CN111138163A - 一种有效成分缓释陶粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有效成分缓释陶粒及其制备方法,所述有效成分缓释陶粒为利用被缓释物质为内核,在外包覆无机材料形成壳的有效成分缓释陶粒,将准备好被缓释物质经预处理后添加辅助材料制备成内核,将内核通过圆盘式造粒机包裹无机材料,然后进行烧结或养护,在烧结或养护结束后,可根据其使用环境或缓释要求,进行表面处理,制得有效成分缓释陶粒;本发明通过利用具有多孔性特点的无机材料作为壳,然后包覆被缓释物质形成的内核,可以根据不同的应用场景通过改变孔隙率、孔径和表面处理的方式内核里面的被缓释物质有效成分按照一定的速率渗出,也可以让内核外部液体缓慢渗入至内核,让内核里的被缓释物质溶解进入环境,起到长期有效的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料生产技术领域,尤其涉及一种有效成分缓释陶粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
缓释技术即采取特定措施在一定时间内减缓特定活性物质的释放,使其在体系内维持一定有效浓度,此体系内的活性物质作用时间长、利用率高,使得缓释产品具有环保性、稳定性。缓释技术较早应用于医学领域药物的研发,后渐渐应用于化肥、农药、化工等领域。通常根据活性组分与缓释剂是否发生化学反应,将其分为物理缓释系统与化学缓释系统,物理缓释系统主要应用包括在农业领域,将农药包覆在凹凸棒土、粉煤灰、生物质炭等材料中,让农药在一定的时间保持一定的释放量,避免农药因为风吹、日晒、雨淋等自然环境因素造成大量的损失;在医药领域,缓释材料作为药物传递的组件、膜材、骨架,将药物以一定的速率输送到病患部位,并在体内维持一定的浓度,让药物在病灶部位释放,起到药物应有的效果,在医药领域,将药物与缓释材料结合将使药物缓慢的在体内释放,让药物的作用时间更长,避免了过量用药,如布洛芬缓释片;化学缓释系统主要应用在环境治理领域,例如使用缓释型K2FeO4联合H2O2氧化降解晚期垃圾渗滤液,经研究表明缓释型K2FeO4与高铁酸钾相比在酸性条件下稳定性更强,对渗滤液的去除效果更高,缓释型K2FeO4与H2O2具有协同作用可以将COD Cr的去除率提高15%。
缓释技术是一个交叉的研究领域,目前主要应用在对价格不敏感的药物领域,或对产品效果要求不高的农业肥料领域,如何将缓释技术应用到陶粒制备技术领域具有广阔的发展前景,因此,本发明提出一种有效成分缓释陶粒及其制备方法,以解决现有技术中的不足之处。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提出一种有效成分缓释陶粒及其制备方法,通过利用具有多孔性特点的无机材料作为壳,然后包覆被缓释物质形成的内核,可以根据不同的应用场景通过改变孔隙率、孔径和表面处理的方式内核里面的被缓释物质有效成分按照一定的速率渗出,也可以让内核外部液体缓慢渗入至内核,让内核里的被缓释物质溶解进入环境,起到长期有效的目的。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种有效成分缓释陶粒,所述有效成分缓释陶粒为利用被缓释物质为内核,在外包覆无机材料形成壳的有效成分缓释陶粒。
进一步改进在于:所述无机材料包括但不限于可烧制成型的无机材料或无机胶凝材料,所述可烧制成型的无机材料包括但不限于黏土、污泥、煤矸石、长石或石英中的任意一种或几种混合,普通硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、矿渣水泥、粉煤灰水泥、化学激发较能材料等的任意一种或几种混合。
进一步改进在于:所述被缓释物质包括但不限于无机盐或无机氧化物中的任意一种,所述无机盐包括但不限于氧化钠、氯化钠、碳酸钠、氢氧化钡或六氟磷酸钙中的任意一种,所述无机氧化物包括但不限于氧化钙或二氧化硅的任意一种。
一种有效成分缓释陶粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:准备被缓释物质,然后对被缓释物质进行预处理,再向被缓释物质内添加辅助材料,通过挤压法或圆盘法造粒法制备内核;
步骤二:将内核外面通过圆盘式造粒机包裹无机材料,静置后进行烧结或养护处理,烧结或养护处理后再根据其使用环境或缓释要求,通过浸渍有机高分子聚合物的方式进行表面处理,加强或减弱被缓释物质的渗出,得到具有核壳结构的有效成分缓释陶粒。
进一步改进在于:所述步骤一中的辅助材料为具有高可塑性的辅助材料,所述辅助材料包括但不仅限于淀粉或高岭土。
进一步改进在于:所述步骤二中的有机高分子聚合物包括但不仅限于蜡、聚乙烯醇、或环氧树脂。
进一步改进在于:所述步骤二中具有核壳结构的有效成分缓释陶粒为具有单层核壳或具有多层核壳结构的有效成分缓释陶粒。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明通过利用具有多孔性特点的无机材料作为壳,然后包覆被缓释物质形成的内核,可以根据不同的应用场景通过改变孔隙率、孔径和表面处理的方式内核里面的被缓释物质有效成分按照一定的速率渗出,也可以让内核外部液体缓慢渗入至内核,让内核里的被缓释物质溶解进入环境,起到长期有效的目的,同时本发明制备出的有效成分缓释陶粒具有优良的耐久性,且无毒害性、硬度高、密度低,可以应用于特种混凝土、医药、食品、化工、农业、环保等领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备方法流程示意图。
图2为本发明方法制备出的有效成分缓释陶粒结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
根据图1、2所示,本实施例提出一种有效成分缓释陶粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将精确称量的500g氯化钡放入圆盘造球机中进行造粒处理,制成直径为0.5mm的内核;
步骤二:将制成的内核移入另一个成球盘中,在内核表面包覆黏土与钾长石的混合物(混合比例为1∶1),得到直径为1mm的具有单层核壳结构的陶粒生坯,再将具有单层核壳结构的陶粒生坯陈化6个小时,陈化结束后对具有单层核壳结构的陶粒生坯进行烧结,烧结制度为:以12℃/min的速率升温至600℃,然后保温5min,再以10℃/min的速率升温至1050℃,保温15min;然后自然冷却至50℃以下,制得有效成分缓释陶粒。
实施例二
根据图1、2所示,本实施例提出一种有效成分缓释陶粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将精确称量的500g氢氧化钙进行粉磨干燥处理,然后放入圆盘造球机中进行造粒处理,制成直径在2mm的内核;
步骤二:将制成的内核移入另一个成球盘之中,在内核表面包覆粉煤灰水泥、水泥和膨胀珍珠岩的混合料浆,粉煤灰水泥、水泥和膨胀珍珠岩的混合比例为10∶1∶4,得到直径为4mm的具有单层核壳结构的陶粒坯体,再将单层核壳结构的陶粒坯体根据水泥养护标准养护28天,在使用前需将陶粒浸入5%聚乙烯醇中,5s后拿出,待干燥后,制得有效成分缓释陶粒。
对实施例一和实施例二中制备出的有效成分缓释陶粒进行性能检测,检测结果表明:实施例一中,有效成分缓释陶粒的筒压强度为5.6MPa,堆积密度0.978×103kg/m3,氯化钡渗出速率为0.012mg/d·g;实施例二中有效成分缓释陶粒的筒压强度为2.6MPa,堆积密度1.274×103kg/m3,氢氧化钙渗出速率为0.023mg/d·g。
本发明通过利用具有多孔性特点的无机材料作为壳,然后包覆被缓释物质形成的内核,可以根据不同的应用场景通过改变孔隙率、孔径和表面处理的方式内核里面的被缓释物质有效成分按照一定的速率渗出,也可以让内核外部液体缓慢渗入至内核,让内核里的被缓释物质溶解进入环境,起到长期有效的目的,同时本发明制备出的有效成分缓释陶粒具有优良的耐久性,且无毒害性、硬度高、密度低,可以应用于特种混凝土、医药、食品、化工、农业、环保等领域。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (7)
1.一种有效成分缓释陶粒,其特征在于:所述有效成分缓释陶粒为利用被缓释物质为内核,在外包覆无机材料形成壳的有效成分缓释陶粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有效成分缓释陶粒,其特征在于:所述无机材料包括但不限于可烧制成型的无机材料或无机胶凝材料,所述可烧制成型的无机材料包括但不限于黏土、污泥、煤矸石、长石或石英中的任意一种或几种混合,所述无机胶凝材料包括但不限于普通硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、矿渣水泥、粉煤灰水泥、化学激发较能材料等的任意一种或几种混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种有效成分缓释陶粒,其特征在于:所述被缓释物质包括但不限于无机盐或无机氧化物中的任意一种,所述无机盐包括但不限于氧化钠、氯化钠、碳酸钠、氢氧化钡或六氟磷酸钙中的任意一种,所述无机氧化物包括但不限于氧化钙或二氧化硅的任意一种。
4.一种有效成分缓释陶粒的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一:准备被缓释物质,然后对被缓释物质进行预处理,再向被缓释物质内添加辅助材料,最后通过挤压法或圆盘法造粒法制备内核;
步骤二:将内核外面通过圆盘式造粒机包裹无机材料,静置后进行烧结或养护处理,烧结或养护处理后再根据其使用环境或缓释要求,通过浸渍有机高分子聚合物的方式进行表面处理,加强或减弱被缓释物质的渗出,得到具有核壳结构的有效成分缓释陶粒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种有效成分缓释陶粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中的辅助材料为具有高可塑性的辅助材料,所述辅助材料包括但不仅限于淀粉或高岭土。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种有效成分缓释陶粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中的有机高分子聚合物包括但不仅限于蜡、聚乙烯醇、或环氧树脂。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种有效成分缓释陶粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中具有核壳结构的有效成分缓释陶粒为具有单层核壳或具有多层核壳结构的有效成分缓释陶粒。
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