CN111218569A - Smelting furnace and smelting method for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore - Google Patents
Smelting furnace and smelting method for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN111218569A CN111218569A CN202010127743.0A CN202010127743A CN111218569A CN 111218569 A CN111218569 A CN 111218569A CN 202010127743 A CN202010127743 A CN 202010127743A CN 111218569 A CN111218569 A CN 111218569A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052960 marcasite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/025—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of a matte or by matte refining or converting into nickel or cobalt, e.g. by the Oxford process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
- F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
- F27D3/1518—Tapholes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
- F27D3/1545—Equipment for removing or retaining slag
- F27D3/1554—Equipment for removing or retaining slag for removing the slag from the surface of the melt
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
- F27B2014/0818—Discharging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/13—Smelting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a smelting furnace and a smelting method for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore, comprising a furnace body with a furnace chamber, wherein the furnace body is sequentially divided into a furnace cylinder section, a furnace body section and a furnace top section from bottom to top; the bottom side of the hearth section is communicated with an electric heating forehearth, the electric heating forehearth is provided with a slag discharge port and a siphon port, the position of the inner end of the siphon port is lower than that of the inner end of the slag discharge port, and the bottom area of the inner cavity of the electric heating forehearth is 1/2-3/2 of that of the inner cavity of the hearth section; the inner bottom surface of the hearth section is inclined towards the direction of the electric heating front bed, and the included angle between the inner bottom surface of the hearth section and the horizontal plane is 5-20 degrees. The laterite-nickel ore can be directly smelted in a smelting furnace after being mixed with additives, flux and the like, pelletizing treatment is not needed, and the smelting process is simplified. The smelting furnace can directly and efficiently carry out oxygen-enriched smelting on low-grade laterite-nickel ore with low energy consumption to generate nickel matte, nickel matte and the like with economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a smelting furnace and a smelting method for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore, belonging to the technical field of comprehensive recovery of non-ferrous metals.
Background
At present, most of laterite-nickel ores are low-grade laterite-nickel ores with nickel grade of 0.8-1.8% and iron grade of 15-45%. The development and utilization processes of the laterite-nickel ore mainly comprise three main types, namely a wet leaching process, a pyrometallurgical process and a reduction roasting-magnetic separation process. The wet leaching process comprises a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching process, a pressure acid leaching process, an atmospheric pressure acid leaching process and a microorganism leaching process, and all the methods can effectively treat the laterite-nickel ore, but have the inevitable defects of high cost, large investment, difficult maintenance and the like.
Due to the large demand of nickel in the stainless steel industry of China, 70% of nickel on the market is processed and produced by a pyrometallurgical process, the pyrometallurgical process can be divided into a reduction smelting ferronickel process and a reduction smelting nickel matte process according to different products generated by the pyrometallurgical process, the reduction smelting ferronickel process has high energy consumption and high requirements on raw ores, and the process for preparing nickel matte by reduction smelting has high treatment difficulty. Therefore, it is an urgent need to solve the problem of high energy consumption and to find an effective pyrometallurgical process.
The Chinese patent application CN105463214A discloses a method for producing ferronickel by using low-grade laterite-nickel ore, which adopts the technology of first-stage reduction and second-stage smelting to process low-grade laterite to generate ferronickel products. However, the two-stage treatment process has long flow, and the temperature for smelting and generating the nickel-iron alloy is high, so that the energy consumption is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a smelting furnace for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore so as to solve the problem that the prior art is difficult to efficiently utilize low-grade laterite-nickel ore; the invention also aims to provide a smelting method for extracting valuable metals from the laterite-nickel ore.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a smelting furnace for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore comprises a furnace body with a furnace chamber, wherein the furnace body is sequentially divided into a furnace cylinder section, a furnace body section and a furnace top section from bottom to top; one side of the bottom of the hearth section is communicated with an electric heating forehearth, the electric heating forehearth is provided with a slag discharge port and a siphon port, the position of the inner end of the siphon port is lower than that of the inner end of the slag discharge port, and the bottom area of the inner cavity of the electric heating forehearth is 1/2-3/2 of that of the inner cavity of the hearth section; the inner bottom surface of the hearth section is inclined towards the direction of the electric heating front bed, and the included angle between the inner bottom surface of the hearth section and the horizontal plane is 5-20 degrees.
The smelting furnace is divided into a smelting area and a dilution area, the laterite-nickel ore is smelted by side blowing in the smelting area and enters an electric heating fore-hearth, smelting materials are diluted by the electric heating fore-hearth, and the smelting materials are settled and layered to generate nickel matte and the like, so that the problem of large slag quantity of low-grade laterite-nickel ore can be successfully solved.
The electric heating forehearth is heated by adopting electrodes, after the laterite-nickel ore is smelted in a furnace chamber, the metal is melted and transferred to the electric heating forehearth for sedimentation and layering, a slag discharge port and a siphon port are arranged in the electric heating forehearth, and the layered slag phase and the layered metal are respectively discharged from the slag discharge port and the siphon port. The reason is that the laterite-nickel ore has low nickel grade, large slag quantity, small volume of the conventional furnace chamber, short retention time of materials in the furnace chamber, difficult obtainment of obvious nickel matte layer, high cost and complicated engineering when the furnace chamber is arranged too large. In order to solve the problem, the smelting material is transferred to an electric heating forehearth for sedimentation, the sedimentation time of nickel matte is prolonged, and the amount of the nickel matte in the forehearth is increased to enable the nickel matte to generate an obvious nickel matte layer, so that the aim of slag matte layering is fulfilled, and the slag phase and the valuable metal phase in the low-grade laterite-nickel ore can be effectively separated and enriched.
The hearth section is communicated with the electric heating forehearth, so that the low-grade laterite-nickel ore is smelted in a side-blown furnace, slag phases and metal phases enter the electric heating forehearth to be clarified and layered together, the electric heating forehearth of the furnace is large in size, and the surface area of the bottom of the inner cavity of the electric heating forehearth is 1/2-3/2 of the surface area of the bottom of the inner cavity of the hearth, so that more slag phases can be placed, more metal liquid phases can be accumulated more easily, the slag phases and the metal phases are layered obviously, the purpose of slag-liquid separation is achieved, and valuable metals in the low-grade laterite-nickel ore are extracted and utilized efficiently.
Further, the bottom area of the inner cavity of the electric heating front bed is not less than 5m2。
Further, the bottom area of the inner cavity of the bed before electric heating is 8-12 square meters.
Furthermore, a first charging opening and a second charging opening are arranged on the furnace body section. Generally, the first feed inlet is used as a main feed inlet, and the second feed inlet is used as a standby feed inlet.
Furthermore, a first water jacket, a second water jacket and a third water jacket are sequentially distributed on the furnace body section from bottom to top.
Further, the smelting furnace still includes primary air pipe and secondary air pipe, the furnace chamber section intercommunication that primary air pipe and first water jacket correspond, the furnace chamber section intercommunication that secondary air pipe and third water jacket correspond. Generally, the secondary air pipe is filled with air, the primary air pipe is filled with natural gas and oxygen-enriched air, and the secondary air pipe is used for completely burning CO in the furnace.
In order to facilitate the smelted materials to flow to the electric heating forehearth from the hearth section and to be layered, the bottom of the inner cavity of the hearth section inclines to 5-20 degrees towards the electric heating forehearth, so that certain flow speed can be ensured, but the flow speed is not too fast.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a smelting method for extracting valuable metals from the laterite-nickel ore, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing agent, the matte making agent and the flux according to the mass ratio of 100:5-20:5-30:5-30 to obtain a mixture;
wherein the nickel content in the laterite-nickel ore is 0.5-3 wt%; the flux is prepared from limestone and sodium carbonate according to the proportion of 1-5: 1 by mass ratio;
s2, adding the mixture obtained in the step S1 into the smelting furnace, smelting, discharging slag phase through a slag discharge port, and leading out metal phase through a siphon port;
wherein, during smelting, the temperature in the furnace body is controlled to be 1000-1400 ℃, and preferably 1000-1200 ℃.
Further, before S1, a step of drying the lateritic nickel ore, preferably low temperature drying, is also included, optionally, the water content of the lateritic nickel ore after drying is lower than 30wt%, preferably lower than 20 wt%.
Further, in S1, the mass ratio of the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing agent, the matte making agent and the flux is 100:5-15:10-25: 8-20.
The reducing agent mainly aims at supplying heat and promoting the reaction of nickel oxide and a vulcanizing agent to generate nickel sulfide in the sulfur-making smelting process, when the using amount is too high, direct reduction of the nickel oxide can be caused, and when the using amount is too low, the reaction promoting effect cannot be realized, and the consumption of natural gas is increased, so that the amount of the reducing agent is controlled to be 5-15 wt% of that of the laterite-nickel ore. The using amount of the sulfur-making agent is controlled to be 10-25 wt% of the laterite-nickel ore, so that the complete vulcanization of nickel oxide can be ensured, and the waste of a vulcanizing agent is not caused. Limestone and sodium carbonate react with silicates in laterite ore to produce low melting point alkali silicate to lower the melting point of the system, promote the flow deposition of nickel and sulfur, and promote the release of sulfur from nickel in silicate.
Further, in S1, the reducing agent is pulverized coal and/or coke; the sulfonium making agent is selected from one or more of pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing solid waste, and is preferably pyrite.
Further, in S2, natural gas and oxygen-enriched air are introduced into the hearth section during smelting. Optionally, the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air is 20-50 vol%.
Optionally, the flux is prepared from limestone and sodium carbonate in a ratio of 1-3: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.
During smelting, along with the addition of materials and the derivation of a slag phase and a metal phase, the smelting materials in the hearth section automatically enter an electric heating forehearth, and the electric heating forehearth is used for diluting the smelting materials and layering the smelting materials to form a new slag phase and a new metal phase.
The main reactions in the smelting process are as follows:
(1) oxidation-reduction reaction:
2NiO+FeS2+C=Ni2S+FeS+CO
Ni2S +FeS2=2NiS+FeS
CuO+FeS2+C=Cu2S+FeS+CO
Cu2S +FeS2=2CuS+FeS
2CO+O2=2CO2
(2) slagging reaction
CaO+SiO2=CaO·SiO2
Na2O+SiO2=Na2O·SiO2
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the laterite-nickel ore can be directly smelted in a smelting furnace after being mixed with additives, flux and the like, pelletizing treatment is not needed, and the smelting process is simplified.
2) The smelting furnace can directly perform oxygen-enriched smelting on low-grade laterite-nickel ore with high efficiency and low energy consumption to generate metal phases such as nickel matte, nickel matte and the like with economic value, and obtain the metal phase with the nickel taste higher than 20 wt%.
3) The smelting furnace has large treatment capacity and high smelting speed, effectively solves the problem of large slag quantity, and can efficiently treat low-grade nonferrous metals.
4) Compared with CN105463214A, the invention directly adopts side-blown smelting to generate nickel matte, thereby effectively reducing the smelting difficulty and reducing the energy consumption, and compared with the conventional side-blown furnace for processing laterite-nickel ore, the invention successfully solves the problem of solid-liquid delamination because of low taste, large slag amount and difficult solid-liquid delamination, thereby causing the difficult recovery of nickel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a smelting process for extracting valuable metals from lateritic nickel ores in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view (in a front view direction) of a smelting furnace for extracting valuable metals from lateritic nickel ores according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view (side view direction) of a smelting furnace for extracting valuable metals from lateritic nickel ores according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-furnace base, 2-furnace cylinder section, 3-primary tuyere, 4-first water jacket, 5-second water jacket, 6-third water jacket, 7-1-first charging opening, 7-2-second charging opening, 8-furnace top water jacket, 9-fifth water jacket, 10-fourth water jacket, 10-1-furnace top section, 11-furnace platform water jacket, 12-furnace supporting frame, 13-secondary tuyere, 14-observation hole, 15-surrounding brick, 17-1-slag discharge opening, 17-2-siphon opening, 17-3-safety opening, 18-supporting rod, 19-secondary air pipe, 20-primary air pipe, 21-siphon passage, 22-electrode, 23-electric heating fore bed and A-furnace body section.
Detailed Description
The following description describes alternative embodiments of the invention to teach one of ordinary skill in the art how to make and use the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted for the purpose of teaching the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will fall within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the smelting furnace for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore comprises a furnace body with a furnace chamber, wherein the furnace body is divided into a furnace cylinder section 2, a furnace body section A and a furnace top section 10-1 from bottom to top in sequence; the bottom side of the hearth section 2 is communicated with an electric heating front bed 23, the electric heating front bed 23 is provided with a deslagging port 17-1 and a siphon port 17-2, the position of the inner end of the siphon port 17-2 is lower than that of the inner end of the deslagging port 17-1, the bottom area of the inner cavity of the electric heating front bed 23 is 1.3 of that of the inner cavity of the hearth section 2, and an electrode 22 for heating is arranged in the electric heating front bed 23; the inner bottom surface of the hearth section 2 is inclined towards the direction of the electric heating front bed 23, and the included angle between the inner bottom surface of the hearth section 2 and the horizontal plane is 5-20 degrees.
The bottom area of the inner cavity of the electric heating front bed 23 is 8-12 m2。
The furnace body section A is provided with a first charging hole 7-1 and a second charging hole 7-2.
The furnace body section A is provided with a first water jacket 4, a second water jacket 5 and a third water jacket 6 which are sequentially distributed from bottom to top. And a fourth water jacket 10 and a fifth water jacket 9 are sequentially arranged on the furnace top section 10-1 from bottom to top.
The furnace cavity water jacket further comprises a primary air pipe 20 and a secondary air pipe 19, wherein the primary air pipe 20 is communicated with the furnace cavity section corresponding to the first water jacket 4, and the secondary air pipe 19 is communicated with the furnace cavity section corresponding to the third water jacket 6. The primary air ducts 20 communicate with the respective furnace chamber sections through primary air ports. The secondary air ducts 19 communicate with the respective furnace chamber sections through secondary air openings 13.
A smelting method for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore, comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing agent, the matte making agent and the flux according to the mass ratio of 100:10:20:8 to obtain a mixture;
wherein the nickel content in the laterite-nickel ore is 0.75 wt%; the flux is prepared from limestone and sodium carbonate according to the proportion of 1.5: 1 by mass ratio;
s2, adding the mixture obtained in the step S1 into the smelting furnace, smelting, discharging slag phase through a slag discharge port 17-1, and leading out metal phase through a siphon port 17-2;
wherein, during smelting, the temperature in the furnace body is controlled to be 1200 ℃.
In S1, the reducing agent is pulverized coal; the sulfonium making agent is pyrite.
In S2, natural gas and oxygen-enriched air are introduced into the hearth section A during smelting, and the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air is 30 vol%.
The grade of nickel in the slag phase was 0.14wt%, and the grade of nickel in the metal phase was 21.5 wt%.
Example 2
The embodiment 1 is repeated, except that in the embodiment, the laterite-nickel ore contains 1.01wt% of Nie, the mass ratio of the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing agent, the matte making agent and the flux is 100:8:18:10, wherein the reducing agent is waste activated carbon, the flux is formed by mixing calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the smelting temperature is 1300 ℃, and the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas is 32 vol%. The grade of nickel in the obtained slag phase was 0.16wt%, and the grade of nickel in the metal phase was 22.4 wt%.
Example 3
The embodiment 1 is repeated, except that in the embodiment, the laterite-nickel ore contains 1.34wt% of Nie, the mass ratio of the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing agent, the matte making agent and the flux is 100:10:20:14, wherein the reducing agent is coke, the flux is formed by mixing calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the smelting temperature is 1300 ℃. The grade of nickel in the slag phase was 0.12wt%, and the grade of nickel in the metal phase was 19.5 wt%.
Example 4
The embodiment 1 is repeated, except that in the embodiment, the laterite-nickel ore contains 0.89wt% of Ni0, the mass ratio of the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing agent, the matte making agent and the flux is 100:15:15, wherein the reducing agent is waste activated carbon, the flux is formed by mixing calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas is 35 vol%. The grade of nickel in the slag phase was 0.08wt%, and the grade of nickel in the metal phase was 18.6 wt%.
Comparative example 1
The laterite-nickel ore is processed by adopting a conventional oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace, wherein the nickel content in the laterite-nickel ore is 0.87wt%, the laterite-nickel ore, the pulverized coal and the pyrite are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:15:20, then the mixture is added into the oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace, oxygen-enriched gas with the oxygen concentration of 32vol% and natural gas are introduced for smelting, and due to the fact that the amount of slag is too large, materials cannot be layered in a furnace chamber, and nickel matte cannot be normally discharged.
The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A smelting furnace for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore comprises a furnace body with a furnace chamber, wherein the furnace body is sequentially divided into a furnace cylinder section (2), a furnace body section (A) and a furnace top section (10-1) from bottom to top; the furnace is characterized in that one side of the bottom of the hearth section (2) is communicated with an electric heating forehearth (23), the electric heating forehearth (23) is provided with a slag discharge port (17-1) and a siphon port (17-2), the position of the inner end of the siphon port (17-2) is lower than that of the inner end of the slag discharge port (17-1), and the bottom area of the inner cavity of the electric heating forehearth (23) is 1/2-3/2 of that of the inner cavity of the hearth section (2); the inner bottom surface of the hearth section (2) inclines towards the direction of the electric heating front bed (23), and the included angle between the inner bottom surface of the hearth section (2) and the horizontal plane is 5-20 degrees.
2. A smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom area of the cavity of the electrically heated front bed (23) is not less than 5m2。
3. The smelting furnace according to claim 2, wherein the bottom area of the inner cavity of the electric heating front bed (23) is 8-12 square meters.
4. A smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the shaft section (a) is provided with a first charging opening (7-1) and a second charging opening (7-2).
5. A smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the furnace body section (A) is provided with a first water jacket (4), a second water jacket (5) and a third water jacket (6) which are distributed in sequence from bottom to top.
6. A smelting furnace according to claim 5, further comprising a primary air duct (20) and a secondary air duct (19), the primary air duct (20) communicating with the furnace chamber section corresponding to the first water jacket (4), the secondary air duct (19) communicating with the furnace chamber section corresponding to the third water jacket (6).
7. A smelting method for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing agent, the matte making agent and the flux according to the mass ratio of 100:5-30:10-30:1-20 to obtain a mixture;
wherein the nickel content in the laterite-nickel ore is 0.5-3 wt%; the flux is prepared from limestone and sodium carbonate according to the proportion of 1-5: 1 by mass ratio;
s2, adding the mixture obtained in S1 into the smelting furnace, smelting, discharging slag phase through a slag discharge port (17-1), and leading out metal phase through a siphon port (17-2);
wherein, during smelting, the temperature in the furnace body is controlled to be 1000-1400 ℃.
8. The smelting method according to claim 7, wherein in S1, the mass ratio of the laterite-nickel ore, the reducing agent, the matte making agent and the fusing agent is 100:10-20:10-20: 10-20.
9. The smelting method according to claim 7, wherein in S1, the reducing agent is pulverized coal and/or coke; the sulfonium making agent is selected from one or more of pyrite, sulfur and sulfur-containing solid waste.
10. The smelting method according to claim 7, wherein in S2, natural gas and oxygen-enriched air are introduced into the hearth section (A) during smelting.
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| CN202011037738.7A CN111996391A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-09-28 | Smelting furnace and smelting method for extracting valuable metals from laterite-nickel ore |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113512648A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-10-19 | 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 | A side blown furnace |
| CN113897468A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-07 | 上海西勘环境科技有限公司 | An oxygen-enriched side-blowing furnace for enhanced reduction and recovery of iron from metal waste |
| CN116426767A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-07-14 | 盛屯能源金属化学(贵州)有限公司 | Reinforced depletion technology and reinforced depletion furnace for nonferrous metal smelting slag |
| WO2024026998A1 (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-08 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for treating laterite nickel ore by means of oxygen-enriched side blowing furnace |
| WO2024149128A1 (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2024-07-18 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and system for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste |
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| CN113293296B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2024-04-26 | 中伟新材料股份有限公司 | Method for producing low nickel matte by smelting, reducing and vulcanizing nickel oxide ore |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6270554B1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-08-07 | Inco Limited | Continuous nickel matte converter for production of low iron containing nickel-rich matte with improved cobalt recovery |
| CN101492773A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2009-07-29 | 内黄县鑫虹化工厂 | Process and system for recycling lead-zinc furnace cinder |
| US8815186B2 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2014-08-26 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Nickel compositions for preparing nickel metal and nickel complexes |
| CN202193823U (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-04-18 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting furnace |
| CN203846088U (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-09-24 | 中南大学 | Oxygen-enriched side blowing furnace for synchronously processing various heavy metal wastes |
| CN103993183B (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2016-03-30 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Oxygen-enriched top blowing melting-liquid high lead dross side-blown direct-reduction refines plumbous equipment |
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- 2020-02-28 CN CN202010127743.0A patent/CN111218569A/en active Pending
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113512648A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-10-19 | 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 | A side blown furnace |
| CN113897468A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-07 | 上海西勘环境科技有限公司 | An oxygen-enriched side-blowing furnace for enhanced reduction and recovery of iron from metal waste |
| WO2024026998A1 (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-08 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for treating laterite nickel ore by means of oxygen-enriched side blowing furnace |
| WO2024149128A1 (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2024-07-18 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and system for producing nickel matte from nickel-containing solid waste |
| CN116426767A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-07-14 | 盛屯能源金属化学(贵州)有限公司 | Reinforced depletion technology and reinforced depletion furnace for nonferrous metal smelting slag |
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