CN111120203A - Method and equipment for determining yaw wind deviation angle of wind generating set - Google Patents
Method and equipment for determining yaw wind deviation angle of wind generating set Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for determining a yaw-to-wind deviation angle of a wind turbine generator set is provided. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring data of the wind generating set within a period of time, wherein the data at least comprises wind speed, wind direction angle and power; dividing data into bins according to different wind speed sections to obtain a plurality of data bins, wherein the data of the data bins comprises a plurality of wind speeds in corresponding wind speed sections, wind direction angles corresponding to the wind speeds and power; carrying out secondary bin division on each data bin according to the wind direction angle, and dividing each data bin into a plurality of sub data bins; calculating the average power in each sub-data bin; and taking the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin in which the sub-data bin is positioned. According to the method and the device for determining the yaw wind deviation angle of the wind generating set, the yaw wind deviation angle of each data bin can be accurately identified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind power generation. And more particularly, to a method and apparatus for determining a yaw-to-wind deviation angle of a wind turbine generator set.
Background
Modern large wind generating sets (hereinafter referred to as "sets") are generally equipped with an automatic yaw control system, and the yaw control system generally comprises hardware such as a yaw motor, a yaw speed reducer, a yaw bearing, a wind vane, a cabin position sensor and the like.
Wind vanes are typically mounted at the top of the nacelle of the unit, at a position rearward, for detecting the wind direction. When the wind direction is sensed to be changed, an included angle between the current wind direction and the central axis of the machine cabin of the unit is calculated, and the included angle is a yaw wind-to-wind deviation angle. However, because the wind vane needs to calibrate the initial wind angle (i.e. 0 degree or 180 degrees) during installation, the calibration process is easily affected by human, which causes inaccuracy of the initial wind angle, and further affects the accuracy of the calculation result of the yaw wind deviation of the wind vane. When the calculated yaw wind alignment deviation angle is inconsistent with the actual deviation angle, the yaw wind alignment of the unit is inaccurate, and the power generation performance is reduced. The reasons for this problem may also be: the influence of the unit wake flow, the signal drift or the fault of the cabin position sensor cause the inaccurate detection of the cabin position and the like. At the present stage, the unit cannot effectively identify the yaw wind deviation caused by the reasons.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problem, a method for determining the yaw-to-wind deviation angle of the unit needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and equipment for determining a yaw wind deviation angle of a wind generating set.
One aspect of the invention provides a method of determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind turbine generator system, the method comprising: acquiring data of the wind generating set within a period of time, wherein the data at least comprises wind speed, wind direction angle and power; dividing data into bins according to different wind speed sections to obtain a plurality of data bins, wherein the data of the data bins comprises a plurality of wind speeds in corresponding wind speed sections, wind direction angles corresponding to the wind speeds and power; carrying out secondary bin division on each data bin according to the wind direction angle, and dividing each data bin into a plurality of sub data bins; calculating the average power in each sub-data bin; and taking the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin in which the sub-data bin is positioned.
Another aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind park, the apparatus comprising: the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring data of the wind generating set within a period of time, wherein the data at least comprises wind speed, wind direction angle and power; the first data binning unit is used for performing data binning according to different wind speed sections to obtain a plurality of data bins, and the data of the data bins comprise a plurality of wind speeds in corresponding wind speed sections, wind direction angles corresponding to the wind speeds and power; the second data binning unit is used for performing secondary binning on each data bin according to the wind direction angle and dividing each data bin into a plurality of sub data bins; and the yaw wind deviation angle calculation unit is used for calculating the average power in each sub-data bin, and taking the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin in which the sub-data bin is positioned.
Another aspect of the invention provides a system for determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind park, the system comprising: a processor; a memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, performs the above-described method.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed, implements the above-described method.
According to the method and the device for determining the yaw wind deviation angle of the wind generating set, the yaw wind deviation angle caused by the factors such as wake flow influence during installation and operation of a wind vane can be accurately identified.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method of determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind park according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind park according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Various example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method of determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind park according to an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in step S110, data of a wind turbine generator set over a period of time is obtained, where the data at least includes wind speed, wind direction angle, and power;
as an example, transient data of a unit over a period of time (for example, a day, a week, a month, a half year, etc.) is sampled at a sampling frequency, which may be 1s, 7s, 20s, 1 min, 5 min, etc., according to the sampling frequency, different sampling time periods may be defined to ensure sufficient data, generally speaking, the higher the sampling frequency is, the shorter the sampling time period is, and conversely, if the sampling frequency is lower, a sufficient time period needs to be acquired to ensure a sufficient amount of data for subsequent data processing. The sampled data may include: such as wind speed, wind direction angle and power. In one embodiment, different types of data, such as impeller speed, power limit flag, and ambient temperature, may also be included. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that wind speed, wind direction angle and power are a set of time series data, i.e. wind speed, wind direction angle and power at a plurality of consecutive time instants within a period of time.
In step S120, data is binned according to different wind speed segments to obtain a plurality of data bins, where the data in the data bins includes a plurality of wind speeds in corresponding wind speed segments, wind direction angles corresponding to the wind speeds, and power.
In the invention, the wind speed section refers to a wind speed section specified by IEC standard, for example, a 3m/s wind speed section, the wind speed range includes 2.75-3.25 m/s, the wind speed range includes 3.5m/s wind speed section, the wind speed range includes 3.25-3.75 m/s, and the like. The collected data is binned as specified by the standard.
As an example, the collected data is binned in 5 wind speed segments of 3m/S, 3.5m/S, 4m/S, 4.5m/S and 5m/S, and it is assumed that 10000 data are collected in step S110, wherein the data amount in the wind speed segments of 3m/S, 3.5m/S, 4m/S, 4.5m/S and 5m/S is 1000, 1500, 2000, 1500 and 2500 respectively, and the remaining 1500 data are data of other wind speed segments. Taking a wind speed segment of 5m/s as an example, the 2500 data sets include a plurality of groups of wind speed, wind direction angle and power data within the wind speed range of 4.75-5.25 m/s. Taking the data in table 1 as an example, all wind direction angles and power data in the wind speed range of 4.75-5.25 m/s are stored in the data bin corresponding to the wind speed segment of 5 m/s.
TABLE 1
As an example, in order to obtain more accurate data processing results at the time of the following data processing, the data may be flushed at the time of data binning. In this step, the target data may optionally be retained. For example, data in an abnormal operation state of the unit may be completely cleaned, and the abnormal operation state may be a shutdown or reduced power operation state (e.g., grid outage or limited power operation, etc.), a fault state, a test or maintenance state, an abnormal component state (e.g., blade icing, cracking, abnormal generator, etc.), an operation outside a wind speed range (e.g., greater than a cut-in wind speed or less than a cut-in wind speed), and the like, which are caused by internal and external factors of the wind turbine within the operating wind speed range. On the basis, data screening can be performed according to the stage of the normal operation state of the unit. For example, the yaw of the unit mostly occurs in a maximum power capture stage (also referred to as a "speed change stage", that is, a stage from the start of the unit to the time when the rotating speed of the generator reaches the maximum rotating speed), so that data used for data processing is more representative, the accuracy of a data processing result is further improved, meanwhile, resources occupied by data processing are reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved.
In step S130, each data bin is binned twice according to the wind direction angle, and each data bin is divided into a plurality of sub data bins.
As an example, on the basis of table 1, the data bins corresponding to the wind speed segment of 5m/s are binned twice according to the wind direction angle, and the binned data is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Specifically, the secondary sub-bin is to divide the data of each data bin according to the wind direction angle to obtain a plurality of sub-data bins of the data bin. Referring to table 2, the data bin corresponding to the 5m/s wind speed segment is divided into two sub-data bins by secondary bin division, and the two sub-data bins correspond to wind direction angles 170-180 deg and 180-190 deg respectively. The partitioning rule of each sub-data bin can be determined according to actual requirements, and the present invention is not limited in any way.
Preferably, since the yaw deviation angle range is usually between-30 degrees and 30 degrees, the division in the range may be as small as possible, that is, the number of sub-bins may be as large as possible, in order to calculate the yaw versus wind deviation angle more accurately. However, this method occupies a large amount of computing resources, and requires a long time of data collection to ensure that the data amount in each sub-data bin meets the requirement.
In order to solve the technical problem, different secondary sub-bin division rules can be set according to different wind speed sections corresponding to the data bins in consideration of different influences of different wind speed sections on yaw on wind deviation angles. For example, in low wind speed conditions, the wind direction changes faster, the turbulence intensity increases, and the wind vane has a greater impact on wind accuracy. Therefore, for the data bins of the low wind speed section, the wind direction angle range of the sub data bins can be considered to be set to be relatively large, so that the sufficient data quantity in each sub data section can be ensured to the maximum extent in a short data acquisition time period. Accordingly, for the data bins in the high-wind section, the wind direction angle range of the sub-data bins can be considered to be set relatively small, so that the data volume of the corresponding data bins is easily satisfied, especially when the acquisition time period is short. By way of example, the range of the wind direction angle of the sub-data bin may be gradually reduced from a low wind speed section to a high wind speed section in a certain step length, and the step length may be determined according to actual requirements, which is not limited in this disclosure.
In one embodiment, the data volume of a sub-data bin may also be verified after data cleansing. When the data volume meets the requirement, the subsequent processing is further executed. Taking the data bins corresponding to the 5m/s wind speed segment as an example, as long as any one of the 2 sub-bins does not meet the requirement of the data volume, subsequent data processing cannot be performed, but data acquisition and cleaning are required to be continuously performed until the data volumes of all the sub-bins meet the requirement.
In step S140, the average power in each sub-bin is calculated, and the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-bin with the largest average power is taken as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin in which the sub-bin is located.
Taking table 2 as an example, the sub-data bins corresponding to wind direction angles 170-180 deg and the corresponding sub-data bins are calculated
The average power of the sub-data bins with the wind direction angles of 180-190 deg can be obtained through calculation, the average power of the sub-data bins corresponding to the wind direction angles of 170-180 deg is 277kw and is smaller than the average power of the sub-data bins corresponding to the wind direction angles of 180-190 deg is 89.5 kw. Since the power should theoretically be at a maximum when the unit is in a state facing the wind. Therefore, the wind direction angle of the sub-data bin corresponding to the wind direction angle of 180-190 deg is used as the yaw wind-to-wind deviation angle of the data bin corresponding to the 5m/s wind speed section.
In practical applications, the initial wind angle of the wind vane is usually set to 180 degrees, or 0 degrees, and when 180 degrees or 0 degrees are output to the vane, the unit is in a state of facing the wind. When the initial wind angle is 180 degrees, the position of clockwise rotation 180 degrees is 0 degrees, the clockwise wind angle is gradually reduced, the counterclockwise wind angle is gradually increased, and 360 degrees is in the opposite direction of 180 degrees (namely, 180 degrees of translation).
In this embodiment, when the initial wind angle is 0 degree, the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-bin with the largest average power is taken as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin in which the sub-bin is located. When the initial wind angle is 180 degrees, the difference value between the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power and the initial wind angle is used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located, that is, the difference value obtained by subtracting the initial wind angle from the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power is used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located. The initial wind alignment angle refers to an angle output by the wind vane when the wind generating set is over against wind. Here, taking table 2 as an example, the wind direction angle data in table 2 is calculated from an initial wind angle of 180 degrees, so when determining the yaw wind offset angle of a data bin, the wind direction angle of the sub-data bin (sub-data bin with wind direction angles of 180 to 190 deg) with the maximum average power is subtracted from the initial wind angle to obtain the difference between the wind direction angle and the initial wind angle (see table 3), and then the yaw wind offset angle of the data bin is determined from the difference.
TABLE 3
Preferably, the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power is used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located, and the average value, the maximum value or the minimum value of the wind direction angles corresponding to the sub-data bins with the maximum average power can be used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located. Considering the influence of different wind speed sections on the yaw on the wind deviation angle, the data bins corresponding to different wind sections can determine the yaw on the wind deviation angle in different modes. For example, the yaw is more likely to affect the wind deviation angle in the small wind speed segment, so the data bin corresponding to the small wind speed segment may be selected as the maximum value, and correspondingly, the data bin corresponding to the large wind speed segment is selected as the minimum value or the average value.
In another embodiment, in addition to calculating the average power within each sub-bin, a power standard deviation is calculated, and the yaw versus wind deviation angle of the data bin in which the sub-bin is located is determined based on the average power and the power standard deviation. Specifically, the corresponding wind direction angle of the sub-data bin with the maximum average power and the minimum power standard deviation is used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located. After the power standard deviation is introduced, the condition of power fluctuation caused under some special working conditions can be identified, and the wind direction angle of the sub-data cabin with high average power caused by the power fluctuation is further avoided being used as the final yaw wind deviation angle.
In another embodiment, because the time spent in the data binning process is long, and the air density change on the site may be large (day and night), the wind speed of the originally collected data before binning needs to be uniformly converted to the standard air density condition according to the average control density to ensure the accuracy of the data. The method can be specifically realized by the following expression:
wherein T is the ambient temperature, the average value of 10min is generally taken, H is the altitude of the location of the unit, rho0For reference air density (1.225 kg/m 3), V0For average wind speed over time, V is converted to reference air density ρ0Lower average wind speed.
In addition, when the yaw-to-wind deviation angle of the data bin is determined, the yaw-to-wind deviation angle can be self-corrected to improve the power generation performance of the unit. As an example, the reverse angle of the yaw versus wind deviation angle at the wind speed segment is taken as a compensation value, the sum is performed with the yaw versus wind angle at the wind speed segment, and the summed angle is taken as the yaw versus wind angle at the wind speed segment. For example, if the yaw-to-wind deviation angle in the 3m/s wind speed segment is 9 degrees, and the unit receives a yaw command and requires 5 degrees yaw to the right, the-9 degrees and 5 degrees may be summed to obtain an actual yaw angle value of-4 degrees. That is, after correction, the unit needs to be biased to the left by 4 degrees to ensure that it is facing the wind.
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind park according to an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 2, an apparatus for determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind turbine generator set according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a data acquisition unit 210, a first data binning unit 220, a second data binning unit 230, and a yaw versus wind deviation angle calculation unit 240.
The data obtaining unit 210 obtains data of the wind turbine generator set over a period of time, wherein the data at least comprises wind speed, wind direction angle and power.
For example, the data obtaining unit 210 samples transient data of the unit for a period of time (for example, a day, a week, a month, a half year, and the like) at a sampling frequency, where the sampling frequency may be 1s, 7s, 20s, 1 min, 5 min, and the like, and according to the difference of the sampling frequency, different sampling time periods may be defined to ensure sufficient data, and generally, the higher the sampling frequency is, the shorter the sampling time period is, and conversely, if the sampling frequency is lower, the sufficient time period needs to be collected to ensure that there is a sufficient data amount for subsequent data processing. The sampled data may include: such as wind speed, wind direction angle and power. In one embodiment, different types of data, such as impeller speed, power limit flag, and ambient temperature, may also be included. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that wind speed, wind direction angle and power are a set of time series data, i.e. wind speed, wind direction angle and power at a plurality of consecutive time instants within a period of time.
The first data binning unit 220 is configured to perform data binning according to different wind speed segments to obtain a plurality of data bins, where data of the data bins includes a plurality of wind speeds in corresponding wind speed segments, wind direction angles corresponding to the wind speeds, and power.
In the invention, the wind speed section refers to a wind speed section specified by IEC standard, for example, a 3m/s wind speed section, the wind speed range includes 2.75-3.25 m/s, the wind speed range includes 3.5m/s wind speed section, the wind speed range includes 3.25-3.75 m/s, and the like. The collected data is binned as specified by the standard.
As an example, the collected data is binned in 5 wind speed segments of 3m/S, 3.5m/S, 4m/S, 4.5m/S and 5m/S, and it is assumed that 10000 data are collected in step S110, wherein the data amount in the wind speed segments of 3m/S, 3.5m/S, 4m/S, 4.5m/S and 5m/S is 1000, 1500, 2000, 1500 and 2500 respectively, and the remaining 1500 data are data of other wind speed segments. Taking a wind speed segment of 5m/s as an example, the 2500 data sets include a plurality of groups of wind speed, wind direction angle and power data within the wind speed range of 4.75-5.25 m/s. Taking the data in table 1 as an example, all wind direction angles and power data in the wind speed range of 4.75-5.25 m/s are stored in the data bin corresponding to the wind speed segment of 5 m/s.
As an example, in order to obtain more accurate data processing results in the binning processing, the first data binning unit 220 cleans data in the binning processing to achieve selective retention of target data.
The second data binning unit 230 is configured to perform secondary binning on each data bin according to a wind direction angle, and divide each data bin into a plurality of sub data bins.
As an example, on the basis of table 1, the data bins corresponding to the wind speed segment of 5m/s are binned twice according to the wind direction angle, and the binned data is shown in table 2.
Specifically, the secondary sub-bin is to divide the data of each data bin according to the wind direction angle to obtain a plurality of sub-data bins of the data bin. Referring to table 2, the wind speed section corresponding to the 5m/s wind speed section is divided into two sub-data bins by secondary bin division, and the two sub-data bins correspond to wind direction angles of 170-180 deg and 180-190 deg respectively. The partitioning rule of each sub-data bin can be determined according to actual requirements, and the present invention is not limited in any way.
Preferably, since the yaw deviation angle range is usually between-30 degrees and 30 degrees, the division in the range may be as small as possible, that is, the number of sub-bins may be as large as possible, in order to calculate the yaw versus wind deviation angle more accurately.
Preferably, the second data binning unit 230 sets different secondary binning rules according to different wind speed segments corresponding to the data bins.
In one embodiment, the second data binning unit 230 also verifies the data amount of the sub-data bins after data flushing. When the data volume meets the requirement, the subsequent processing is further executed. Taking the data bins corresponding to the 5m/s wind speed segment as an example, as long as any one of the 2 sub-bins does not meet the requirement of the data volume, subsequent data processing cannot be performed, but data acquisition and cleaning are required to be continuously performed until the data volumes of all the sub-bins meet the requirement.
The yaw wind deviation angle calculation unit 240 is configured to calculate an average power in each sub-data bin, and use a wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the largest average power as a yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located.
Taking table 2 as an example, the sub-bins and the corresponding wind direction angles 170-180 deg are calculated respectively.
The average power of the sub-data bins with the wind direction angles of 180-190 deg can be obtained through calculation, the average power of the sub-data bins corresponding to the wind direction angles of 170-180 deg is 277kw and is smaller than the average power of the sub-data bins corresponding to the wind direction angles of 180-190 deg is 89.5 kw. Since the power should theoretically be at a maximum when the unit is in a state facing the wind. Therefore, the wind direction angle of the sub-data bin corresponding to the wind direction angle of 180-190 deg is used as the yaw wind-to-wind deviation angle of the data bin corresponding to the 5m/s wind speed section.
In this embodiment, when the initial wind angle is 0 degree, the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-bin with the largest average power is taken as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin in which the sub-bin is located. When the initial wind angle is 180 degrees, the difference value between the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power and the initial wind angle is used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located, that is, the difference value obtained by subtracting the initial wind angle from the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power is used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located. The initial wind alignment angle refers to an angle output by the wind vane when the wind generating set is over against wind.
Preferably, the wind direction angle corresponding to the sub-data bin with the maximum average power is used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located, and the average value, the maximum value or the minimum value of the wind direction angles corresponding to the sub-data bins with the maximum average power can be used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located. Considering the influence of different wind speed sections on the yaw on the wind deviation angle, the data bins corresponding to different wind sections can determine the yaw on the wind deviation angle in different modes. For example, the yaw is more likely to affect the wind deviation angle in the small wind speed segment, so the data bin corresponding to the small wind speed segment may be selected as the maximum value, and correspondingly, the data bin corresponding to the large wind speed segment is selected as the minimum value or the average value.
In another embodiment, in addition to calculating the average power within each sub-bin, a power standard deviation is calculated, and the yaw versus wind deviation angle of the data bin in which the sub-bin is located is determined based on the average power and the power standard deviation. Specifically, the corresponding wind direction angle of the sub-data bin with the maximum average power and the minimum power standard deviation is used as the yaw wind deviation angle of the data bin where the sub-data bin is located. After the power standard deviation is introduced, the condition of power fluctuation caused under some special working conditions can be identified, and the wind direction angle of the sub-data cabin with high average power caused by the power fluctuation is further avoided being used as the final yaw wind deviation angle.
In addition, the invention also provides a system for determining the yaw wind deviation angle of the wind generating set. The system comprises: a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the above-indicated method of determining a yaw versus wind deviation angle of a wind park.
It should be understood that the various units in the device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as hardware components and/or software components. The individual units may be implemented, for example, using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), depending on the processing performed by the individual units as defined by the skilled person.
Further, the method according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a computer program in a computer-readable recording medium. The computer program may be implemented by a person skilled in the art from the description of the method described above. The above-described method of the present invention is implemented when the computer program is executed in a computer.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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