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CN111231442A - 以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材及制备方法 - Google Patents

以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111231442A
CN111231442A CN202010151402.7A CN202010151402A CN111231442A CN 111231442 A CN111231442 A CN 111231442A CN 202010151402 A CN202010151402 A CN 202010151402A CN 111231442 A CN111231442 A CN 111231442A
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pultruded
fiber cloth
composite material
composite
core material
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方海
韩娟
刘伟庆
杨晨
蔡炜
王蕴天
黎冲
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Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材及制备方法，将加工好的复合材拉挤型材作为芯材封口后缠绕纤维布，拼铺成板材形状，拉挤型材芯材、相邻芯材侧面接缝处的纤维布与树脂固化后形成空间复合材料腹板和面板。本发明复合材料承重板材结构与其他产品相比，其最大的特点是拉挤型材芯材与缠绕纤维布共同形成复合材料腹板和面层，抗压、抗弯、抗剪以及抗剥离能力显著提高，使得结构的整体力学性能得到增强。具有高抗力、高延性、装配便捷的显著优点，可作为桥面板、楼面板和墙面板等应用到基础设施领域。

Description

以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材及制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于桥面、楼面、墙面的以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材。
背景技术
复合材料因其轻质高强的特性被广泛应用于基础设施领域。目前桥梁(尤其是对重量特别敏感的悬索桥)为减轻结构重量，亦提出了复合材料承重板的概念。
玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)因其较低的价格优势在基础设施领域中应用广泛，常采用拉挤空腔式型材形式，但拉挤型材通常以纵向纤维为主，且在面板与腹板的交接处存在较大的剪力和应力集中现象，极易在面板中部或面板与腹板相交处发生劈裂破坏。因此复合材料拉挤型材承载力较低，且现有拉挤工艺难以成型大尺寸截面复材构件，故常用于受力不大的附属结构。
以蜂窝、泡沫和轻木等作为芯材的复合材料夹芯结构是工程应用中极为广泛的结构形式，通过芯材以增大截面惯性矩，获得较高的抗弯强度和刚度。但传统复合材料夹芯构件在制造与服役过程中极易发生面层与芯材界面剥离破坏，严重制约其轻质高强特性的发挥。
本专利所制作以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材，采用复合材料夹芯结构，以复合材料拉挤型材为芯材，以复合材料为面层及腹板，充分利用了拉挤型材和复合材料夹层结构两种的优点，解决了承载力低及界面剥离问题，满足了实际工程需求。其增强原理是：复合材料面层、复合材料腹板与合材料拉挤型材芯材整体一次成型，复合材料腹板将面层与芯材有机形成一体，极大地提高了面层与芯材的抗剥离能力和协同工作能力；显著增强了芯材单向纤维受力的受压、受剪性能。
发明内容
本发明针对现有拉挤工艺难以成型大尺寸截面复材构件的难题，且拉挤板材以单向纤维为主，尤其是空腔式拉挤板材易发生面层破裂和腹板剪坏，泡沫夹芯复合材料夹层结构界面剥离等问题，提出了一种以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材。以拉挤型材为芯材，以复合材料为面层及格构腹板，通过工业化成型工艺制备系列复合材料板材构件，具有高抗力、高延性、装配便捷的显著优点，可作为桥面板、楼面板和墙面板等应用于基础设施领域。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材，包括拉挤管芯材、拉挤管封口材料、复合材料腹板和复合材料面板；
所述拉挤管芯材外面包裹着缠绕纤维布，缠绕纤维布的铺设方向与层数可根据需要灵活控制，所述拉挤管芯材为矩形截面、圆形截面或六边形蜂窝截面，尺寸、数量可根据结构实际受力灵活采用；
多个拉挤管芯材拼铺组合连接成组合构件；所述组合构件的拉挤管芯材为单层水平铺设、多层水平铺设、多层水平错位铺设或竖直铺设；
所述组合构件外面设有整体外包纤维布，组合构件为桥面板、路面板或墙板的形状，相邻拉挤管芯材周边接缝部位缠绕纤维布与树脂固化后形成复合材料腹板和复合材料面板，所述复合材料腹板沿拉挤管芯材高度方向或长度方向布置，形成空间格构腹板；
所述拉挤管芯材的两端设有拉挤管封口材料，拉挤管封口材料是复合材料片材，并通过胶粘封口；或者拉挤管封口材料是结构泡沫块，并塞入拉挤管芯材的两端固定进行封口。
作为优选，所述的缠绕纤维布和整体外包纤维布为纤维材质，包括：单轴向或多轴向的碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维或杂交纤维布。
作为优选，所述的树脂包括：不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
上述以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a.拉挤管芯材两端部用一定厚度的复合材料片材胶粘封口，或者在拉挤管芯材两端各塞入一定长度的结构泡沫块并固定进行封口；
b.对已完成端部封口的拉挤管芯材每根沿单层单向、单层双向、多层多向或多层多向铺设纤维布，
c.将一层或多层纤维布铺设于已完成端部封口的拉挤管芯材的表面；
d.拼铺拉挤管芯材形成设计桥面板、路面板、墙板的形状，再整体外包一层或多层层纤维布，铺层角度和层数根据需求确定。
e.通过真空袋成型工艺、真空导入成型工艺或RTM成型工艺将树脂灌入到真空袋或模具中；
f.待树脂固化成型后，取出，纤维布层与树脂固化成复合材料面板，相邻芯材接缝位置与树脂形成复合材料腹板。即可获得一种以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材。
有益效果：
本发明以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材与其他夹层结构相比，其最大的特点是拉挤型材芯材与缠绕纤维布共同形成复合材料腹板和面层，抗压、抗弯、抗剪以及抗剥离能力显著提高，使得结构的整体力学性能得到增强。
附图说明
图1为以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材示意图，拉挤管芯材水平铺设；
图2为图1的局部放大图；
图3为以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材示意图，双层拉挤管芯材水平铺设；
图4为以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材示意图，双层拉挤管芯材水平错位铺设；
图5为以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材示意图，多层六边形拉挤管芯材水平铺设，边缘铺设梯形和异形拉挤型材芯材；
图6为以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材示意图，拉挤管芯材竖直铺设；
图7为以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材示意图，蜂窝截面拉挤管芯材竖直铺设。
附图中：1为拉挤管芯材；2为拉挤管封口材料；3为缠绕纤维布；4为整体外包纤维布；5为复合材料腹板；6为复合材料面板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步地说明：
如图1-7所示，一种以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材，包括拉挤管芯材1、拉挤管封口材料2、复合材料腹板5和复合材料面板6；
所述拉挤管芯材1外面包裹着缠绕纤维布3，缠绕纤维布3的铺设方向与层数可根据需要灵活控制，所述拉挤管芯材1为矩形截面、圆形截面或六边形蜂窝截面，尺寸、数量可根据结构实际受力灵活采用；
多个拉挤管芯材1拼铺组合连接成组合构件；所述组合构件的拉挤管芯材为单层水平铺设、双层水平铺设、双层水平错位铺设或竖直铺设；
所述组合构件外面设有整体外包纤维布4，组合构件为桥面板、路面板或墙板的形状，相邻拉挤管芯材1周边接缝部位缠绕纤维布3与树脂固化后形成复合材料腹板5和复合材料面板6，所述复合材料腹板5沿拉挤管芯材1高度方向或长度方向布置，形成空间格构腹板；
所述拉挤管芯材1的两端设有拉挤管封口材料2，拉挤管封口材料2是复合材料片材，并通过胶粘封口；或者拉挤管封口材料2是结构泡沫块，并塞入拉挤管芯材1的两端固定进行封口；
所述的缠绕纤维布3和整体外包纤维布4为纤维材质，包括：单轴向或多轴向的碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维或杂交纤维布。所述的树脂包括：不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
上述以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a.拉挤管芯材两端部用一定厚度的复合材料片材胶粘封口，或者在拉挤管芯材两端各塞入一定长度的结构泡沫块并固定进行封口；
b.对已完成端部封口的拉挤管芯材每根外包两层铺层角度为45°的玻璃纤维布；
c.将一层或多层纤维布铺设于已完成端部封口的拉挤管芯材的表面；
d.沿截面宽度方向并排摆放8根外包好纤维布的拉挤管芯材形成板材，整体外包四层玻璃纤维布，内侧2层铺层角度为45°的纤维布沿板材的宽度方向外包，外侧2层铺层角度为90°的纤维布沿板的长度方向外包；
e.通过真空袋成型工艺、真空导入成型工艺或RTM成型工艺将树脂灌入到真空袋或模具中；
f.待树脂固化成型后，取出，纤维布层与树脂固化成复合材料面板，相邻芯材接缝位置与树脂形成复合材料腹板。即可获得一种以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施方式做出详细说明，但本发明不局限于所描述的实施方式。对本领域的普通技术人员而言，在本发明的原理和技术思想的范围内，对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形仍落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材，其特征在于：包括拉挤管芯材、拉挤管封口材料、复合材料腹板和复合材料面板；
所述拉挤管芯材外面包裹着缠绕纤维布，拉挤管芯材为矩形截面、圆形截面或六边形蜂窝截面；
多个拉挤管芯材拼铺组合连接成组合构件；所述组合构件的拉挤管芯材为单层水平铺设、多层水平铺设、多层水平错位铺设或竖直铺设；
所述组合构件外面设有整体外包纤维布，组合构件为桥面板、路面板或墙板的形状，相邻拉挤管芯材周边接缝部位缠绕纤维布与树脂固化后形成复合材料腹板和复合材料面板，所述复合材料腹板沿拉挤管芯材高度方向或长度方向布置，形成空间格构腹板；
所述拉挤管芯材的两端设有拉挤管封口材料，拉挤管封口材料是复合材料片材，并通过胶粘封口；或者拉挤管封口材料是结构泡沫块，并塞入拉挤管芯材的两端固定进行封口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材，其特征在于：所述的缠绕纤维布和整体外包纤维布为纤维材质，包括：单轴向或多轴向的碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维或杂交纤维布。
3.根据权利要求1所述的以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材，其特征在于：所述的树脂包括：不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
a.拉挤管芯材两端部用复合材料片材胶粘封口，或者在拉挤管芯材两端各塞入结构泡沫块并固定进行封口；
b.对已完成端部封口的拉挤管芯材每根沿单层单向、单层双向、多层多向或多层多向铺设纤维布；
c.将一层或多层纤维布铺设于已完成端部封口的拉挤管芯材的表面；
d.拼铺拉挤管芯材形成设计桥面板、路面板、墙板的形状，再整体外包一层或多层层纤维布，铺层角度和层数根据需求确定；
e.通过真空袋成型工艺、真空导入成型工艺或RTM成型工艺将树脂灌入到真空袋或模具中；
f.待树脂固化成型后，取出，纤维布层与树脂固化成复合材料面板，相邻芯材接缝位置与树脂形成复合材料腹板，即获得一种以拉挤型材为夹芯的大尺寸多轴向复合材料承重板材。
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