CN111172393A - A method for supergravity separation of Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy - Google Patents
A method for supergravity separation of Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111172393A CN111172393A CN201910822302.XA CN201910822302A CN111172393A CN 111172393 A CN111172393 A CN 111172393A CN 201910822302 A CN201910822302 A CN 201910822302A CN 111172393 A CN111172393 A CN 111172393A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0056—Scrap treating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
- C22B21/0069—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B25/00—Obtaining tin
- C22B25/06—Obtaining tin from scrap, especially tin scrap
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超重力分离Al‑Sn‑Cu三元合金的方法，首先将Al‑Sn‑Cu三元合金加热至700～1000℃，确保铝与锡成液态，铜仍然保持固态，然后倒入离心机，将超重力系数设置为0～150G，进行超重力分离，即可实现Al‑Sn与Cu的分离；继续对Al‑Sn合金降温至300～600℃，确保锡成液态，铝冷凝成固态，并将超重力系数调至150～300G后进行超重力分离，即可实现Al‑Sn分离。本发明利用超重力实现了Al‑Sn‑Cu三元合金的有效分离，该过程为物理过程，优点是效率高、能耗低、对环境友好、操作简单、普适性高、易实现工业化。
The invention discloses a method for supergravity separation of Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy. First, the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy is heated to 700-1000 DEG C to ensure that aluminum and tin are in a liquid state, and copper remains in a solid state, and then Pour it into the centrifuge, set the supergravity coefficient to 0-150G, and carry out supergravity separation to achieve the separation of Al-Sn and Cu; continue to cool the Al-Sn alloy to 300-600 °C to ensure that the tin is in a liquid state and the aluminum Al-Sn separation can be achieved by condensing into a solid state and adjusting the supergravity coefficient to 150-300G for supergravity separation. The invention utilizes supergravity to realize the effective separation of Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy, the process is a physical process, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, simple operation, high universality, and easy industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pyrometallurgy of nonferrous metals, and particularly relates to a method for separating an Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy by virtue of supergravity.
Background
The automobile is used as a symbol of modern material civilization, which brings great changes to human life, but with the vigorous development of the automobile industry, the waste automobile also generates great negative pressure on the living environment of human beings, wherein the waste automobile engine is taken as the main part. The engine is used as a core component of an automobile and faces a recycling challenge in the process of constructing an automobile green industry chain, and the influence of the engine on resources, energy and environment is the first problem that green development should be clear. In order to relieve the contradiction between resource shortage and resource waste and reduce the harm of a large number of scrapped automobile engines to the environment, the recycling research of the waste automobile engines must be focused on by utilizing the engines in the waste automobiles to the maximum extent, and the recycling is the premise of reusing and remanufacturing the engines and recycling materials.
The automobile engine mainly comprises aluminum alloy, wherein the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy accounts for a large proportion. For the treatment of the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy, no clean and efficient treatment method exists at present. The aluminum slag generated in the tin metallurgy process is mainly separated from tin and aluminum through soda roasting, leaching and electric furnace smelting, copper is mainly removed through a step of adding sulfur and removing copper, fire refining is required to be carried out before the electric furnace smelting so as to remove impurities such as arsenic, iron, lead and the like, the copper slag generated by adding sulfur and removing copper has no effective open circuit, and the processes have the defects of long roasting time, serious environmental pollution, high energy consumption and the like. The Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy is centrifugally separated by the supergravity, so that the process is simple to process, the separation is fast, and no pollution is caused.
In patent No. CN201310416429.4, a method for separating vanadium resources from vanadium slag by supergravity, the method comprises the following steps: step one, cooling the molten vanadium slag at a cooling rate of less than 2 ℃/min within a temperature range of 1300-1200 ℃ to obtain heat-treated vanadium slag; and step two, carrying out centrifugal supergravity separation on the heat-treated vanadium slag. Refined vanadium slag with 75-90% grade of vanadium iron spinel can be obtained after centrifugal supergravity separation, and the recovery rate of vanadium in the vanadium slag can reach 80-85%. In patent No. CN201310416337.6, a method for separating rare earth resources from rare earth slag by supergravity, the method comprises the following steps: step one, cooling the molten rare earth slag at a cooling rate of less than 2 ℃/min within a temperature range of 1300-1150 ℃ to obtain heat-treated rare earth slag; and step two, carrying out centrifugal supergravity separation on the heat-treated rare earth slag. Rare earth concentrate with 80-93% grade of cerium fluosilicate can be obtained after centrifugal supergravity separation, and the recovery rate of rare earth in the concentrate can reach 85-90%. In patent No. CN201810022649.1, a method for quickly separating metallic copper from copper slag at low temperature by supergravity comprises two consecutive steps: step one, in the slag tapping process of copper smelting slag, 3% -5% of carbon powder is added into the slag as a reducing agent according to the content of Fe3O4 in the slag, so that magnetite particles in the slag are reduced into ferrous oxide, and the ferrous oxide and silicon dioxide in the slag form a fayalite phase with a low melting point; step two, continuously adding the copper slag melt into a supergravity reactor through a diversion system, and controlling the temperature of the copper slag to 1150-1250 ℃; then starting a centrifugal rotation system, driving the hypergravity reactor to carry out centrifugal rotation through a motor, controlling the gravity coefficient to be 400-1000G and the separation time to be 3-5min, and driving reverse migration and respective aggregation between the metal copper and the slag due to density difference through the hypergravity generated by the centrifugal rotation; finally, the metal copper enriched to the bottom layer of the furnace tube is continuously discharged through the copper discharge port, and the iron-rich slag enriched to the upper layer of the furnace tube is continuously discharged through the slag discharge port, so that the continuous separation between copper and slag is realized. The above patent mainly aims at the metal-slag separation, the required temperature is high, the process needs cooling and the time consumption is long, the method processes the metal melt and the slag phase, and the defects of small application range, complex process, difficult operation and the like exist. In patent No. CN108950246A, the alloy containing Ag and Sn is first melted, magnesium powder is then added into the melted alloy containing Ag and Sn, argon is introduced for gas protection, eccentric mechanical stirring is carried out, after the magnesium powder is completely melted, the stirring is stopped, and the melt is subjected to centrifugal supergravity separation to obtain the tin alloy and the high-Ag-Sn-Mg alloy with obvious layering. The process needs to add coal dust, and is complex and low in safety factor.
The present invention has been made in view of this situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for separating Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy by using supergravity, which realizes effective separation of the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy by using the supergravity, is a physical process, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, simplicity in operation, high universality and easiness in industrialization.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for separating an Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy through supergravity comprises the steps of firstly heating the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy to 700-1000 ℃ to ensure that aluminum and tin are in a liquid state and copper still keeps a solid state, then pouring the liquid into a centrifugal machine, setting a supergravity coefficient to be 0-150G, and performing supergravity separation to realize separation of Al-Sn and Cu; and continuously cooling the Al-Sn alloy to 300-600 ℃, ensuring that the tin is in a liquid state, condensing the aluminum into a solid state, adjusting the overweight coefficient to 150-300G, and then carrying out supergravity separation to realize the separation of the Al-Sn. Further, the specific steps are as follows:
step 1, firstly heating the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy to 700-1000 ℃ to ensure that aluminum and tin are in a liquid state and copper still keeps a solid state.
And 2, pouring the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy into a centrifuge, setting the overweight coefficient to be 0-150G, and carrying out hypergravity separation to realize the separation of Al-Sn and Cu.
And 3, continuously cooling the Al-Sn alloy to 300-600 ℃, ensuring that tin is in a liquid state, condensing aluminum into a solid state, adjusting the overweight coefficient to 150-300G, and carrying out supergravity separation to realize the separation of Al-Sn.
Further, the purity of aluminum in the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy in the step 1 is as follows: 70-85%.
Further, the purity of tin in the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy in the step 1 is as follows: 10 to 25 percent.
Further, the purity of copper in the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy in the step 1 is as follows: 0 to 5 percent.
Further, the rotation angular speed of the supergravity centrifuge in the steps 2 and 3 is as follows: 0 to 3500 rad/min.
Further, the overweight coefficient in the step 2 is as follows: 0 to 300G.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
(1) The method has the advantages that the effective separation of the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy is realized by utilizing the supergravity, the process is a physical process, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, simplicity in operation, high universality and easiness in realization of industrialization.
(2) Centrifugal hypergravity is a clean and green new technology, and achieves multiphase flow transmission under the action of a centrifugal force field, so that different components in a melt are enriched in different areas, and the purpose of separation is achieved.
(3) In the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy, aluminum, tin and copper are in different states in different temperature areas, density difference exists between liquid and solid, and the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy is separated due to different centrifugal forces under a supergravity field.
(4) The method provides a new method for separating the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy in the crude tin refining process, has low energy consumption, is safe and reliable, reduces the production cost, improves the working efficiency of crude tin refining, and brings huge economic benefits for enterprises.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to its proper form. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for separating the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy by virtue of the hypergravity comprises the steps of heating the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy to 700-1000 ℃ to ensure that aluminum and tin are in a liquid state and copper still keeps a solid state, pouring the liquid into a centrifugal machine, setting the hypergravity coefficient to be 0-150G, and carrying out the hypergravity separation, so that the separation of Al-Sn and Cu can be realized; and continuously cooling the Al-Sn alloy to 300-600 ℃, ensuring that the tin is in a liquid state, condensing the aluminum into a solid state, adjusting the overweight coefficient to 150-300G, and then carrying out supergravity separation to realize the separation of the Al-Sn.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, firstly, 0.5kg of Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy (containing 80.6 percent of aluminum, 17.1 percent of tin and 2.3 percent of copper) is heated to 700 ℃ to ensure that the aluminum and the tin are in a liquid state and the copper still keeps a solid state.
And 2, pouring the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy into a centrifuge, setting the overweight coefficient to be 0-150G, and carrying out supergravity separation to obtain the crude copper in the solid enrichment area, wherein the purity of the crude copper is 49.2%.
And 3, continuously cooling the Al-Sn alloy to 300-600 ℃, ensuring that the tin is in a liquid state, condensing the aluminum into a solid state, adjusting the overweight force coefficient to 150-300G, and carrying out supergravity separation to obtain crude aluminum in a solid enrichment area, wherein the purity of the crude aluminum is 92.7%, and the purity of the crude tin is 65.7% in a liquid enrichment area.
Example 2
The method for separating the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy by virtue of the hypergravity comprises the steps of heating the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy to 700-1000 ℃ to ensure that aluminum and tin are in a liquid state and copper still keeps a solid state, pouring the liquid into a centrifugal machine, setting the hypergravity coefficient to be 0-150G, and carrying out the hypergravity separation, so that the separation of Al-Sn and Cu can be realized; and continuously cooling the Al-Sn alloy to 300-600 ℃, ensuring that the tin is in a liquid state, condensing the aluminum into a solid state, adjusting the overweight coefficient to 150-300G, and then carrying out supergravity separation to realize the separation of the Al-Sn.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, firstly, 0.5kg of Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy (containing 80.6 percent of aluminum, 17.1 percent of tin and 2.3 percent of copper) is heated to 1000 ℃, so that the aluminum and the tin are in a liquid state, and the copper still keeps a solid state.
And 2, pouring the Al-Sn-Cu ternary alloy into a centrifuge, setting the overweight coefficient to be 0-150G, and carrying out supergravity separation to obtain the crude copper in the solid enrichment area, wherein the purity of the crude copper is 36.5%.
And 3, continuously cooling the Al-Sn alloy to 300-600 ℃, ensuring that the tin is in a liquid state, condensing the aluminum into a solid state, adjusting the overweight force coefficient to 150-300G, and carrying out supergravity separation to obtain crude aluminum in a solid enrichment area, wherein the purity of the crude aluminum is 89.3%, and the purity of the crude tin is 69.9% in a liquid enrichment area.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
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| CN113913621A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-01-11 | 内蒙古君成科技有限公司 | Method for preparing Al-Si-Fe alloy by using high-aluminum coal gangue and purifying Al-Si-Fe alloy in grades |
| CN114480890A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-13 | 内蒙古君成科技有限公司 | Method for remelting, centrifuging, separating and purifying aluminum-silicon-iron alloy at low temperature and high temperature in two steps |
| CN114480891A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-13 | 内蒙古君成科技有限公司 | Method for extracting aluminum-silicon alloy from aluminum-silicon-iron alloy |
| CN114480855A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-13 | 内蒙古君成科技有限公司 | Method for preparing ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy by using high-alumina fly ash and purifying ferro-silicon-aluminum alloy in grading mode |
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| CN114480891A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-13 | 内蒙古君成科技有限公司 | Method for extracting aluminum-silicon alloy from aluminum-silicon-iron alloy |
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| CN113913621B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2023-09-15 | 内蒙古君成科技有限公司 | Method for preparing aluminum-silicon-iron alloy by using high-aluminum gangue and purifying in grading manner |
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