CN111175321A - Gas-liquid two-phase flow water content measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Gas-liquid two-phase flow water content measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种气液两相流含水率测量装置，包括：谐振腔体，位于谐振腔体两端的过渡管段，用于测量谐振频率的电路模块，其特征在于，谐振腔体由所述谐振腔体前端与谐振腔体后端密封连接而成，谐振腔体前端和谐振腔体后端由金属制成，腔体内壁采用银镀层并做抛光处理，所述谐振腔中心轴线处嵌入内嵌绝缘管，用于导流气液两相流流体，阻止流体渗入空腔空间。所述谐振腔体和内嵌绝缘管构成的空间采用内嵌绝缘介质填充。所述谐振腔体侧壁的相对位置上开有一对天线耦合孔，所述谐振腔体的微波馈入的方式采用微波天线耦合馈入；所述整流器位于流动方向上游的过渡管段中。本发明同时给出上述装置的含水率测量方法。
The invention relates to a gas-liquid two-phase flow water content measurement device, comprising: a resonant cavity, transition pipe sections located at both ends of the resonant cavity, and a circuit module for measuring the resonant frequency, characterized in that the resonant cavity is formed by the resonant cavity The front end of the cavity is sealed with the rear end of the resonant cavity. The front end of the resonant cavity and the rear end of the resonant cavity are made of metal. The inner wall of the cavity is coated with silver and polished. The insulating tube is used to guide gas-liquid two-phase flow fluid and prevent the fluid from penetrating into the cavity space. The space formed by the resonant cavity and the embedded insulating tube is filled with an embedded insulating medium. A pair of antenna coupling holes are opened at opposite positions of the side walls of the resonant cavity, and microwave antenna coupling is used to feed the microwaves of the resonant cavity; the rectifier is located in the transition pipe section upstream of the flow direction. The present invention also provides a method for measuring the moisture content of the above-mentioned device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to microwave devices and the field of oil-gas engineering, in particular to a method for measuring the water content of gas-liquid two-phase flow.
Background
The accurate measurement of the water content of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the natural gas has great significance for the exploitation, gathering and transportation metering, distribution and transportation stations, storage, transportation, sale, combustion equipment operation, trade settlement and the like of the natural gas. Due to the complexity of gas-liquid flow, it is difficult to accurately measure the water content in real time. The information of the water content is accurately and really obtained, so that not only can a theoretical basis be provided for stably controlling the production process of the natural gas, but also the production of finished natural gas can be ensured, the production cost is further reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced. Therefore, it is very important to find a timely and accurate moisture content measurement method. The conventional measurement method can only satisfy low accuracy, and even if high accuracy can be achieved, a lot of time and labor are consumed. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for online, rapid and accurate measurement of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the natural gas.
The microwave resonant cavity method is a relatively hot technical means for measuring water content in recent years, and scholars at home and abroad make many attempts to measure the water content of gas-liquid two-phase flow multiphase flow in the microwave resonant cavity at present, such as document [1 ]]A microwave resonant cavity with two open ends, developed by ENyfors et al of ROXAR company, measures a product Subsea Wetgas Meters of multiphase flow, measures oil-water or gas-liquid two-phase flow by adopting a TE1/210 resonance mode, and calculates the water content by adopting a wavelength and dielectric constant square root and a Bruggeman model to model. Document [2 ]]Sharma et al studied a resonant cavity with an open end, which was closed to the pipe, and used the field effect at the open end of the resonant cavity to perform comparative analysis on the two modes of the resonant cavity, TM010 mode and TM011 mode, and calculated using empirical formula and Bruggeman model method, and measured 0-5% oil-water two-phase flow by detecting the S11 parameter. Experiments show that the sensitivity of the TM011 mode is higher under two types of filling, the sensitivity of the TM011 mode of the resonant cavity is 41.0 MHz/WLR% when PEEK is filled, and the sensitivity WLR% of the TM010 mode is 3.4 MHz/WLR%. EstimatedWLR% absolute error is within 10%. [3]Al-Kizwini adopts a method of combining a mixed dielectric constant model with HFSS simulation software to calculate dispersed fluid and compare experimental data of a fundamental mode of a resonant cavity, results show that various prediction model formulas have certain difference, and Looyenga prediction provides the closest effect. The difference between the present invention and the above work is that the theoretical calculation methods given in the above papers and patents are all perturbation methods or empirical formula methods, and the present invention provides a method for calculating TM by combining electromagnetic field precise solution with mixed model0n0A novel method for measuring the gas-liquid two-phase flow phase content by a mode resonant cavity.
[1]A.Gryzlov,E.Nyfors,L.Jordaan,E.Undheim,and N.A.Braaten,"FluidMechanical Aspects of Wet Gas Metering,"presented at the the SPE Russian Oil&Gas Exploration Producrtion Technocail Conference,2012.
[2]P.Sharma,L.Lao,and G.Falcone,"A microwave cavity resonator sensorfor water-in-oil measurements,"Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,vol.262,pp.200-210,2018.
[3]M.A.Al-Kizwini,D.A.Al-Khafaj i,S.R.Wylie,and A.I.Al-Shamma’a, "Theuse of an EM mixing approach for the verification of an EM wave sensor for atwo phase(oil–water)dispersed flow,"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,vol.32,pp.35-40,2013.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas-liquid two-phase flow water content measuring device which has high measuring accuracy and can realize non-invasive online real-time measurement and provide a measuring method aiming at the problems of low accuracy, invasive type and poor real-time performance of the existing gas-liquid two-phase flow water content detecting equipment. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a gas-liquid two-phase flow water content measuring device comprises: a resonant cavity, transition pipe sections positioned at two ends of the resonant cavity, and a circuit module for measuring resonant frequency,
the resonant cavity is formed by hermetically connecting the front end of the resonant cavity with the rear end of the resonant cavity, the front end of the resonant cavity and the rear end of the resonant cavity are made of metal, the inner wall of the resonant cavity is polished by adopting a silver coating, and an embedded insulating pipe is embedded in the central axis of the resonant cavity and used for guiding gas-liquid two-phase flow fluid and preventing the fluid from permeating into a cavity space. The space formed by the resonant cavity and the embedded insulating tube is filled with embedded insulating medium.
The coupling antenna is in loop coupling with the resonant cavity to perform microwave signal feed-in coupling, is embedded into the antenna coupling hole in the outer wall of the resonant cavity, and is arranged at the strongest magnetic field position when the resonant cavity generates resonance;
the rectifier is located in the transition pipe section upstream in the flow direction;
the resonant cavity is TM0n0A mode cavity.
The rectifier is a spiral rectifier, the spiral rectifier is two spiral blades or a plurality of spiral metal blades embedded into the center of the transition pipe section and provided with metal shafts, the lift angle of the spiral rectifier is 30-60 degrees, the pitch of the spiral rectifier is 0.5-3 times of the diameter of the transition pipe section, and the diameter of the center shaft is 0.125-0.5 times of the diameter of the transition pipe section.
The rectifier can also be a layered rectifier, the layered rectifier is a wedge-shaped body embedded into the transition pipe section, the axial length of the wedge-shaped slope is 0.5-2 times of the diameter of the transition pipe section, the axial total length of the wedge-shaped slope is 2-6 times of the diameter of the transition pipe section, and the height of the wedge-shaped column is 0.2-0.8 times of the diameter of the transition pipe section.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the water content of the gas-liquid two-phase flow by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) when the gas-liquid two-phase flow fluid passes through the embedded insulating pipe, a resonance field in the resonant cavity is interfered by a fluid medium, the resonance frequency is changed, and a precise solution method and a mixed dielectric constant parallel model method are adopted for modeling. The precise field solution solves the dielectric constant, for TM, according to the measured resonance frequency0n0The mode is that five equations are obtained according to the relationship that the boundaries of the fluid and the embedded insulating pipe, the embedded insulating pipe and the embedded medium are continuous, the electric fields and the magnetic fields in different media are correspondingly equal, and the conversion relationship of the metal boundary electromagnetic field:
in the formula A1、A2、A3、A4Is the undetermined coefficient; r1For embedding the inner radius, R, of the insulating tube2For embedding the outer radius R of the insulating tube3Is the internal radius of the resonant cavity; epsilonmThe dielectric constant of the gas-liquid two-phase flow fluid mixture of the embedded insulating pipe section is epsilon2For dielectric constant of the embedded insulating tube, epsilon3Dielectric constant of the embedded insulating medium; omega is angular frequency, the relation of omega and resonant frequency is omega-2 pi f, and sigma is the metal conductivity of the resonant cavity; epsilon0Is a dielectric constant in vacuum, mu0Is a vacuum magnetic conductivity; j. the design is a square0And N0And J1And N1Respectively 0 th order and 1 st order bessel functions,
thus solving for the dielectric constant ε of the fluid mixturemAnd the relation of the resonant frequency f is measured by the resonant cavity, and the dielectric constant epsilon of the fluid mixture can be obtained by solvingm。
(2) The dielectric constant of the mixture obtained by the precise solution method is related to the water content of the gas-liquid two-phase flow by adopting a mixing formula
Performing a calculation ofmIs the dielectric constant of the mixed medium, epsilon1、ε2The dielectric constants are water and air, respectively, and phi is the water content.
(3) Establishment of TM from (1) and (2) combinations0n0The method for measuring the water content of the resonant cavity in the mode comprises the steps of measuring the resonant frequency of a certain water content through the resonant cavity and calculating the water content phi.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: a gas-liquid two-phase flow water content measuring method can overcome the defects of insufficient water content calculation precision and narrow measuring range in the prior art; in addition, the method is non-invasive measurement, does not influence the flow of fluid in a pipeline, and does not have the problem of abrasion of a sensor probe; the method is online measurement, and has good real-time performance compared with the wider application of off-line measurement; the invention has simple structure, small size, low requirement on space, easy connection and disassembly, relatively low manufacturing cost compared with the existing instrument and convenient use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention
FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of a spiral rectifier and a layered rectifier, respectively
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention of the accurate field resolution of the laminar flow and annular flow theory
FIG. 5 is a layered flow and toroidal flow electric field profile of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the circuit module connection of the present invention
FIG. 7 shows the resonant frequencies obtained when detecting different water contents according to the present invention
1-flange, 2-transition pipe section, 3-rectifier, 4-resonant cavity front end, 5-sealing bolt, 6-coupling antenna, 7-embedded insulating medium, 8-embedded insulating pipe, 9-resonant cavity rear end, 10-spiral rectifier and 11-layered rectifier
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The principle of the microwave resonant cavity for measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow is that the change of the water content can cause the change of the dielectric constant of the mixture. When the gas-water two-phase flow flows through the resonant cavity, the fluid acts on the resonant field, the change of the dielectric constant causes the change of the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity, and the measurement of the water content is realized by measuring the resonant frequency by adopting the relation between an accurate solution method and the dielectric constant of the mixture.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1, a gas-liquid two-phase flow water content measuring device of the present invention includes: the antenna comprises a flange 1, a transition pipe 2, a rectifier 3 (one of a 10-spiral rectifier and a 11-layered rectifier), a resonant cavity 4, a sealing bolt 5, a coupling antenna 6, an embedded insulating medium 7, an embedded insulating pipe 8 and a resonant cavity 9.
The front end 4 of the resonant cavity is connected with the rear end 9 of the resonant cavity by eight sealing bolts 5 to form the resonant cavity. The front end 4 and the rear end 9 of the resonant cavity are made of high-purity metal, and the inner walls of the resonant cavity are plated with silver and processed by a polishing process. The embedded insulating pipe 8 is embedded in the central axis of the front end 4 and the rear end 9 of the resonant cavity. The space formed by the resonant cavity and the embedded insulating tube 8 is filled with an embedded insulating medium 7.
The side wall of the rear end 9 of the resonant cavity is provided with a coupling hole, the circumference of the side wall is provided with another coupling hole in a 180-degree angle in a contraposition, a pair of coupling antennas 6 are respectively embedded into the two contraposition coupling holes, one coupling antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, and the other coupling antenna is used as a receiving antenna. The pair of coupled antennas 6 both extend into the cavity by 0.8R3In the embedded insulating medium 7.
The flange 1 and the transition pipe section 2 are welded at the front end 4 and the rear end 9 of the resonant cavity, the flange 1, the transition pipe section 2 and the resonant cavity are used for being connected in series in a gas-liquid two-phase flow pipeline, the rectifier 3 is arranged in the transition pipe section 2 at the upstream of the fluid flow direction, and two schemes can be adopted, namely a spiral rectifier 10 and a laminar flow rectifier 11. The spiral rectifier 10 is composed of a central shaft and spiral blades, and is composed of double spiral blades, and three spiral blades and four spiral blades are uniformly distributed on the central shaft. A lead angle of 30 to 60 degrees is used with a pitch of 0.5 to 3 times the diameter of the transition section 2. The metal central axis diameter is between 0.125 and 0.5 times the diameter of the transition section 2. The stratified flow rectifier 11 is composed of a transition pipe section 2 and a wedge embedded therein. The axial length of the wedge-shaped slope is 0.5-2 times of the diameter of the transition pipe section 2, the total axial length of the wedge-shaped slope is 2-6 times of the diameter of the transition pipe section 2, and the height of the wedge-shaped slope is 0.2-0.8 times of the diameter of the transition pipe section 2. The spiral rectifier can be designed into different blade, lead angle and pitch schemes according to working conditions. The layered rectifier is a scheme that different slopes, axial lengths, axial total lengths and heights can be designed according to working conditions.
When the gas-liquid two-phase flow enters from the transition pipe section through the front end 4 of the resonant cavityAnd when passing through the embedded insulating tube 8, the TM emitted by the coupling antenna 6 and excited in the cavity0n0The most intense part of the resonant field electric field of the mode is invaded by fluid, the resonant frequency undergoes obvious frequency shift change, and a new resonant frequency point is generated. When the water content of the gas-liquid two-phase flow fluid is gradually increased, the resonance frequency is continuously reduced, and the frequency shift quantity is gradually reduced. The resonant cavity of the invention is TM0n0The common characteristic of the series of modes of the mode resonant cavity is that the resonant electric field generated at the center of the resonant cavity is strongest, namely the mode enables the electric field in the resonant cavity to be strongest in the embedded insulating tube 8, a resonant cavity accurate solution method and a mixed dielectric constant model method are adopted for modeling to solve the mixed dielectric constant and the water content, and the principle schematic diagram of the accurate solution method is shown in figure 4. Considering the influence of a lossy medium, there are Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields:
wherein
Is the strength of the magnetic field,
is the strength of the electric field,
is the current density, μ is the permeability, ε is the dielectric constant, and ω is the angular frequency. Obtaining TM from (1)0n0Mode wave cavity electric field of
In the formula:
in the formula (II) EZIs an electric field in the Z direction,
as cylindrical coordinates
A directional magnetic field; k1、K2、K3、K4Is the undetermined coefficient; mu.s0Is a vacuum permeability of epsilon0Is a vacuum dielectric constant; epsilonmThe dielectric constant of the gas-liquid two-phase flow fluid mixture of the embedded insulating pipe section is epsilon2For dielectric constant of the embedded insulating tube, epsilon3Dielectric constant of the embedded insulating medium; j. the design is a square0And N0And J1And N1A Bessel function of order 0 and 1, respectively; r is the radius of the arc of the location at the electromagnetic field location. The invention relates to R1For embedding the inner radius, R, of the insulating tube2For embedding the outer radius R of the insulating tube3Is the internal radius of the resonant cavity; f is the resonance frequency.
For the medium epsilonmSome of the equations are as follows:
for the medium epsilon2Some of the equations are as follows:
for the medium epsilon3Some of the equations are as follows:
at the metal boundary III, the equation is as follows
Wherein ZmIs impedance of metal surface
Where ω is the angular frequency and σ is the conductivity. According to the continuity of the electromagnetic field at the boundary, at boundary I and boundary II EZAnd
respectively correspond to equal, and the boundary has the equation:
in the formula A1、A2、A3、A4Is the undetermined coefficient; (8) (9) (10) the equation can be solved to obtain the dielectric constant epsilon of the fluid mixture in the pipelinemAnd the resonant frequency f, wherein f can be measured by the resonant cavity, that is, the mixed dielectric constant epsilon of gas phase and liquid phase in the pipeline can be calculated by the formulam。
ε in formula (10)mCan be calculated from the equivalent dielectric constant model of the mixed medium:
wherein epsilonmIs the dielectric constant of the mixed medium, epsilon1、ε2The dielectric constants are water and air, respectively, and phi is the water content. Therefore, the relation between the water content and the resonant frequency of the measured two-phase flow medium can be obtained. The resonant frequency values of different water contents can be obtained by measuring the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity as shown in the figureAnd 6.
The microwave emission source in the circuit module 8 emits microwave signals in a segmented frequency sweep working mode working at a frequency band of 0.3-10GHz, and the accuracy of the sensor device can be increased along with the reduction of the step length of the frequency sweep. The power divider divides the microwave signal into two microwave signals in an equipower equiphase way, wherein one path of signal is used as a test signal and passes through the resonant cavity, the other path of signal passes through the attenuator to attenuate the signal power by a certain power value, the two paths of signals simultaneously enter the amplitude-phase detector, and the water content is obtained and displayed on the display screen through data processing calculation.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN111505024A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十八研究所 | Moisture content composite detection device and detection method based on microwave technology |
| CN113008315A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-22 | 中灌顺鑫华霖科技发展有限公司 | Microwave flowmeter and water flow measuring method |
| CN114324408A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 天津大学 | Moisture content measuring device and method based on microwave electrode sensor |
| CN115201226A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-18 | 天津大学 | A two-parameter measurement method for oil-water two-phase flow |
| CN115479957A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-12-16 | 东北大学 | A system and method for measuring solid phase concentration of gas-solid two-phase flow based on microwave resonant cavity sensor |
| CN116359252A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-06-30 | 天津大学 | Apparatus and method for measuring water content by using dual-mode resonant frequency of microwave resonator cavity |
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| CN111505024A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十八研究所 | Moisture content composite detection device and detection method based on microwave technology |
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| CN115201226A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-18 | 天津大学 | A two-parameter measurement method for oil-water two-phase flow |
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| CN116359252A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-06-30 | 天津大学 | Apparatus and method for measuring water content by using dual-mode resonant frequency of microwave resonator cavity |
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