CN111236271A

CN111236271A - Slope ecological restoration system and method

Info

Publication number: CN111236271A
Application number: CN202010039904.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚文兵; 吕福清; 马亮; 王俊杰; 张琦伟
Original assignee: Shanxi Fifth Geological Engineering Investigation Institute
Current assignee: Shanxi Fifth Geological Engineering Investigation Institute
Priority date: 2020-01-15
Filing date: 2020-01-15
Publication date: 2020-06-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a slope ecological restoration system and a restoration method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration. Including the grit fixed bed, thick soil layer, seed layer one, fertilizer soil layer, seed layer two and the surface soil layer that is used for surface covering, the surface soil layer upper surface is equipped with the surface soil fixed bed that is used for fixing, the grit fixed bed is fixed with three-dimensional lattice network after for ditching on the slope, the surface soil fixed bed is fixed for fixing through the fixed network, the arbor type plant seed of irritating that sets up in seed layer one, arbor type plant uses the arbor to establish the crowd kind as main, arbor and bush are compared, the root system is more flourishing, firm soil bank protection effect is better. The shrub type plant seeds in the seed layer II take shrubs as species for establishment and herbaceous plants as associated species for diversity community types. In the initial stage of ecological restoration, the herbaceous plants grow faster, the early-stage slope protection effect can be fully exerted, and the dry branches and fallen leaves of the herbaceous plants can provide nutrition for the growth of shrubs.

Description

Slope ecological restoration system and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a slope ecological restoration system and a slope ecological restoration method.

Background

With the development of economy, the contradiction between resource development and environmental construction is more and more concerned by people. Such as mining and stopping pits of quarries and side slopes left after highways and railways are opened, the formed side slopes generally have the phenomena of scouring erosion, water and soil loss and shallow local landslide, and the vegetation of the side slopes is difficult to recover in an even longer time of year. The exposed side slope is inconsistent with the natural landscape of the winding up and down mountain and is also inconsistent with the green landscape of forest vegetation, so that the exposed side slope is not fused with the current ecological environment and sustainable development construction of China, and the side slope restoration is not slow.

The traditional side slope and channel treatment modes such as grouted stone retaining wall, concrete slope protection and the like have a series of problems of high manufacturing cost, uncoordinated ecological environment landscape, difficult vegetation restoration and the like. In the artificial ecological restoration slope, generally, in the initial stage of ecological restoration, plants grow vigorously and the water and soil conservation effect is good, however, the plant community can decline along with the passage of time, the greening vegetation tends to be simplified, and finally, a stable plant community is difficult to form. The existing side slope repairing method is relatively high in construction cost, relatively harsh in engineering technical conditions and not beneficial to large-area engineering application.

Through search, the Chinese invention patent names are: the utility model provides a side slope ecological remediation system and method (application number is 201610286970.1, application date is 20160503), relates to a side slope ecological remediation system and method, wherein, side slope ecological remediation system includes the ecological blanket of filled formula and locates the seed layer on the ecological blanket of filled formula, the ecological blanket of filled formula is fixed lays on domatic, just the ecological blanket of filled formula includes a plurality of filling bags that set up side by side, fill material in the filling bag. The ecological restoration method based on the slope ecological restoration system comprises the following steps of S1, paving a filling type ecological blanket on a slope surface, and fixing by adopting an anchor rod; s2, filling the filling materials into the filling type ecological blanket; and S3, arranging a seed layer on the filled ecological blanket. The slope ecological restoration system and the slope ecological restoration method have the advantages that the construction process is simple, the construction cost is greatly reduced, and the slope ecological restoration system and the slope ecological restoration method are beneficial to popularization and application in ecological restoration work of large-area slopes. However, the application has the defects that the planting ecological restoration is only carried out on the surface of the side slope, the restoration is not comprehensive, and the good growth of the seeds is difficult to ensure.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved by the invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing nursery disease and insect pest control needs a large amount of labor cost and is difficult to supervise in real time.

Technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

the invention discloses a slope ecological restoration system, which comprises a sand fixing layer for fixing, a thick soil layer for providing soil, a first seed layer for storing seeds, a fertilizer soil layer for storing fertilizers, a second seed layer for storing seeds and a surface soil layer for covering the surface, wherein the sand fixing layer is used for fixing by using a three-dimensional lattice net after ditching is carried out on a slope, the upper surface of the surface soil layer is provided with a surface soil fixing layer for fixing, the surface soil fixing layer is fixed by a fixing net, arbor and bush type plant seeds are stored in the first seed layer, shrub type plant seeds are arranged in the second seed layer, the thick soil layer is arranged on the upper surface of the sand fixing layer, the first seed layer is arranged on the upper surface of the thick soil layer, the fertilizer soil layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first seed layer, and the second seed layer is arranged on the upper surface of the fertilizer soil layer, and the surface soil layer is arranged on the upper surface of the second seed layer.

Preferably, the outer wall of the arbor and shrub type plant seed is wrapped with a degradable shell, and the degradable shell is a wood shell.

Preferably, the fixing net used in the surface soil fixing layer is a fixing net woven by plant vines.

Preferably, the fertilizer soil layer is doped with 20-30% of straw, weathered coal, peat soil, ground phosphate rock, wheat middling, EDTA, potassium fulvate, rice hull powder, urea and humic acid by weight.

A slope ecological restoration method adopts the slope ecological restoration system to level a slope to be restored, then a gravel fixing layer with the thickness of 20-30cm is paved on the leveled slope, a thick soil layer with the thickness of 10-20cm is paved on the surface of the gravel fixing layer, and a seed layer I and a seed layer II are paved on the thick soil layer.

Preferably, arbor and shrub type plant seeds are uniformly distributed in the seed layer I, the distribution density of the arbor and shrub type plant seeds is 3-5 seeds in each 16 square centimeters, the distribution density of the shrub type plant seeds is 10-15 shrub type plant seeds in each 9 square centimeters.

Preferably, the thickness of the first seed layer is 2-4cm, the thickness of the second seed layer is 3-6cm, the paving process of the first seed layer is to pave soil doped with 50-70% of wood chips on the surface of a thick soil layer, and a fertilizer soil layer with the thickness of 1-3cm is paved between the first seed layer and the second seed layer.

Preferably, a surface soil layer with the thickness of 2-4cm is laid on the surface of the second seed layer, and cogongrass accounting for 15-30% of the total volume is doped in the surface soil layer.

Preferably, the length of the thatch is 5-10 cm.

Preferably, a fixing net is laid above the surface soil layer, and the diameter of the fixing net is 3-8 mm.

Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention discloses a slope ecological restoration system and a restoration method, comprising a sand fixing layer for fixing, a thick soil layer for providing soil and a seed layer I for storing seeds are arranged on a slope, a fertilizer soil layer for storing fertilizer, a second seed layer for preserving the seed and the topsoil layer that is used for the surface covering, the topsoil layer upper surface is equipped with the topsoil fixed bed that is used for fixing, the grit fixed bed is fixed with three-dimensional lattice network after for ditching on the slope, the topsoil fixed bed is fixed for fixing through the fixed network, the type plant seed of arbor bush is stored to seed layer one, be equipped with the type plant seed of bush in the seed layer two, thick soil layer sets up the upper surface in the grit fixed bed, seed layer one sets up the upper surface in thick soil layer, fertilizer soil layer sets up the upper surface in seed layer one, seed layer two sets up the upper surface in fertilizer soil layer, topsoil layer sets up the upper surface in seed layer two. The arbor and bush type plant seeds are arranged in the seed layer I, and arbor and bush type plants mainly use arbors as the main group seeds and are supplemented with grass and bush. Compared with herbaceous plant communities and shrub plant communities, arbor and shrub plant communities are richer in species and more stable in community, are the community types closest to natural communities, and have more developed root systems and better soil and slope protection effects compared with arbors and shrubs. The shrub type plant seeds in the seed layer II take shrubs as species for establishment and herbaceous plants as associated species for diversity community types. In the initial stage of ecological restoration, the herbaceous plants grow faster, the early-stage slope protection effect can be fully exerted, and the dry branches and fallen leaves of the herbaceous plants can provide nutrition for the growth of shrubs.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a slope ecological restoration system of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:

100. a sandstone fixed layer; 200. a thick soil layer; 300. a first seed layer; 400. a fertilizer soil layer; 500. a second seed layer; 600. a top soil layer; 700. and a surface soil fixing layer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, the slope ecological restoration system of the embodiment includes a sand fixing layer 100 for fixing, a thick soil layer 200 for providing soil, a seed layer one 300 for storing seeds, a fertilizer soil layer 400 for storing fertilizer, a seed layer two 500 for storing seeds, and a surface soil layer 600 for covering a surface, which are disposed on a slope, wherein a surface soil fixing layer 700 for fixing is disposed on an upper surface of the surface soil layer 600, the sand fixing layer 100 is fixed by a three-dimensional lattice net after trenching on the slope, the surface soil fixing layer 700 is fixed by a fixing net, arbor and shrub type plant seeds are stored in the seed layer one 300, shrub type plant seeds are disposed in the seed layer two 500, the thick soil layer 200 is disposed on an upper surface of the sand fixing layer 100, the seed layer one 300 is disposed on an upper surface of the thick soil layer 200, the fertilizer soil layer 400 is arranged on the upper surface of the first seed layer 300, the second seed layer 500 is arranged on the upper surface of the fertilizer soil layer 400, and the top soil layer 600 is arranged on the upper surface of the second seed layer 500. The outer wall of the arbor irrigation type plant seed is wrapped with a degradable shell, and the degradable shell is a wood shell. The fixed net used by the surface soil fixed layer 700 is a fixed net woven by plant vine. The fertilizer soil layer 400 is doped with straw, weathered coal, peat soil, ground phosphate rock, wheat middling, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), potassium fulvate, rice hull powder, urea and humic acid which account for 20-30% of the total weight.

The fixed network of this embodiment is the fixed network of plant vine establishment for at the side slope restoration in-process, the fixed network of plant vine establishment can decompose and become nutrient substance and absorb by the plant above the side slope under natural environment, not only environmental protection but also can promote soil property. And arbor and bush type plant seeds are arranged in the seed layer one 300, wherein arbor and bush type plants mainly comprise arbors and are supplemented with grass and bush. Compared with herbaceous plant communities and shrub plant communities, arbor and shrub plant communities are richer in species and more stable in community, are the community types closest to natural communities, and have more developed root systems and better soil and slope protection effects compared with arbors and shrubs. The shrub type plant seeds in the second seed layer 500 are of a diversity community type with shrubs as the population-building species and herbaceous plants as the accompanying species. In the initial stage of ecological restoration, the herbaceous plants grow faster, the early-stage slope protection effect can be fully exerted, and the dry branches and fallen leaves of the herbaceous plants can provide nutrition for the growth of shrubs. Simultaneously seed layer one 300 sets up in the below of seed layer two 500, and arbor irritates type plant seed outer wall parcel has the degradable shell, and the degradable shell makes arbor irritate type plant seed relative with the slower growth that sprouts of shrub type plant seed, and shrub type plant seed grows in advance, absorbs the growth with fertilizer in the fertilizer soil layer 400, because shrub type plant seed growth is fast, can improve side slope soil environment fast, establishes the basis for the growth of arbor irritated type plant seed.

Example 2

A slope ecological restoration method adopts the slope ecological restoration system to level a slope to be restored, then a gravel fixing layer 100 with the thickness of 20-30cm is paved on the leveled slope, a thick soil layer 200 with the thickness of 10-20cm is paved on the surface of the gravel fixing layer 100, and a seed layer I300 and a seed layer II 500 are paved on the thick soil layer 200. Arbor and shrub type plant seeds are uniformly distributed in the seed layer I300, the distribution density of the arbor and shrub type plant seeds is 3-5 seeds in each 16 square centimeters, and the distribution density of the shrub type plant seeds is 10-15 shrub type plant seeds in each 9 square centimeters because the shrub type plant seeds are uniformly distributed in the seed layer II 500. Because the space required by the arbor and bush type plant seeds is larger, the distribution density of the arbor and bush type plant seeds is 3-5 seeds in each 16 square centimeters, so that the arbor and bush type plant seeds can grow better. The space required by the growth of the shrub type plant seeds is small, the distribution density of the shrub type plant seeds is that 10-15 shrub type plant seeds are arranged in every 9 square centimeters, and the shrub type plant seeds can grow at the maximum density.

In the embodiment, the thickness of the first seed layer 300 is 2-4cm, the thickness of the second seed layer 500 is 3-6cm, soil doped with 50-70% of wood chips is paved on the surface of a thick soil layer in the paving process of the first seed layer 300, and the wood chips are rotted to improve the soil quality of the first seed layer 300 in the growing process of the arbor and shrub type plant seeds of the first seed layer 300, so that the arbor and shrub type plants grow better. And a fertilizer soil layer with the thickness of 1-3cm is laid between the first seed layer 300 and the second seed layer 500. And a surface soil layer 600 with the thickness of 2-4cm is laid on the surface of the second seed layer 500.

The top soil layer 600 is doped with couch grass accounting for 15-30% of the total volume. The length of the couch grass is 5-10cm, the couch grass with the length of 5-10cm can be used for fixing the surface soil layer 600 and serving as a connecting line of the surface soil layer 600, a fixing net is laid above the surface soil layer 600, and the diameter of the fixing net is 3-8 mm.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express a certain implementation mode of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the protection scope of the present invention; therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a side slope ecological remediation system which characterized in that: the soil-covering type plant seed cultivation method comprises the steps that a sand fixing layer (100) used for fixing, a thick soil layer (200) used for providing soil, a seed layer I (300) used for storing seeds, a fertilizer soil layer (400) used for storing fertilizers, a seed layer II (500) used for storing seeds and a surface soil layer (600) used for covering the surface are arranged on a slope, the sand fixing layer (100) is fixed through a three-dimensional lattice net after ditching is conducted on the slope, a surface soil fixing layer (700) used for fixing is arranged on the upper surface of the surface soil layer (600), the surface soil fixing layer (700) is fixed through a fixing net, arbor and shrub type plant seeds are stored in the seed layer I (300), shrub type plant seeds are arranged in the seed layer II (500), the thick soil layer (200) is arranged on the upper surface of the sand fixing layer (100), and the seed layer I (300) is arranged on the upper surface of the thick soil layer (200), the fertilizer soil layer (400) is arranged on the upper surface of the first seed layer (300), the second seed layer (500) is arranged on the upper surface of the fertilizer soil layer (400), and the topsoil layer (600) is arranged on the upper surface of the second seed layer (500).

2. The slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer wall of the arbor irrigation type plant seed is wrapped with a degradable shell, and the degradable shell is a wood shell.

3. The slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed net used by the surface soil fixed layer (700) is a fixed net woven by plant vine.

4. The slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer soil layer (400) is doped with straw, weathered coal, peat soil, ground phosphate rock, wheat middling, EDTA, potassium fulvate, rice hull powder, urea and humic acid which account for 20-30% of the total weight.

5. A slope ecological restoration method is characterized in that: the slope ecological restoration system of any one of the claims 1 to 4 is adopted, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of leveling a slope needing to be repaired, then paving a sand and stone fixing layer (100) with the thickness of 20-30cm on the leveled slope, paving a thick soil layer (200) with the thickness of 10-20cm on the surface of the sand and stone fixing layer (100), and paving a seed layer I (300) and a seed layer II (500) on the thick soil layer (200).

6. The slope ecological restoration method according to claim 5, characterized in that: arbor-shrub type plant seeds are uniformly distributed in the seed layer I (300), 3-5 seeds are arranged in each 16 square centimeters of the distribution density of the arbor-shrub type plant seeds, shrub type plant seeds are uniformly distributed in the seed layer II (500), and 10-15 shrub type plant seeds are arranged in each 9 square centimeters of the distribution density of the shrub type plant seeds.

7. The slope ecological restoration method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the thickness of the first seed layer (300) is 2-4cm, the thickness of the second seed layer (500) is 3-6cm, soil doped with 50-70% of wood chips in weight percentage is paved on the surface of a thick soil layer in the paving process of the first seed layer, and a fertilizer soil layer with the thickness of 1-3cm is paved between the first seed layer and the second seed layer.

8. The slope ecological restoration method according to claim 5, characterized in that: a surface soil layer (600) with the thickness of 2-4cm is laid on the surface of the second seed layer (500), and thatch accounting for 15-30% of the total volume is doped in the surface soil layer (600).

9. The slope ecological restoration method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the length of the couch grass is 5-10 cm.

10. The slope ecological restoration method according to claims 5-9, characterized in that: and a fixing net is laid above the surface soil layer (600), and the diameter of the fixing net is 3-8 mm.