CN111121885A - Automatic open channel flow measurement method based on dilution method - Google Patents
Automatic open channel flow measurement method based on dilution method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111121885A CN111121885A CN201911388173.4A CN201911388173A CN111121885A CN 111121885 A CN111121885 A CN 111121885A CN 201911388173 A CN201911388173 A CN 201911388173A CN 111121885 A CN111121885 A CN 111121885A
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- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
- G01F1/7042—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter using radioactive tracers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
一种基于稀释法的明渠自动测流方法是采用盐类、荧光染料和放射性同位素等示踪剂，在具有一定紊动程度的明渠水流上游投放断面，通过A/D单片机发出指令，示踪剂投放装置自动投入示踪剂，与水充分混合后，在下游检测断面用检测点浓度计装置浓度计测量水流浓度，然后换算成流量，本方法测量精度高，适用范围广，省时省力，具有广阔的应用前景。
A method for automatic flow measurement of open channels based on dilution method is to use tracers such as salts, fluorescent dyes and radioisotopes, and put them on the upstream section of the open channel water flow with a certain degree of turbulence. The tracer is automatically put into the feeding device, and after fully mixing with water, the concentration of the water flow is measured by the concentration meter of the concentration meter device at the detection point at the downstream detection section, and then converted into the flow rate. This method has high measurement accuracy, wide application range, time-saving and labor-saving. Broad application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic open channel flow measuring method, in particular to an automatic open channel flow measuring method based on a dilution method, which adopts tracers such as salts, fluorescent dyes, radioactive isotopes and the like, puts in cross sections at the upstream of an open channel, fully mixes the tracers with water, detects the cross sections at the downstream and is controlled by a control system.
Background
The prior art is as follows: uguest test study on measurement of flow of drain by dilution method [ J]Hydrology, 2002, 22(06):82-85 flow meters are various, and the method of measuring flow by dilution is one of the important methods, and after the field work is finished, the water sample is taken to the laboratory for Cl-Analysis and Cl can be obtained-A table of the relation between concentration and time and a curve chart, wherein the part enclosed by the curve is the flow value(ii) a The method is not automatic, time and labor are wasted, and large errors can be caused by manual reading.
The prior art is as follows: the application of a conductivity meter in the flow measurement of the sewage discharge outlet [ J ]. people, 2004, 35(10):46-48. in view of the defects of the current flow measurement means of the sewage discharge outlet, an electrochemical method is tried to carry out the flow measurement of the sewage discharge outlet; the conductivity method flow measurement is that sodium chloride solution with known concentration is applied at the upstream of the test river reach, and the solution is diluted and diffused and mixed with the turbulent flow of water flow, and after a certain time, the solution is fully mixed at the downstream section which is used as a sampling section; the conductivity of the water is measured on the sampling section, and the flow of the sewage at the sewage outlet can be calculated; the method cannot realize automation and has large error.
The prior art is as follows: yehe Xin, research on a flow measuring model based on tracer conservation of mass [ J ]. proceedings of Sichuan university, 2007, 39(5):26-29. groundwater permeation flow velocity is an important hydrogeological parameter, and the tracing technology can estimate the groundwater permeation flow velocity more accurately; the method provides a new formula, but in the practical application of engineering, automation cannot be realized, and certain errors exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the specific technical problems of low measurement precision, small application range, complex operation and large manual reading error of the existing measurement method, find out an automatic flow measurement method combined with a networked cloud platform, and can directly display on a computer or transmit to an LED (light-emitting diode) for on-site display.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
An open channel automatic flow measurement method based on a dilution method is characterized in that: the automatic flow measuring method is based on an Internet of things cloud platform, flow of the open channel is measured through direct conversion of concentration into flow, the adopted automatic flow measuring device for the open channel is a U-shaped structural frame, a tracer feeding device is arranged on one side of the top end of the U-shaped structural frame and stretches across a feeding section, a detection point concentration meter device is arranged on the other side of the top end of the U-shaped structural frame and stretches across a detection section, and the automatic flow measuring device is connected and controlled with the control system through a bus RS 485; the control system is composed of a multi-way switch circuit, an amplifier, an A/D single chip microcomputer, a GPRS module and a display center thereof, wherein the tracer feeding device and the detection point concentration meter device are connected; the specific automatic flow measuring method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the automatic flow measuring device stretches across the open channel, the adjusting device is in a horizontal position, and then the concentration meters of the detection point concentration meter device are adjusted to be below the water surface until each concentration meter can display the initial concentration reading of the water flow;
(2) placing a transverse plate of the feeding device on the feeding section, and placing a transverse plate of the concentration meter on the detection section;
(3) switching on a power supply, clicking the liquid crystal display to start, and starting to send an instruction to the tracer feeding device and the detection point concentration meter device by the control system A/D single chip microcomputer;
(4) in the tracer feeding device, a stirrer stirs tracer solution in a water tank, the tracer solution is uniformly mixed, an upper electromagnetic valve is opened to enter a measuring cylinder, the upper electromagnetic valve is closed, a lower electromagnetic valve is opened, the tracer solution in the measuring cylinder is fed into water flow through a pipeline, and the lower electromagnetic valve is closed;
(5) the detection point concentration meter device transmits n groups of continuously-changing water flow concentration value analog quantity data to the multi-way switch circuit, then the A/D single chip microcomputer sends out an instruction, the multi-way switch circuit executes the instruction, the n groups of data are amplified by the amplifier and transmitted to the A/D single chip microcomputer one by one for processing, the n groups of flow values Q are subjected to arithmetic mean value, the arithmetic mean value is directly transmitted to the LED for field display, or is transmitted to a remote GPRS module through a bus RS485 and is transmitted to a control center through wireless remote distance for real-time online observation and storage.
An open channel automatic flow measurement method based on a dilution method is characterized in that: the concentration meter is used for measuring the concentration value of the water flow of the open channel, the concentration is directly converted into the flow through the processing of the A/D single chip microcomputer, and the conversion formula of the concentration and the flow of the open channel is as follows:
the flow calculation formula of the primary injection method is as follows:
wherein: q is the flow of the test open channel; c0The original concentration of the tracer in the water flow at the sampling section; c1The concentration of the tracer is injected into the upstream section for one time; c2The tracer concentrations at the sampling cross-section at different times; v is the concentration of the tracer C injected at the upstream section1Total solution volume of (a); t is the total duration of the tracer in the sampling section from appearance to disappearance.
Compared with the prior art, the method for automatically measuring the flow of the open channel and the pipeline based on the dilution method is based on the Internet of things cloud platform, adopts the simple U-shaped open channel automatic flow measuring device, directly converts the concentration into the flow to measure the flow rate of the open channel, and has the advantages of high measurement precision, wide application range, time saving, labor saving and wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a mechanical structure view of an automatic flow measuring device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the mechanical structure of the tracer dispensing device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the mechanical structure of the tracer application device according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the flow measuring device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a mechanical configuration diagram of the detecting point concentration meter device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1: a transverse plate of the throwing device; 2: a pipeline; 3: a lower electromagnetic valve; 4: a measuring cylinder; 5: an upper electromagnetic valve; 6: a water tank; 7: a stirrer; 8: a concentration meter 1; 9: a concentration meter 2; 10: a concentration meter n; 11: a transverse plate of the concentration meter; 12: water line; 13: the ellipses; 14: sampling the cross section.
Detailed Description
The following provides a further detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in the attached drawings 1-5, an automatic flow measurement method for an open channel based on a dilution method is implemented, the method is based on an internet of things cloud platform, concentration is directly converted into flow, the flow is only a function of the concentration and time, and an automatic flow measurement device is adopted to measure the flow of the open channel.
The automatic flow measuring device comprises a tracer agent feeding device, which is shown in attached figures 2 and 3, a control system is shown in attached figure 4, a detection point concentration meter device is shown in attached figure 5, the attached figure 2 is a mechanical structure front view of the tracer agent feeding device, and the attached figure 3 is a mechanical structure section view of the tracer agent feeding device; the tracer feeding device is positioned at the upstream of the water flow and controlled by an A/D (analog/digital) single chip microcomputer, the detection point concentration meter device is positioned at the downstream of the water flow and controlled by the A/D single chip microcomputer, and the water flow length between the tracer feeding device and the detection point concentration meter device is a mixed length LMThe control system comprises a multi-way switch circuit, an amplifier, a self-contained A/D single chip microcomputer, a GPRS module, a display and a center, wherein a detection point concentration meter device and a tracer agent feeding device are connected with the control system through a bus RS485, the detection point concentration meter device senses n groups of concentration values which continuously change, analog quantity data are transmitted to the multi-way switch circuit, then the self-contained A/D single chip microcomputer sends out an instruction, the multi-way switch circuit executes the instruction, the n groups of data are respectively amplified by the amplifier and transmitted to the self-contained A/D conversion single chip microcomputer to be processed one by one, n groups of flow values Q are simply calculated to obtain an average value, and the flow of the average value is directly transmitted to an LED for field display or transmitted to the GPRS module at the far end of the bus RS485 and transmitted to the control center in a wireless and remote mode.
The specific method is carried out according to the attached figure 4 and comprises the following steps:
step one, crossing an automatic flow measuring device on an open channel, adjusting the device to be a horizontal position, and adjusting uniformly distributed concentration meters in a detection point concentration meter device shown in a figure 5 to be below a water surface until each concentration meter can display a water flow initial concentration reading;
secondly, placing a transverse plate 1 of the putting device on the putting section, namely placing the tracer agent putting device at the position of the putting section, and referring to an attached figure 2; placing a transverse plate 11 of a concentration meter on the detection section, namely placing a detection point concentration meter device on the detection section, and referring to the attached figure 5;
thirdly, switching on a power supply, clicking the start on the liquid crystal display screen, and starting to send an instruction to the tracer feeding device shown in the attached figure 2 and the detection point concentration meter device shown in the attached figure 5 by a self-contained A/D single chip microcomputer in the control system;
step four, a tracer feeding device is shown in the attached figure 2, a stirrer 7 stirs tracer solution with the volume of 5-10LD water tank 6 and the concentration of 50-200g/L, and the tracer solution is stirred for 2 minutes to be uniformly mixed; after stirring, opening an upper electromagnetic valve 5, after 10 seconds, filling a measuring cylinder 4 with the volume of 0.5-1L with tracer solution, closing the upper electromagnetic valve 5, opening a lower electromagnetic valve 3, after 5 seconds, completely discharging the tracer solution in the measuring cylinder 4 through a pipeline 2, and closing the lower electromagnetic valve;
step five, a detection point concentration meter device is shown in an attached figure 5, n groups of continuously-changing water flow concentration value analog quantity data are transmitted to a multi-way switch circuit, then a singlechip with an A/D (analog/digital) function sends out an instruction, the multi-way switch circuit executes the instruction, n groups of data are respectively amplified by an amplifier and transmitted to the singlechip with an A/D conversion function one by one for processing, and n groups of flow values Q are simply calculated and averaged; the simple arithmetic mean flow is directly transmitted to an LED for field display, or transmitted to a remote GPRS module through a bus RS485, and transmitted to a control center in a wireless and remote way for real-time online observation and storage.
The principle of the above-described embodiment is as follows:
the flow measurement by the dilution method is a method of adopting tracers such as salts, fluorescent dyes, radioactive isotopes and the like, putting the tracers into a cross section at the upstream in an open channel and a pipeline with a certain turbulence degree, fully mixing the tracers with water, measuring the water flow concentration at a downstream detection cross section by a concentration meter, and converting the water flow concentration into flow; the flow measuring section is required to have no introduced branch flow and a certain mixing length, so that the solution and the water can be uniformly mixed, and the tracer cannot perform chemical reaction with the water and substances in the water and cannot perform photosynthesis with light; there are two methods for injecting tracer into upstream putting section: a one-time injection method and a constant-speed injection method, wherein the method adopts the one-time injection method.
The open channel mixing length calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: b is width, d is depth of water, C is thank talent factor (15 < C < 50)
The flow calculation formula of the primary injection method (integral method) is as follows:
wherein: q is the flow of the test open channel; c0The original concentration of the tracer in the water flow at the sampling section; c1The concentration of the tracer is injected into the upstream section for one time; c2The tracer concentrations at the sampling cross-section at different times; v is the concentration of the tracer C injected at the upstream section1Total solution volume of (a); t is the total duration of the tracer in the sampling section from appearance to disappearance.
Example 1
An automatic flow measurement method for an open channel based on a dilution method is characterized in that during specific measurement, a transverse plate 1 of a feeding device is placed on a feeding section, namely a tracer feeding device is placed at the position of the feeding section, and the tracer feeding device is shown in an attached figure 2; a transverse plate 11 of the concentration meter is placed on the detection section, namely, a detection point concentration meter device is placed at the position of the detection section, and the device is shown in the attached figure 5, and the specific measurement method comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting physical quantity to be measured: width b, depth d, surface velocity v, electromagnetic flowmeter flow Q, concentration C of once injected tracer at upstream section1With injected tracer concentration of C1V, time t, original tracer concentration in the water stream at the sampling cross-section C0Concentration C of tracer at different times at the sampling section2；
Step two, calculating the mixing length; measuring the width b of the open channel with a tape measure, and measuring the water level d, g with a micrometer
9.8 (m/s 2), to ensure the maximum mixing length, the Thanksgiving coefficient C is taken to 50, and the mixing length L is calculatedMThe formula is as follows:
then, the experimental mixing length L was selectedM；
Reading the flow of the electromagnetic flowmeter to serve as a comparison flow; measuring the surface flow velocity by using a buoy method; selecting
Selecting the section with higher turbulence degree as the putting section, putting the concentration meter in the detection point concentration meter device shown in figure 5 into water, and recording the original concentration C of the tracer in the water flow at the sampling section by using the singlechip with A/D (analog/digital) function0And the concentration C of the tracer at the sampling cross-section at different times2And time t, calculated by a numerical value
Obtaining the flow of each group of concentration meters, and finally, taking the average flow of simple calculated numbers;
step four, the data is processed inside the single chip microcomputer, can be directly displayed on site and also can be wirelessly transmitted
Monitoring and storing by a remote center; so far, one experiment is finished; repeating the above experiment n times;
the flow calculation formula of the primary injection method (integral method) is as follows:
wherein: q is the flow of the test open channel; c0The original concentration of the tracer in the water flow at the sampling section; c1The concentration of the tracer is injected into the upstream section for one time; c2The tracer concentrations at the sampling cross-section at different times; v is the concentration of the tracer C injected at the upstream section1Total solution volume of (a); t is the total duration of the tracer in the sampling section from appearance to disappearance.
Claims (2)
1. An open channel automatic flow measurement method based on a dilution method is characterized in that: the automatic flow measuring method is based on an Internet of things cloud platform, flow of the open channel is measured through direct conversion of concentration into flow, the adopted automatic flow measuring device for the open channel is a U-shaped structural frame, a tracer feeding device is arranged on one side of the top end of the U-shaped structural frame and stretches across a feeding section, a detection point concentration meter device is arranged on the other side of the top end of the U-shaped structural frame and stretches across a detection section, and the automatic flow measuring device is connected and controlled with the control system through a bus RS 485; the control system is composed of a multi-way switch circuit, an amplifier, an A/D single chip microcomputer, a GPRS module and a display center thereof, wherein the tracer feeding device and the detection point concentration meter device are connected; the specific automatic flow measuring method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the automatic flow measuring device stretches across the open channel, the adjusting device is in a horizontal position, and then the concentration meters of the detection point concentration meter device are adjusted to be below the water surface until each concentration meter can display the initial concentration reading of the water flow;
(2) placing a transverse plate (1) of the feeding device on a feeding section, and placing a transverse plate (11) of a concentration meter on a detection section;
(3) switching on a power supply, clicking the liquid crystal display to start, and starting to send an instruction to the tracer feeding device and the detection point concentration meter device by the control system A/D single chip microcomputer;
(4) in the tracer feeding device, a stirrer (7) stirs tracer solution in a water tank (6), after the tracer solution is uniformly mixed, an upper electromagnetic valve (5) is opened to enter a measuring cylinder (4), the upper electromagnetic valve (5) is closed, a lower electromagnetic valve (3) is opened, the tracer solution in the measuring cylinder (4) is fed into water flow through a pipeline (2), and the lower electromagnetic valve is closed;
(5) the detection point concentration meter device transmits n groups of continuously-changing water flow concentration value analog quantity data to the multi-way switch circuit, then the A/D single chip microcomputer sends out an instruction, the multi-way switch circuit executes the instruction, the n groups of data are amplified by the amplifier and transmitted to the A/D single chip microcomputer one by one for processing, the n groups of flow values Q are subjected to arithmetic mean value, the arithmetic mean value is directly transmitted to the LED for field display, or is transmitted to a remote GPRS module through a bus RS485 and is transmitted to a control center through wireless remote distance for real-time online observation and storage.
2. The dilution-based open channel automatic flow measurement method according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration meter is used for measuring the concentration value of the water flow of the open channel, the concentration is directly converted into the flow through the processing of the A/D single chip microcomputer, and the conversion formula of the concentration and the flow of the open channel is as follows:
the flow calculation formula of the primary injection method is as follows:
wherein: q is the flow of the test open channel; c0The original concentration of the tracer in the water flow at the sampling section; c1The concentration of the tracer is injected into the upstream section for one time; c2The tracer concentrations at the sampling cross-section at different times; v is the concentration of the tracer C injected at the upstream section1Total solution volume of (a); t is the total duration of the tracer in the sampling section from appearance to disappearance.
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| CN201911388173.4A CN111121885A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Automatic open channel flow measurement method based on dilution method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111044112A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 太原理工大学 | Automatic flow measuring device of open channel based on dilution method |
| CN112595374A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-02 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Clean flue gas flow measuring method and system |
-
2019
- 2019-12-30 CN CN201911388173.4A patent/CN111121885A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| NEVEN KRESIC: "《岩溶水的管理、易损性与恢复 中》", 31 May 2015, 黄河水利出版社 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111044112A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 太原理工大学 | Automatic flow measuring device of open channel based on dilution method |
| CN112595374A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-02 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Clean flue gas flow measuring method and system |
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Application publication date: 20200508 |