CN111172419A - Basalt particle reinforced foam aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Basalt particle reinforced foam aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111172419A CN111172419A CN202010071372.9A CN202010071372A CN111172419A CN 111172419 A CN111172419 A CN 111172419A CN 202010071372 A CN202010071372 A CN 202010071372A CN 111172419 A CN111172419 A CN 111172419A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title abstract description 25
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001250 2024 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 cracks Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/086—Gas foaming process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a basalt particle reinforced foam aluminum alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials. Preparing a basalt/aluminum composite powder material with a core-shell structure by taking basalt particles and aluminum powder as raw materials through high-energy ball milling; then, the basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy is prepared by using the foaming agent as a tackifier through a blowing foaming method. The density of the basalt particles is similar to that of the aluminum alloy, so that the possibility of segregation of the basalt particles in an aluminum melt is reduced; the basalt/aluminum composite powder material with the core-shell structure can improve the interface bonding property of an aluminum melt and basalt particles. The basalt particle reinforced foam aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength and simple preparation process, and can realize industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced foamed aluminum alloy.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The foam metal is a novel high-strength light composite material, has the comprehensive properties of impact absorption, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, noise reduction, low thermal conductivity, high specific stiffness, electromagnetic shielding and the like, and has good application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, buildings and the like. The metal foam may be classified into open-cell metal foam and closed-cell metal foam according to the internal pore structure. The porosity of the former is above 60%, and the apertures are generally 0.8-2.0mm and are communicated with each other; the porosity of the latter is more than 80 percent, and the pore diameter is generally
The holes are not communicated with each other. The sound insulation effect in the closed-cell metal is better, so that the application field is wider. The common preparation methods of the foam metal include a melt foaming method, an air blowing foaming method, a powder metallurgy method, an electrocoating method and the like. The melt foaming method and the blowing foaming method have low preparation cost and easy control, thereby becoming the main preparation method.
Foamed aluminum alloys are an important branch of the foamed metal field. The research results in this field in japan, germany, canada, norway, etc. accelerate the commercialization process; a series of research results are obtained by units such as northeast university, China-south university, Jilin university, China academy of sciences and the like. Generally speaking, the conventional foamed aluminum alloy has low strength, and further expansion of the application field of the foamed aluminum alloy is limited to a certain extent. According to a theoretical model, the strength of the foamed aluminum alloy is greatly improved if various defects do not exist in the cell wall. However, in practice, the cell walls have defects such as pores, cracks, and particle agglomeration.
In recent years, ceramic particles (such as SiC) reinforced foamed aluminum alloys have been the focus of research, however, the interfacial bonding of ceramic particles to aluminum matrix is poor; SiC density higher than that of aluminum alloy (rho)SiCAbout 3.2g/cm3、ρAlAbout 2.7g/cm3) And uneven distribution in the aluminum alloy in the preparation process is easy to cause, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the material is influenced.
For example: patent CN201910878481.9 discloses a preparation method for improving the strength of closed-cell foamed aluminum, but the problems of basalt fiber agglomeration and poor interface bonding with an aluminum matrix exist.
Patent CN201910058579.X discloses a preparation method of a melt foaming enhanced foamed aluminum composite foaming agent, but TiH is adopted in the ball milling process2May be decomposed by heat and affect the foaming result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the existing closed-cell foamed aluminum alloy is low in mechanical property, and aiming at improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the foamed aluminum.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
mixing basalt particles with aluminum powder, ball-milling, ultrasonically cleaning, drying and screening to obtain basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure;
reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to be 20-50 ℃ above the melting point of the alloy and preserving the heat for 10-30 min;
and mixing the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure into foaming gas to form powder airflow, and introducing the powder airflow into an aluminum alloy melt for foaming and cooling to obtain the composite material.
The invention adds the aluminum alloy solution in the form of the basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure obtained by high-energy ball milling, and has the following advantages:
(1) in the high-energy ball milling process, the basalt particles and the aluminum particles form good interface combination;
(2) in the foaming process, the basalt particles are prevented from contacting the aluminum alloy melt through process control, and only the outer-layer aluminum shell with the core-shell structure is fused with the aluminum alloy melt, so that the defects can be effectively avoided;
(3) the powder with larger particles is added, so that the powder agglomeration effect caused by adding the basalt nano powder is avoided.
In some embodiments, the particle size of the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure is 1.0-10 μm. Because the density of the basalt is close to that of the aluminum alloy, the basalt density is about 2.6g/cm3-3.05g/cm3And obvious segregation cannot be generated in the smelting process, and the mechanical property of the phase diagram porosity foamed aluminum alloy is greatly improved through dispersion strengthening on the foam aluminum alloy foam wall.
In some embodiments, the addition amount of the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure is 1-3% of the total weight of the aluminum alloy smelting. The mechanical property of the foamed aluminum alloy is enhanced through the basalt particles.
In some embodiments, the mixing ratio of the basalt particles to the aluminum powder is 1: 1-10; the particle size of the basalt particles is 0.5-2.0 μm; the aluminum powder has a particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 [ mu ] m. The hardness of basalt particles is high; pure aluminum is soft, and local heat release in the high-energy ball milling process can cause the aluminum to be further softened, so that basalt particles are attached and wrapped, and a core-shell structure is formed.
The solvent for the ultrasonic cleaning is not particularly limited, and in some embodiments, the ultrasonic cleaning comprises: and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water so as to improve the cleaning efficiency.
The type of the foaming gas is not particularly limited, and in some embodiments, the foaming gas is argon, nitrogen, helium; wherein the flow rate of the powder airflow is 0.2L/s-0.5L/s; the pressure of the air chamber is 0.1-0.3MPa, the foaming is carried out naturally without controlling the time, and the foaming is naturally cooled. The foaming process has the following advantages:
(1) hydrogen in the aluminum alloy matrix can be removed in the foaming process of argon, nitrogen and helium, so that the hydrogen exists in pores of the foamed aluminum alloy in a gas form;
(2) the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure has the functions of a tackifier and a refiner, is added in a gas-flow-dividing mode, and has the advantages of large interface, high fusion speed and high powder utilization rate.
(3) The powder airflow has the stirring function and can replace the stirring process of the traditional foaming process.
The invention also provides the basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy prepared by any one of the methods. The mechanical property is improved mainly by refining the grain size of the bubble wall, but the pore size or the porosity is not reduced.
The invention also provides application of the basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy in the fields of aerospace, automobiles or buildings.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the mechanical property of the foamed aluminum alloy is enhanced through the basalt particles. The density of the basalt is close to that of the aluminum alloy, and is about 2.6g/cm3-3.05g/cm3And obvious segregation cannot be generated in the smelting process, and the mechanical property of the phase diagram porosity foamed aluminum alloy is greatly improved through dispersion strengthening on the foam aluminum alloy foam wall.
The invention adds the aluminum alloy solution in the form of the basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure obtained by high-energy ball milling, and has the following advantages:
(1) in the high-energy ball milling process, the basalt particles and the aluminum particles form good interface combination;
(2) in the foaming process, the basalt particles are prevented from contacting the aluminum alloy melt through process control, and only the outer-layer aluminum shell with the core-shell structure is fused with the aluminum alloy melt, so that the defects can be effectively avoided;
(3) the powder with larger particles is added, so that the powder agglomeration effect caused by adding the basalt nano powder is avoided.
The invention takes argon, nitrogen and helium as foaming gases, and simultaneously mixes the foaming gases into the basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure to form powder airflow. The foaming process has the following advantages:
(1) hydrogen in the aluminum alloy matrix can be removed in the foaming process of argon, nitrogen and helium, so that the hydrogen exists in pores of the foamed aluminum alloy in a gas form;
(2) the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure has the functions of a tackifier and a refiner, is added in a gas-flow-dividing mode, and has the advantages of large interface, high fusion speed and high powder utilization rate.
(3) The powder airflow has the stirring function and can replace the stirring process of the traditional foaming process.
In conclusion, the basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the basalt particle dispersion is used for strengthening the foamed aluminum alloy foam wall, and the grain size of the foamed aluminum alloy foam wall can be refined; the particles are well combined with the aluminum alloy interface, and the mechanical property of the foamed aluminum alloy with the same porosity can be greatly improved. The preparation process is simple and can realize industrial production.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and it should be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
As described in the background art, the problem that the mechanical property of the existing closed-cell foam aluminum alloy is low is solved. The invention provides a preparation method of basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy.
The invention provides a preparation method of basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing an aluminum alloy melt: heating and melting the alloy, and then preserving heat to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(2) preparing basalt particles: ball-milling basalt to obtain basalt particles, and screening to obtain particles with the particle size of 0.5-2.0 microns;
(3) preparing a basalt/aluminum composite powder material with a core-shell structure: the basalt particles and industrial pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 0.1-1.0 mu m are used as raw materials and are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-10. The high-energy ball milling is carried out by adopting a planetary ball mill, and the grinding balls are stainless steel balls. After ball milling, sequentially ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water, drying and screening to obtain the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure and the grain diameter of 1.0-10.0 mu m;
(4) melt foaming: reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to be 20-50 ℃ above the melting point of the alloy and preserving the heat for 10-30 min; argon is used as foaming gas, and basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure is mixed into the foaming gas to form powder airflow, and the powder airflow is guided into an aluminum alloy melt for foaming through a pipeline and a spray gun protected by a refractory material;
(5) cooling melt foam: and cooling the melt foam to room temperature to obtain the basalt particle reinforced foam aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure is added in an amount of 1-3% of the total melting weight of the aluminum alloy.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy.
The invention relates to a preparation method of basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy, which comprises the following specific steps: (1) preparing an aluminum alloy melt; (2) preparing basalt particles; (3) preparing a basalt/aluminum composite powder material with a core-shell structure; (4) foaming the melt; (5) the melt foam is cooled. The foam aluminum alloy prepared by the invention can greatly improve the mechanical property of the foam aluminum alloy with the same porosity.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
The porosity and mechanical property indexes of the foamed aluminum alloy in the embodiment and the comparative example are shown in the table 1. The mechanical property testing method is executed according to GB T228.1-2010.
Example 1
A preparation method of basalt particle reinforced 2024 foamed aluminum alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) heating and melting 2024 aluminum alloy, and then preserving heat to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(2) ball-milling basalt to obtain basalt particles, and screening to obtain particles with the particle size of 0.5-2.0 microns;
(3) the basalt particles and industrial pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 0.1-1.0 mu m are used as raw materials and are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1. And (4) carrying out high-energy ball milling by adopting a planetary ball mill, wherein the milling balls are stainless steel balls. After ball milling, sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water, drying and screening to obtain basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure and a particle size of 2.0-5.0 mu m;
(4) the temperature of the 2024 aluminum alloy melt is 670 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 10 min; argon is used as foaming gas, and simultaneously the argon is mixed into the basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure to form powder airflow, and the powder airflow is introduced into the aluminum alloy melt through a pipeline and a spray gun protected by refractory materials to foam (the powder airflow flow is 0.3L/s; the pressure of an air chamber is 0.2MPa, the powder airflow is foamed naturally, the time does not need to be controlled, and the powder airflow is naturally cooled after foaming); wherein the addition amount of the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure is 1 percent of the total weight of the 2024 aluminum alloy melt.
(5) And cooling the melt foam to room temperature to obtain the basalt particle reinforced foam aluminum alloy.
Example 2
A preparation method of basalt particle reinforced foam A356 aluminum alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) heating and melting A356 aluminum alloy, and then preserving heat to obtain an aluminum melt;
(2) ball-milling basalt to obtain basalt particles, and screening to obtain particles with the particle size of 0.5-2.0 microns;
(3) the basalt particles and industrial pure aluminum powder with the particle size of 0.1-1.0 mu m are used as raw materials and are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10. And (4) carrying out high-energy ball milling by adopting a planetary ball mill, wherein the milling balls are stainless steel balls. After ball milling, sequentially ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water, drying and screening to obtain basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure and a particle size of 2.0-10 mu m;
(4) keeping the temperature of the A356 aluminum melt at 660 ℃ for 30 min; argon is used as foaming gas, and the basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure is mixed at the same time to form powder airflow, and the powder airflow is guided into an aluminum alloy melt through a pipeline and a spray gun protected by a refractory material to foam (the powder airflow flow is 0.3L/s; the pressure of an air chamber is 0.2MPa, the powder airflow is foamed naturally, the time does not need to be controlled, and the powder airflow is naturally cooled after foaming); wherein the adding amount of the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure is 3 percent of the total weight of the aluminum melt.
(5) And cooling the melt foam to room temperature to obtain the basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the 2024 foamed aluminum alloy of comparative example 1 was prepared without reinforcement by basalt particles and only 1 wt.% of pure aluminum powder was used as a tackifier.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that 0.5 wt.% pure aluminum powder is used as the tackifier and 0.5 wt.% basalt particles with the particle size of 0.2-0.5 μm are added in the preparation process of the 2024 foamed aluminum alloy of the comparative example 2; but the basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure is not added.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that 1 wt.% of the basalt/aluminum composite powder of core-shell structure was directly added during the preparation of the 2024 foamed aluminum alloy of comparative example 3, instead of being added in the form of a powder stream in which the powder was mixed with argon gas.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the example 2 is that the A356 foamed aluminum alloy of the comparative example 4 is prepared by the traditional blowing foaming method, and pure aluminum powder is used as the tackifier.
TABLE 1 Properties of foamed aluminum alloys
Comparing the properties of the foamed aluminum alloys of the examples and comparative examples, it can be seen that: the compressive yield strength of the foamed aluminum alloy prepared by the invention is obviously superior to that of the alloy with the same porosity in the comparative example.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some of them can be substituted. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive changes by those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing basalt particles with aluminum powder, ball-milling, ultrasonically cleaning, drying and screening to obtain basalt/aluminum composite powder with a core-shell structure;
reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to be 20-50 ℃ above the melting point of the alloy and preserving the heat for 10-30 min;
and mixing the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure into foaming gas to form powder airflow, and introducing the powder airflow into an aluminum alloy melt for foaming and cooling to obtain the composite material.
2. The preparation method of the basalt particle-reinforced foamed aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure is 1.0-10 μm.
3. The preparation method of the basalt particle-reinforced foamed aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the basalt/aluminum composite powder with the core-shell structure is 1-3% of the total melting weight of the aluminum alloy.
4. The method for preparing the basalt particle-reinforced foamed aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the basalt particles to the aluminum powder is 1:1 to 10.
5. The method for preparing the basalt particle-reinforced foamed aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the basalt particles is 0.5 to 2.0 μm.
6. The method for producing a basalt particle-reinforced foamed aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum powder has a particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 μm.
7. The method of preparing a basalt particle-reinforced foamed aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning comprises: ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water.
8. The method of making a basalt particle-reinforced foamed aluminum alloy of claim 1, the foaming gas being argon.
9. A basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy, characterized in that the basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy is produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the basalt particle reinforced foamed aluminum alloy of claim 9 in the aerospace, automotive or construction field.
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