Background
The wave energy is a clean renewable energy source with great prospect, has the advantages of good energy quality, large storage capacity and wide distribution, has important significance for promoting sustainable development, ocean resource development and the like, and has broad development prospect in China.
The existing offshore wave energy utilization technology can be divided into two types, namely a point absorption type wave energy conversion device and a line absorption type wave energy conversion device, wherein the point absorption type wave energy conversion device mainly converts mechanical energy of floating body motion into hydraulic energy or electromagnetic energy through PTO (Power Take-off) damping through displacement or relative displacement change generated by heave motion of the floating body in the wave, and finally drives a generator to generate electricity through energy storage and transmission units such as an energy accumulator or the like, or fresh water or ice making and the like are manufactured through other equipment. The device mainly comprises specific types such as an oscillation float type, an oscillation water column type and the like. Line absorption wave energy conversion devices are capable of absorbing wave energy at a distance along the wave propagation line, such as the well known uk "Pelamis" type devices. The device comprises a plurality of groups of hinged raft bodies, the raft bodies move under the excitation of waves, the (angular) displacement between adjacent raft bodies changes, and the mechanical energy of the raft body movement is extracted through a PTO damping mechanism arranged between the adjacent raft bodies. In addition, the wave-crossing device which reasonably utilizes coastal terrains to convert kinetic energy of waves into potential energy and further utilizes differential pressure of seawater heads to generate electricity is also an important type.
Compared with sea areas such as Europe, north America and the like (the wave height is 2.0m-6.0 m), most of the sea areas in China are smaller in wave height (0.5 m-3.0 m), and the wave energy flow density is lower, so that the existing wave energy conversion device is difficult to directly utilize with high efficiency, the comprehensive utilization cost is high, and even partial dispersed low-grade wave energy resources are wasted.
According to the hydrodynamic force theory of the fluid in the narrow slits, when the wave incidence frequency is close to the natural frequency of the limiting water body in the narrow slits between the floating bodies, hydrodynamic resonance can be generated in the water body in the narrow slits. This resonance phenomenon causes the wave height in the narrow slit to be several times the incident wave height. By adopting the method, the waves with smaller wave height and low energy density can be effectively gathered, so that the problem of too small wave height is solved, and the wave energy is more saved, fully and efficiently utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a narrow slit wave-focusing type efficient wave energy absorbing device which is simple in structure and capable of improving the utilization efficiency of wave energy and is used for solving the problem that the existing wave energy converting device is difficult to efficiently utilize low-grade wave energy resources with small wave height.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
A narrow slit wave-gathering type efficient wave energy absorbing device is used for efficiently absorbing and utilizing dispersed low-grade wave energy with small wave height, and the system is an independent offshore power generation unit and mainly structurally comprises a vertical wall surface, a wave-gathering floating body, an oscillating floater, a pull rope, pulleys, a positioning rod, a supporting structure, an anchor system, power generation equipment and the like.
According to the condition of the incident wave, the angle of the vertical wall surface forming the shrinkage wave channel is adjusted, so that the wave height of the incident wave passing through the shrinkage wave channel is increased, and the wave energy is gathered. The wave with increased wave height enters the wave-gathering floating body to generate hydrodynamic interaction with the water body in the narrow slit, the wave height of the water body in the narrow slit is increased, wave energy is further gathered, and particularly when the natural oscillation frequency of the water body in the narrow slit is close to the wave frequency entering the floating body, the water body in the narrow slit generates resonance, the wave height is greatly increased, and the wave energy is gathered to the greatest extent. The oscillating buoy is excited by the wave in the narrow slit to do periodic heave motion, and the wave energy is converted into the mechanical energy of the heave motion of the oscillating buoy. A stay cord connected with the oscillating floater drags a reel of the power generation equipment to rotate through two groups of pulleys above and below water, and a permanent magnet magnetic pole coaxial with the reel is driven to rotate around a stator coil to realize power generation. Wherein, the locating rod respectively connected with the upper part and the lower part of the oscillating floater into a whole passes through the locating hole on the supporting structure so as to ensure that the oscillating floater performs heave motion relative to the narrow slit at any time.
The two groups of vertical wall surfaces which are symmetrically arranged form a shrinkage wave channel, the shrinkage end is connected with the wave-gathering floating body through a hinge, and the included angle between the vertical wall surfaces and the wave propagation direction is changed within the range of 30-60 degrees.
The wave-gathering floating body is of an integral structure with certain mass and volume floating on a wave surface and a certain depth, forms a narrow slit resonance system with a narrow slit positioned in the middle position, and provides support for the whole system.
The length and the width of the oscillating floater are slightly smaller than the corresponding size of the narrow slit, and the thickness and the draft of the oscillating floater are consistent with those of the wave-gathering floater.
One end of each of the four groups of positioning rods is connected with the oscillating floater into a whole, and the other end of each positioning rod penetrates through the positioning hole arranged on the supporting structure and slides freely in the positioning hole.
The four groups of return springs are respectively sleeved on the four groups of positioning rods, and two ends of the return springs are respectively fixed on the positioning holes and the positioning rods.
The stay cord has certain elasticity, and elasticity coefficient is great, and the stay cord is in the state of tightening, can effectually drag power generation facility's reel rotation.
The power generation equipment is arranged on the wave-collecting floating body and has necessary insulation and waterproof performances.
The system of the invention also comprises four groups of anchor systems, and the anchor cables of the four groups of anchor systems are used for respectively connecting the four end angles of the wave-gathering floating body with the sea bottom, so as to fix the whole system at the designated sea surface position and obviously reduce the motion amplitude of the wave-gathering floating body under wave excitation.
The invention provides a narrow slit wave-gathering type efficient wave energy absorbing device, which is based on the principle of narrow slit fluid resonance between floating bodies, and utilizes low-grade wave energy with smaller wave height and low utilization value by contracting wave channel wave gathering and narrow slit fluid resonance. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of novel principle, simple structure, low construction cost and wide application range, and is especially suitable for wide sea areas in coastal China.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the economy and the high efficiency of wave energy conversion are improved, and the full, economical and high-efficiency utilization of low-grade renewable energy sources with low resource utilization value is realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, which are only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The narrow slit wave-focusing type efficient wave energy absorbing device mainly comprises vertical wall surfaces 1 and 2, wave-focusing floating bodies 3 and 4, narrow slits 5, oscillating floats 6, supporting structures 7 and 8, positioning rods 9 and 10, positioning holes 11 and 12, return springs 13 and 14, pulleys 15 and 16, a pull rope 17, power generating equipment 18, hinges 19 and 20, anchors 21, 22, 23 and 24 and the like as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The system comprises a secondary wave-focusing and a secondary energy conversion in a specific working process. Firstly, the incident wave 18 enters the inlet of a shrinkage wave channel formed by the symmetrically arranged vertical wall surfaces 1 and 2, and along with the shrinkage of the wave channel, the wave is gathered, the wave height is increased, and the wave energy density is improved, namely, the first-stage wave gathering. Then, the waves after first-stage wave focusing sequentially pass through the wave focusing floating body front part 3 and the wave focusing floating body rear part 4 to generate hydrodynamic interaction with the water body in the narrow slit 5, the wave height in the narrow slit 5 is greatly increased, and the wave energy density is further improved, namely, second-stage wave focusing. The oscillating buoy 6 is excited by the wave in the water body of the narrow slit 5 to do periodic heave motion, and the wave energy is converted into the mechanical energy of the heave motion of the oscillating buoy 6, namely the first-stage energy conversion. Wherein positioning rods 11, 12 integrally connected with the upper part and the lower part of the oscillating buoy 6 respectively pass through positioning holes 11, 12 on the supporting structures 7, 8 to ensure that the oscillating buoy 6 performs heave motion in the narrow slit 5 relative to the wave-gathering floating bodies 3, 4 at any moment. The stay 17 connected with the oscillating buoy 6 drags the reel 18-3 of the power generation device 18 to rotate through the two groups of pulleys 15 and 16 on water and the lower water, the permanent magnet magnetic pole 18-2 coaxial with the reel 18-3 rotates relative to the stator coil 18-1, magnetic force lines are cut for generating electricity, and finally, the mechanical energy of the heave motion of the oscillating buoy 6 is converted into electric energy, namely, the second-stage energy conversion is carried out.
In this embodiment, the two sets of vertical wall surfaces 1 and 2 are symmetrically arranged to form a shrinkage channel structure, and the wave inlet width of the channel is larger than the wave outlet width, and the wave outlet width is consistent with the crest line width of the wave-gathering floating body front portion 3. The vertical wall surfaces 1 and 2 are respectively connected with two end angles of the front part 2 of the wave-collecting floating body through hinges 19 and 20, so that the included angle between the vertical wall surfaces 1 and 2 and the wave propagation direction can be changed within the range of 30-60 degrees, and better wave energy density is obtained.
The specific wave-gathering effect detection of the shrinkage wave channel structure formed by the two groups of vertical wall surfaces 1 and 2 in the embodiment under different conditions finds that when the included angle between the vertical wall surfaces 1 and 2 and the propagation direction of the incident wave 25 is 60 degrees, the wave energy loss caused by wave reflection is the least, the wave gathering effect is the best, and specifically, the greater the wave entrance width of the shrinkage wave channel is, the more remarkable the wave energy gathering effect is when the included angle is 30 degrees to 60 degrees, the greater the wave entrance width of the shrinkage wave channel is, and the more remarkable the wave energy gathering effect is when the wave entrance width of the shrinkage wave channel is assumed to be 5.0b and the exit width is b, and after wave gathering, the wave energy density can be improved to be 4.4 times as much as the original wave entrance height is about 2.1 h.
The wave-gathering floating bodies 3 and 4 have certain volume and mass, float at a certain depth of a wave surface, are divided into two parts of the same wave-gathering floating body front part 3 and wave-gathering floating body rear part 4, and a cuboid narrow slit 5 which is narrow along the wave propagation direction is arranged at the middle position of the wave-gathering floating bodies 3 and 4.
In this embodiment, numerical simulation shows that the immersion depth d of the wave-gathering floating bodies 3 and 4 is between 1/2 of the wave height H and 1/8 of the wavelength λ, and the smaller the wave circle frequency ω is, the larger the immersion depth d should be, so as to ensure that the incident wave 25 can have a stronger hydrodynamic influence on the water body in the narrow slit 5.
Further, according to numerical simulation conclusion, in the main wave circle frequency range (1.05 rsd/s is less than or equal to omega is less than or equal to 3.14 rad/s) of the coastal areas of China, the ratio s/L of the width s of the narrow slit 5 perpendicular to the crest line to the total width L of the wave gathering floating bodies 3 and 4 perpendicular to the crest line approximately accords with the following linear relation that s/L= -0.016 omega+0.087, namely, s/L satisfies that s/L is less than or equal to 0.037 and less than or equal to 0.070, and the water in the narrow slit 5 can reach resonance under the wave condition of the coastal areas of China.
The oscillating floater 6 is a cuboid floater, the length and the width of the oscillating floater are slightly smaller than the corresponding size of the narrow slit 5, and the thickness and the draft are consistent with those of the wave-gathering floaters 3 and 4.
The two ends of the pull rope 17 are respectively connected with the centers of the upper surface and the lower surface of the oscillating floater 6, sequentially pass through pulleys 15 and 16 connected to the supporting structures 7 and 8, the pull rope 17 has certain elasticity and self-tightness, the elasticity coefficient is large, and the pull rope 17 is in a tightening state at any time, so that the reel 18-3 of the power generation equipment 18 can be effectively dragged to rotate.
The four groups of positioning rods 9 and 10 are arranged, one ends of the two groups of positioning rods 9 and 10 are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the oscillating floater 6 to form an integral structure, and the other ends of the positioning rods 9 and 10 respectively penetrate through positioning holes 11 and 12 on the supporting structures 7 and 8. The positioning rods 9, 10 are free to slide in the positioning holes 11, 12 to ensure that the oscillating buoy 6 only performs a single degree of heave motion in the narrow slit 5.
The supporting structures 7 and 8 are respectively fixedly arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rear part 4 of the wave-collecting floating body, and the crest line width of the supporting structures 7 and 8 is very narrow so as to reduce the influence on the propagation of the incident wave 25.
The return springs 13 and 14 are four groups and sleeved on the corresponding positioning rods 9 and 10, and two ends of the return springs 13 and 14 are respectively fixed on the positioning holes 11 and 12 and the positioning rods 9 and 10. The return springs 13, 14 provide a partial return force for the heave motion of the oscillating buoy 6. Further, under still water conditions, the return springs 13, 14 are in a natural extended state.
The power generation device 18 is mounted on the wave-collecting floating body front portion 3 and has necessary insulation and waterproof properties.
The main structure of the power generation equipment 18 comprises two groups of stator coils 18-1, permanent magnet poles 18-2, winding wheels 18-3, rope guides 18-4 and the like. The permanent magnet pole 18-2 is coaxial with the reel 18-3, and the rope guide 18-4 is used for neatly arranging the pull rope 17 on the reel 18-3. In a specific operation, the pull rope 17 connected with the oscillating floater 6 drags the winding wheel 18-3 to rotate through the pulleys 15 and 16, so that the permanent magnet magnetic pole 18-2 is driven to rotate around the stator coil 18-1 to realize power generation.
In the embodiment of the invention, four groups of anchors 21, 22, 23 and 24 are included, and the anchor lines of the four groups of anchors 21, 22, 23 and 24 are used for respectively connecting the end angles of the wave-gathering floating bodies 3 and 4 with the sea bottom and fixing the whole system at a designated sea surface position and remarkably reducing the oscillation amplitude of the wave-gathering floating bodies 3 and 4 under wave excitation.
In a specific embodiment, the vertical wall surfaces 1 and 2, the wave-gathering floating bodies 3 and 4, the oscillating floats 6, the supporting structures 7 and 8, the pull ropes 17, the power generation equipment 18 and other main structures can be adjusted according to the wave conditions of the sea area, and the whole device has a floating structure, so that the device has good adaptability to the water depth of the working water area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages of novel principle, simple structure, low construction cost and wide application range, can fully utilize dispersed wave energy with low energy density, improves the economy and high efficiency of wave energy conversion, and realizes the full, economic and high-efficiency utilization of low-grade renewable energy sources with low resource utilization value.
The foregoing has outlined and described the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.