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CN111169115A - 装饰保温一体外墙挂板 - Google Patents

装饰保温一体外墙挂板 Download PDF

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CN111169115A
CN111169115A CN202010027982.9A CN202010027982A CN111169115A CN 111169115 A CN111169115 A CN 111169115A CN 202010027982 A CN202010027982 A CN 202010027982A CN 111169115 A CN111169115 A CN 111169115A
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parts
layer
heat
weight
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杨建坡
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Quyang Kaixin Garden Sculpture Co Ltd
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Quyang Kaixin Garden Sculpture Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于建筑外墙挂板的技术领域，具体涉及一种装饰保温一体外墙挂板，本发明外墙挂板包括依次设置的装饰面层、结构层、保温层和带有预埋件的镀锌钢架，所述预埋件穿过保温层伸入结构层中，在装饰面层的外表面涂刷一层防护层，所述防护层原料，按重量份数计，包括纯丙乳液80‑90份、聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂18‑21份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5‑8份、羟乙基纤维素12‑15份、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯25‑30份、2‑丙烯酰胺基‑2‑甲基丙磺酸15‑20份、正十二烷基硫醇8‑10份、水70‑100份。本发明解决了传统保温一体板保温易分层的问题，具备防水、防覆冰、保温、防火、高强度、自修复、耐磨和耐雨水冲刷等性能。

Description

装饰保温一体外墙挂板
技术领域
本发明属于建筑外墙挂板的技术领域，涉及一种一体外挂墙板，具体涉及一种装饰保温一体外墙挂板，解决了传统保温一体板保温易分层的问题，应用在外界环境中，具备耐磨和耐雨水冲刷性能。
背景技术
建筑工业化是通过现代化的制造、运输、安装和科学管理的大工业的生产方式，来代替传统建筑业中分散的、低水平的、低效率的手工业生产方式。也有人把建筑工业化归纳为六化，即连续化、标准化、集团化、规模化、一体化、机械化，即以技术为先导，采用先进、适用的技术和装备，在建筑标准化的基础上，发展建筑构配件、制品和设备的生产，培育技术服务体系和市场的中介机构，使建筑业生产、经营活动逐步走上专业化、社会化道路。防火保温装饰一体板作为建筑工业化的一个重要分支，具备十分重要的研究意义。
现有的外墙挂板主要有石材外墙挂板、纤维水泥外墙挂板等；其中石材外墙挂板具有外墙挂板所要求的大部分功能，也被许多建筑所使用。石材外墙挂板的缺陷，一是有些石材有辐射，会对人体造成一定的伤害；二是石材是不可再生资源，价格昂贵；三是重量大，对外墙墙体和钢结构的要求较高。纤维水泥板用于外墙在国外已经很普遍，但在国内刚刚兴起，纤维水泥外墙板防火防腐、保温隔热、抗老化、无辐射，并且造价低、节能环保、施工简便，同时易于雕刻并能营造出朴素自然的建筑风格，已在一些国家级工程中开始使用，如上海世博会中国主题馆、公安部羽毛球馆等。随着社会的进步，纤维水泥外墙挂板将越来越多地使用于各种建筑墙体，并像国外一样成为建筑的主流。
现有一体外挂墙板还存在的缺陷有：(1)现在市场上的一体板大多采用湿贴一体板施工方法，存在脱落的风险；(2)一体板表面造型单一，装饰效果不好。基于此，针对一体外挂墙板的研究具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述问题，提供了一种装饰保温一体外墙挂板，本发明的装饰保温一体外挂墙板不易分层，具有防水、防覆冰、保温、防火、高强度的特点，还具备耐磨和耐雨水冲刷性能。
本发明为实现其目的采用的技术方案是：装饰保温一体外墙挂板，所述外墙挂板包括依次设置的装饰面层、结构层、保温层和带有预埋件的镀锌钢架，所述预埋件穿过保温层伸入结构层中，关键在于，在装饰面层的外表面涂刷一层防护层，所述防护层原料，按重量份数计，包括纯丙乳液80-90份、聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂18-21份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5-8份、羟乙基纤维素12-15份、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯25-30份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸15-20份、正十二烷基硫醇8-10份、水70-100份。
进一步地，所述的装饰面层，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥1-2份、颜料石0.5-1份、骨料2.5-4份、水1-2.5份。
进一步地，所述的结构层，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥1-10份、抗碱纤维0.5-2.5份、水1.5-5份。
进一步地，所述的保温层的原料，按质量份数计，包括硅酸盐水泥90-120份，粉煤灰30-34份，发泡剂0.2-0.6份，聚羧酸减水剂0.1-0.5份，苯板颗粒8-15份，水50-60份。
进一步地，所述的装饰面层的厚度为3-12mm，结构层的厚度为20-30mm，保温层的厚度为90-150mm。
进一步地，所述的高强水泥为强度等级大于C60的混凝土。
进一步地，所述的预埋件呈“几”字形结构。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明装饰保温一体挂板，解决了外墙湿贴保温挂板易脱落的风险，改变了传统挂板造型单一的特点，本挂板可以做出客户想要的任何造型。制作时装饰层、结构层、保温层一同施工，使得面层、结构层、保温层和安装钢架是一体成型的，解决了传统保温一体板保温易分层的问题。另外面层造型中加入了各种颜色的石材废料和建筑垃圾粉碎成的骨料，从而为环保作贡献。
本发明装饰保温一体挂板具有防水、防覆冰、保温、防火、高强度的特点，通过各层的设计，装饰面层具备耐磨和耐雨水冲刷等防护性能，结构层具备抗压和抗折性，保温层达到保温、防火、高强度的目的，制作时面层结构层和保温层一同施工，保证了产品的整体性，避免了二次粘接造成施工浪费和脱落风险。
装饰保温挂板应用在外界环境中，长期受风沙、雨水等环境损伤，本发明通过在装饰面层表面涂刷或喷涂一层防护层，在纯丙乳液的基础上，加入聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯配合使用，用于提高防护层的整体性能，主要体现在微小细纹自修复方面，提高耐磨性和耐雨水冲刷性面对风沙或其他杂物冲击造成的微小裂纹，防护层可自行修复，避免微小裂纹扩展为大的裂痕，延长保温板的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中装饰保温一体外墙挂板的后视图。
图2是本发明实施例1中装饰保温一体外墙挂板的结构示意图。
附图中，1、镀锌钢架，2、预埋件，3、保温层，4、结构层，5、装饰面层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
一、具体实施例
如图1和图2所示，本发明的装饰保温一体外墙挂板包括依次设置的装饰面层5、结构层4、保温层3和带有预埋件的镀锌钢架1，所述预埋件2呈“几”字形结构，穿过保温层伸入结构层中，在装饰面层的外表面涂刷一层防护层，提高墙板的耐磨性和耐雨水冲刷性。具体如下所述：
实施例1
装饰保温一体外墙挂板包括依次设置的装饰面层5、结构层4、保温层3和带有预埋件的镀锌钢架1，所述预埋件2呈“几”字形结构，穿过保温层3伸入结构层4中，上述装饰保温一体外墙挂板，在装饰面层5的外表面涂刷一层防护层；所述防护层原料，按重量份数计，包括纯丙乳液80份、聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂21份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份、羟乙基纤维素15份、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯25份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸20份、正十二烷基硫醇8份、水100份；所述装饰面层5，按重量份数计，高强水泥1份、颜料石0.5份、骨料4份、水2.5份，所述的高强水泥为强度等级大于C60的混凝土；所述结构层，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥10份、抗碱纤维0.5份、水5份；所述保温层3的原料，按质量份数计，包括硅酸盐水泥120份，粉煤灰30份，发泡剂0.6份，聚羧酸减水剂0.1份，苯板颗粒15份，水50份。
上述装饰面层5的厚度为9mm，结构层的厚度为27mm，保温层3的厚度为150mm。装饰面层5使用了高强度水泥，另外加入了各种颜色的石材废料和建筑垃圾粉碎成的骨料，并使用了装饰模具一体成型，可同时具备美观性和一定的抗压抗折性；结构层4使用高强度水泥加抗碱纤维，大幅提高一体化墙体的强度，并且结构层4中预埋的用镀锌角钢制作而成的整体安装钢架，尺寸比保温厚度略高，方便安装，提高了整个墙体单元的连接强度。保温层3是用高强度发泡水泥加笨板颗粒制作而成，通过保温层的成分设计，达到了保温，防火，高强度的目的。
具体的，首先在工厂分别预制中部带有保温层3的镀锌钢架1，结构层4、预涂有防护层的装饰面层5，应用于施工时，中部带有保温层3的镀锌钢架1和装饰面层5、结构层4一同组装施工，保证了产品的整体性，避免了二次粘接保温层造成施工浪费和脱落风险。
实施例2
装饰保温一体外墙挂板包括依次设置的装饰面层5、结构层4、保温层3和带有预埋件的镀锌钢架1，所述预埋件2呈“几”字形结构，穿过保温层3伸入结构层4中，上述装饰保温一体外墙挂板，在装饰面层的外表面涂刷一层防护层；所述防护层原料，按重量份数计，包括纯丙乳液90份、聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂18份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷8份、羟乙基纤维素12份、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯30份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸20份、正十二烷基硫醇8份、水100份；所述装饰面层，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥2份、颜料石1份、骨料2.5份、水1份，所述的高强水泥为强度等级大于C60的混凝土；所述结构层，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥1份、抗碱纤维2.5份、水1.5份；所述保温层的原料，按质量份数计，包括硅酸盐水泥100份，粉煤灰32份，发泡剂0.5份，聚羧酸减水剂0.4份，苯板颗粒10份，水55份。
上述装饰面层5的厚度为10mm，结构层4的厚度为30mm，保温层3的厚度为90mm。
通过在装饰面层5表面涂刷或喷涂一层防护层，在纯丙乳液的基础上，加入聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯配合使用，用于提高防护层的整体性能，主要体现在微小细纹自修复方面，提高耐磨性和耐雨水冲刷性面对风沙或其他杂物冲击造成的微小裂纹，防护层可自行修复，避免微小裂纹扩展为大的裂痕，延长保温板的使用寿命。
实施例3
装饰保温一体外墙挂板包括依次设置的装饰面层5、结构层4、保温层3和带有预埋件的镀锌钢架1，所述预埋件2呈“几”字形结构，穿过保温层3伸入结构层4中，上述装饰保温一体外墙挂板，在装饰面层5的外表面涂刷一层防护层；所述防护层原料，按重量份数计，包括纯丙乳液85份、聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂20份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷6份、羟乙基纤维素14份、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯28份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸18份、正十二烷基硫醇9份、水80份；所述装饰面层5，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥1.5份、颜料石0.8份、骨料3份、水2份，所述的高强水泥为强度等级大于C60的混凝土；所述结构层4，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥5份、抗碱纤维1份、水4份；所述保温层3的原料，按质量份数计，包括硅酸盐水泥90份，粉煤灰34份，发泡剂0.2份，聚羧酸减水剂0.5份，苯板颗粒8份，水60份。
上述装饰面层5的厚度为3mm，结构层4的厚度为25mm，保温层3的厚度为120mm。
实施例4
装饰保温一体外墙挂板包括依次设置的装饰面层5、结构层4、保温层3和带有预埋件的镀锌钢架1，所述预埋件2呈“几”字形结构，穿过保温层3伸入结构层4中，上述装饰保温一体外墙挂板，在装饰面层5的外表面涂刷一层防护层；所述防护层原料，按重量份数计，包括纯丙乳液88份、聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂18份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷7份、羟乙基纤维素13份、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯27份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸19份、正十二烷基硫醇8份、水90份；所述装饰面层5，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥1份、颜料石1份、骨料2.5份、水2份，所述的高强水泥为强度等级大于C60的混凝土；所述结构层4，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥5份、抗碱纤维0.5份、水3份；所述保温层3的原料，按质量份数计，包括硅酸盐水泥110份，粉煤灰33份，发泡剂0.4份，聚羧酸减水剂0.3份，苯板颗粒12份，水56份。
上述装饰面层5的厚度为12mm，结构层4的厚度为20mm，保温层3的厚度为150mm。
对照例
以实施例1为例，区别仅在于没有设置防护层。
二、应用试验
1、板体性能检测
按照JC/T2200-2013对上述实施例1-4进行干表观密度、导热系数、抗压强度、体积吸水率燃烧等级进行测试，按照GB/T19250-2013对防护层的耐磨性和耐冲击性进行试验，按照GB/T19755-2014对防护层的耐洗刷性(1000次)进行试验，结果如表1。
表1
Figure BDA0002363170350000081
由表1可知，本发明实施例1-4总热值＜3.0MJ/kg，达到建筑材料燃烧等级A1级难燃等级要求。
在雾凇条件下，放置墙板24h，实施例1-4所制备的墙板防护层表面无冰冻，可见本发明墙板具有优异的防覆冰性能。
2、防护层的防护作用
以实施例1为例砂石对制作好的装饰保温一体板进行风沙模拟试验，以没有防护层的装饰保温一体板进行对照。用鼓风机冲撒砂石2小时，模拟在风沙条件，沙子对板体表面进行磨砂、敲打，停止鼓风，观察在板体表面形成的微小裂痕。
观察结果如下：
(1)实施例1：在板体表面产生数条肉眼可观察到的微小划痕，划痕未深入到装饰面层。
(2)对比例：在板体表面产生数条肉眼可观察到的微小划痕，划痕未深入到结构层。
选择30mm×30mm的一块范围作为统计，表面划痕分别为实施例1板体8条，对比例7条，用抹布清洁板体表面的砂石，同时用抹布对划痕沿一个方向抹擦3次，静置30min，观察板体的划痕情况：实施例1板体基本无肉眼可见的划痕，对比例板体仍为7条。
将上述板体表面洒水，保持环境湿度80％，放置一夜，然后用烤灯烘干1小时，观察板体情况：实施例1板体无变化，对比例板体划痕明显变大。
由此可见，本发明的防护层有自修复的功能，可明显增强板体对恶劣环境的适应，提高板体的性能，延长板体使用寿命，降低板体的潜在风险。
将上述板体再次进行性能检测，检测结果如下：
Figure BDA0002363170350000091
在雾凇条件下，放置墙板24h，实施例1所制备的墙板防护层表面仍然无冰冻，可见本发明墙板具有优异的防覆冰性能。

Claims (7)

1.装饰保温一体外墙挂板，所述外墙挂板包括依次设置的装饰面层(5)、结构层(4)、保温层(3)和带有预埋件(2)的镀锌钢架(1)，所述预埋件(2)穿过保温层(3)伸入结构层(4)中，其特征在于，在装饰面层(5)的外表面涂刷一层防护层，所述防护层原料，按重量份数计，包括纯丙乳液80-90份、聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂18-21份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5-8份、羟乙基纤维素12-15份、乙烯基烷氧基磷酸酯25-30份、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸15-20份、正十二烷基硫醇8-10份、水70-100份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装饰保温一体外墙挂板，其特征在于，所述的装饰面层(5)，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥1-2份、颜料石0.5-1份、骨料2.5-4份、水1-2.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装饰保温一体外墙挂板，其特征在于，所述的结构层(4)，按重量份数计，包括高强水泥1-10份、抗碱纤维0.5-2.5份、水1.5-5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装饰保温一体外墙挂板，其特征在于，所述的保温层(3)的原料，按质量份数计，包括硅酸盐水泥90-120份，粉煤灰30-34份，发泡剂0.2-0.6份，聚羧酸减水剂0.1-0.5份，苯板颗粒8-15份，水50-60份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装饰保温一体外墙挂板，其特征在于，所述的装饰面层(5)的厚度为3-12mm，结构层(4)的厚度为20-30mm，保温层(3)的厚度为90-150mm。
6.根据权利要求2或3所述的装饰保温一体外墙挂板，其特征在于，所述的高强水泥为强度等级大于C60的混凝土。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装饰保温一体外墙挂板，其特征在于，所述的预埋件(2)呈“几”字形结构。
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