CN111112634A - Device and method for preparing metal powder - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing metal powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN111112634A CN111112634A CN202010053129.4A CN202010053129A CN111112634A CN 111112634 A CN111112634 A CN 111112634A CN 202010053129 A CN202010053129 A CN 202010053129A CN 111112634 A CN111112634 A CN 111112634A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009700 powder processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
- B22F2009/0856—Skull melting
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Abstract
The invention adopts a brand new process path, designs a preparation method of titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy powder with high yield, high quality and low cost, can adopt new materials or return materials as raw materials, directly obtains metal powder by combining smelting and atomization through a one-step method, greatly improves the yield of metal powder preparation, and reduces the cost of metal powder preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and particularly relates to a preparation technology of titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy powder.
Background
Titanium and titanium alloys have high strength, low density and excellent corrosion resistance properties, which make them highly attractive in many applications. For example, aircraft (high strength in combination with low density), aircraft engines (high strength, low density and good creep resistance up to 550 ℃), biomedical devices (corrosion resistance and high strength, good biological bonding) and chemical equipment (corrosion resistance), etc. Due to the complex refining process of the titanium sponge of the smelting raw material and the unique processing technology and special quality requirement of the titanium, the yield is low in the material processing and component manufacturing processes, the yield of the titanium and titanium alloy bars from the titanium sponge to the processed material is 40-60%, and the yield of the processed airplane parts is only about 10-25%, so that the titanium product is expensive.
The powder metallurgy method or 3D printing is used for manufacturing parts, is a near-net-shape forming processing technology with few or no cutting scraps, can greatly improve the utilization rate of metal, and is an important way for reducing the cost of titanium and titanium alloy parts. Although the yield of powder metallurgy can theoretically reach 100%, the yield of raw metal powder is an important problem in the industry. The titanium alloy is prepared from raw materials to powder through a plurality of processes of smelting, forging, rolling and milling, the yield of the titanium and titanium alloy powder is only 30-50%, a large amount of waste materials such as turning black skin which cannot be utilized are generated in the middle, the milling process is complex, milling equipment is high in price, production energy consumption is high, and the price of the titanium and titanium alloy powder is high. This factor also greatly restricts the further development and application of titanium alloy powder metallurgy and 3D printing.
The high-temperature alloy is a metal material which takes iron, nickel and cobalt as the base and can work for a long time at the high temperature of more than 600 ℃ under the action of certain stress; and has high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, good fatigue performance, good fracture toughness and other comprehensive properties. The high-temperature alloy is a single austenite structure, has good structure stability and use reliability at various temperatures, is higher in alloying degree based on the performance characteristics, is also called as super alloy, and is an important material widely applied to aviation, aerospace, petroleum, chemical industry and ships. At present, on advanced engines, high temperature alloys account for half of the total weight, and nickel alloys are used not only for turbine blades and combustors, but also for turbine disks and even later stages of compressor blades.
The high-temperature alloy material can be divided into a deformed high-temperature alloy, a cast high-temperature alloy, a powder metallurgy high-temperature alloy and a divergent cooling high-temperature alloy according to the manufacturing process. The high-temperature alloy has relatively low alloying degree, so that the high-temperature strength is low, but the comprehensive performance is good, the high-temperature alloy has good hot working plasticity, and can be processed into parts with different shapes through hot deformation; the high-temperature alloy has high alloying degree and high-temperature strength, but is difficult or impossible to carry out hot working deformation, so that the high-temperature alloy is manufactured into a part by adopting precision casting; the powder metallurgy high-temperature alloy is a new material developed in the 70 s of the 20 th century, liquid metal is adopted for atomizing and spraying powder or a high-energy ball mill is adopted for preparing powder, so that the grain structure is fine, segregation is basically eliminated, the hot workability is obviously improved, and cast high-temperature alloy which is difficult to deform can be converted into deformed high-temperature alloy to prepare a high-performance turbine disc; the diffusion cooling high-temperature alloy is a porous material formed by pressing metal powder or a wire mesh, a stable and continuous boundary layer is formed on the surface of a porous body by a cooling medium, the heat insulation and cooling effects are achieved, and the diffusion cooling high-temperature alloy can work at the extreme high temperature of 3500 ℃ and is usually used as an injector panel of a rocket engine.
Compared with the traditional cast forging high temperature alloy, the high temperature alloy prepared by adopting the powder metallurgy method has the advantages of uniform structure, no macrosegregation, high yield strength, good fatigue performance and the like, overcomes the segregation (nonuniformity) generated by the conventional process, each particle of the used pre-alloyed powder is a 'microscopic steel ingot', the alloy segregation can only occur in a tiny range of the powder particle, can improve the comprehensive performance of the alloy, can reduce the cutting processing amount and improve the utilization rate of the alloy. Particularly, as the components of the high-temperature alloy become more complex and the size of parts is increased, the powder metallurgy high-temperature alloy shows greater superiority. However, powder metallurgy high temperature alloys, like powder metallurgy titanium alloys, suffer from problems such as low yield of powder and high price.
The preparation of metal powder can be divided into the following steps according to the crushing mode: double-flow atomization (gas, water and oil), vacuum atomization, rotary atomization and the like. Gas atomization technology is the main method for producing metal and alloy powders. The atomized powder has the advantages of high sphericity, controllable powder granularity, low oxygen content, low production cost, suitability for the production of various metal and alloy powders and the like, and becomes the main development direction of the preparation technology of high-performance and special alloy powders. The basic principle of gas atomization is the process of breaking up a stream of liquid metal into small droplets with a high velocity gas stream and solidifying into a powder. The core of the method is to control the action process of gas on metal liquid flow so that the kinetic energy of the gas flow is converted into the surface energy of the new powder to the maximum extent.
The preparation of conventional metal powders can be divided into three steps: smelting raw materials, manufacturing bars and preparing powder from the bars. The smelting of the raw materials refers to smelting the raw materials (sponge titanium, metallic nickel and the like) into titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy master alloy by adopting a vacuum induction furnace (VIM) or a vacuum consumable electrode (VAR), an electroslag furnace (ESR) and other duplex or duplex process after mixing the raw materials according to a certain proportion. The bar manufacturing refers to that a titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy master alloy cast ingot is subjected to procedures of peeling, forging, rolling, finishing and the like according to the requirements of powder manufacturing equipment to obtain a small-sized bar. The rod material powder processing refers to that titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy rods are melted by adopting powder processing equipment to form fine powder. The preparation process is complex in process, metal needs to be smelted and remelted for multiple times, and surface turning is carried out for multiple times to remove oxides on the surfaces of ingots or bars, the whole process is high in energy consumption, low in yield and poor in cost stability, so that metal powder is expensive in the current market, and the application and development of powder metallurgy and 3D printing technologies are limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reduce the steps of remelting, peeling and the like in the traditional process by combining the smelting and atomizing processes, and prepare metal powder by adopting a direct one-step method of raw materials. An apparatus and method for preparing metal powder are provided.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a device for preparing metal powder, which comprises a feeding system, a smelting chamber, an atomizing tower and a vacuum system, and is characterized in that the vacuum system is respectively communicated with the smelting chamber and the atomizing tower; the feeding system adopts a crawler-type feeding mechanism to convey the raw materials to the smelting chamber; the plasma gun is arranged at the top of the smelting chamber, is respectively positioned above the feeding system, the smelting cold bed and the water-cooled crucible and is used for melting raw materials, refining and keeping the superheat degree of molten metal, the smelting cold bed is made of copper and is provided with a water-cooled structure, and the molten metal is guided to the water-cooled crucible from the smelting cold bed through the pouring gate; be equipped with water-cooling crucible and high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle in the atomizing tower, water-cooling crucible upper shed is located the smelting chamber and corresponds with the casting gate in the smelting chamber, and water-cooling crucible's bottom is connected with high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle, and in the atomizing tower was entered into to the molten metal formed slight powder particle under the high velocity gas flow effect, the collection obtained metal powder through collection device.
Preferably, a plasma gun may be additionally provided above the cooling bed as required to maintain the degree of superheat of the molten metal.
The invention also provides a method for preparing metal powder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a metal raw material, wherein the raw material is a new material or a return material; the metal is titanium, titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy;
step 2: smelting and pulverizing:
preparing a solidified shell: laying a layer of raw materials with the same brand on a cooling bed, vacuumizing a smelting chamber, backfilling helium, opening a plasma gun, completely melting the raw materials, closing the plasma gun, and solidifying the raw materials to form a solidified shell;
smelting: putting the prepared raw materials into a feeding system of a powder making device, pushing the raw materials into a smelting chamber by the feeding system, melting the raw materials by a plasma gun above the feeding system, flowing the molten raw materials through a skull on a cooling bed, capturing high-density impurities on the skull, decomposing low-density impurities by plasma flame above the cooling bed, maintaining the superheat degree of molten metal by the plasma gun above the cooling bed, and pushing the molten metal to flow to a pouring gate by the plasma flame to enter a water-cooled crucible through the pouring gate;
milling: a plasma gun is arranged above the water-cooled crucible to ensure the superheat degree of the metal liquid, the molten metal enters a high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle through the water-cooled crucible, helium is adopted by the atomizing nozzle, and the molten metal forms fine powder particles under the action of high-speed airflow and enters an atomizing tower;
and step 3: powder screening:
after smelting and powder making are finished, taking out the metal powder in the atomizing tower, mixing uniformly, and screening by adopting screening equipment to obtain the metal powder meeting the requirements.
Preferably, in step 1, the processing of the new material includes: titanium and titanium alloy according to the required alloy proportion, titanium sponge and other alloy elements are uniformly mixed and then pressed into blocks; the high-temperature alloy is prepared into blocks after uniformly mixing metallic nickel and alloy elements according to the required alloy proportion.
Preferably, in the step 1, the processing of the return includes: the titanium, titanium alloy or high temperature alloy with the same grade is cut into small blocks and then subjected to surface treatment to remove surface oxides and greasy dirt impurities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the preparation method of the patent can use the return material as the raw material, so that the components of the metal powder are more stable, and the cost is greatly reduced.
2. The preparation method designed by the patent can obtain metal powder at one time, so that the process of repeatedly smelting conventional high-temperature alloy titanium alloy is omitted, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced.
3. The preparation method designed by the patent avoids forging or rolling the ingot or the bar, reduces the generation of turning waste materials, and greatly improves the yield.
4. According to the preparation method designed by the patent, multiple processes such as remelting, forging, rolling and the like are omitted, and the production period of powder preparation is greatly shortened.
5. The preparation method designed by the patent can remove high-density and low-density inclusions in the raw materials and improve the quality level of the powder.
6. The preparation method designed by the patent can be used for mixing uniformly after the metal in the whole process is made into powder, so that the problem of non-uniform components is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an apparatus for manufacturing metal powder according to the present invention; the device comprises a charging system 1, a smelting chamber 2, a plasma gun 3, a first plasma gun 301, a second plasma gun 302, a third plasma gun 303, a smelting cold bed 4, a casting gate 5, a water-cooled crucible 6, a high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle 7, an atomizing tower 8, a vacuum system 9, a skull 10 and molten metal 11.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for preparing metal powder adopted in each embodiment of the present invention specifically includes a charging system 1, a melting chamber 2, an atomizing tower 8 and a vacuum system 9, wherein the vacuum system 9 is respectively communicated with the melting chamber 2 and the atomizing tower 8; the feeding system 1 adopts a crawler-type feeding mechanism to convey raw materials to the smelting chamber 2; a first plasma gun 301, a second plasma gun 302, a third plasma gun 303, a smelting cold bed 4 and a casting gate 5 are arranged in the smelting chamber 2, and the plasma guns 3 are arranged at the top of the smelting chamber, wherein the first plasma gun 301 is positioned above the charging system 1 and is used for melting raw materials, the second plasma gun 302 is positioned above the smelting cold bed 4 and is used for refining molten metal, the third plasma gun 303 is positioned above the water-cooled crucible 6 and is used for keeping the superheat degree of the molten metal, the smelting cold bed 4 is made of copper and is provided with a water-cooling structure, and the casting gate 5 guides the molten metal to the water-cooled crucible 6 from the cold bed; be equipped with water-cooling crucible 6 and high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle 7 in the atomizing tower 8, 6 suitable for reading of water-cooling crucible is located melting chamber 2 and corresponds with casting gate 5 in melting chamber 2, and the bottom and the high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle 7 of water-cooling crucible 6 are connected, and in the molten metal formed slight powder granule and entered atomizing tower 8 under the high velocity gas flow effect, follow-up powder was collected and was sieved through collection device.
Example one: titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V powder prepared by adopting new sponge titanium and alloy element materials
1. Preparing raw materials: 24.572kg of Al-V (50 wt%) master alloy, 5.644kg of aluminum wire and 269.784kg of small-particle sponge titanium with the purity of 99.9% are uniformly mixed and pressed into blocks to obtain 300kg of raw materials;
2. smelting and pulverizing:
preparing a solidified shell: laying a layer of raw materials with the same mark on a smelting cold bed, vacuumizing a smelting chamber, backfilling helium, opening a plasma gun, completely melting the raw materials, closing the plasma gun, and solidifying the raw materials to form a solidified shell;
smelting: putting the prepared raw materials into a feeding system of a powder making device, pushing the raw materials into a smelting chamber by the feeding system, melting the raw materials by a plasma gun above the feeding system, flowing the molten raw materials through a skull on a cooling bed, capturing high-density impurities on the skull, decomposing low-density impurities by plasma flame above the cooling bed, maintaining the superheat degree of molten metal by the plasma gun above the cooling bed, and pushing the molten metal to flow to a pouring gate by the plasma flame to enter a water-cooled crucible through the pouring gate;
milling: a plasma gun is arranged above the water-cooled crucible to ensure the superheat degree of the metal liquid, the molten metal enters a high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle through the water-cooled crucible, helium is adopted by the atomizing nozzle, and the molten metal forms fine powder particles under the action of high-speed airflow and enters an atomizing tower;
3. powder screening: and after the smelting is finished, taking out the powder in the atomizing tower, uniformly mixing and screening to obtain 221.2KG Ti-6Al-4V powder.
4. The particle size of the powder is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 preparation of Ti-6Al-4V powder particle size distribution with the New Material
5. The ingredients of the powder are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 chemical composition wt% of Ti-6Al-4V powder prepared from the novel material
Example two: titanium alloy powder prepared from titanium alloy return material
1. Preparing raw materials: and (3) carrying out component detection on the Ti-6Al-4V return material, cutting after the component detection meets the requirements, carrying out surface treatment after cutting into small blocks, and removing impurities such as oil stains, oxides and the like to obtain 200kg of raw material.
The chemical compositions of the raw materials are shown in a table 3;
TABLE 3 chemical composition wt% of Ti-6Al-4V returns
2. Smelting and pulverizing:
preparing a solidified shell: laying a layer of raw materials with the same mark on a smelting cold bed, vacuumizing a smelting chamber, backfilling helium, opening a plasma gun, completely melting the raw materials, closing the plasma gun, and solidifying the raw materials to form a solidified shell;
smelting: putting the prepared raw materials into a feeding system of a powder making device, pushing the raw materials into a smelting chamber by the feeding system, melting the raw materials by a plasma gun above the feeding system, flowing the molten raw materials through a skull on a cooling bed, capturing high-density impurities on the skull, decomposing low-density impurities by plasma flame above the cooling bed, maintaining the superheat degree of molten metal by the plasma gun above the cooling bed, and pushing the molten metal to flow to a pouring gate by the plasma flame to enter a water-cooled crucible through the pouring gate;
milling: a plasma gun is arranged above the water-cooled crucible to ensure the superheat degree of the metal liquid, the molten metal enters a high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle through the water-cooled crucible, helium is adopted by the atomizing nozzle, and the molten metal forms fine powder particles under the action of high-speed airflow and enters an atomizing tower;
3. powder screening: and after the smelting is finished, taking out the powder in the atomizing tower, uniformly mixing and screening to obtain Ti-6Al-4V powder 148.6 KG.
4. The particle size of the powder is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 preparation of Ti-6Al-4V powder particle size distribution from Return
5. The composition of the powder is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 chemical composition wt% of Ti-6Al-4V powder prepared from recycled material
Claims (5)
1. The device for preparing the metal powder comprises a feeding system (1), a smelting chamber (2), an atomizing tower (8) and a vacuum system (9), and is characterized in that the vacuum system (8) is respectively communicated with the smelting chamber (2) and the atomizing tower (8); the feeding system (1) adopts a crawler-type feeding mechanism to convey raw materials to the smelting chamber (2); the smelting chamber (2) is internally provided with a plasma gun (3), a smelting cold bed (4) and a casting gate (5), the plasma gun (3) is arranged at the top of the smelting chamber and is respectively positioned above the feeding system (1), the smelting cold bed (4) and the water-cooled crucible (6) and used for melting raw materials, refining and keeping the superheat degree of molten metal, the smelting cold bed (4) is made of copper and is provided with a water-cooled structure, and the molten metal is guided to the water-cooled crucible (6) from the smelting cold bed (4) through the casting gate (5); be equipped with water-cooling crucible (6) and high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle (7) in atomizing tower (8), water-cooling crucible (6) are gone up the mouth and are located melting chamber (2) and correspond with casting gate (5) in melting chamber (2), and the bottom and the high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle (7) of water-cooling crucible (6) are connected, and in the molten metal formed fine powder granule and entered into atomizing tower (8) under the high velocity gas stream effect, the collection obtained metal powder through collection device.
2. The apparatus for producing metal powder according to claim 1, wherein a plasma torch (3) is added above the melting hearth (4) as needed to maintain the degree of superheat of the molten metal.
3. A method for producing metal powder, characterized by using the apparatus of claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
step 1, preparing a metal raw material, wherein the raw material is a new material or a return material; the metal is titanium, titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy;
step 2: smelting and pulverizing:
preparing a solidified shell: laying a layer of raw materials with the same brand on a cooling bed, vacuumizing a smelting chamber, backfilling helium, opening a plasma gun, completely melting the raw materials, closing the plasma gun, and solidifying the raw materials to form a solidified shell;
smelting: putting the prepared raw materials into a feeding system of a powder making device, pushing the raw materials into a smelting chamber by the feeding system, melting the raw materials by a plasma gun above the feeding system, flowing the molten raw materials through a skull on a cooling bed, capturing high-density impurities on the skull, decomposing low-density impurities by plasma flame above the cooling bed, maintaining the superheat degree of molten metal by the plasma gun above the cooling bed, and pushing the molten metal to flow to a pouring gate by the plasma flame to enter a water-cooled crucible through the pouring gate;
milling: a plasma gun is arranged above the water-cooled crucible to ensure the superheat degree of the metal liquid, the molten metal enters a high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle through the water-cooled crucible, helium is adopted by the atomizing nozzle, and the molten metal forms fine powder particles under the action of high-speed airflow and enters an atomizing tower;
and step 3: powder screening:
after smelting and powder making are finished, taking out the metal powder in the atomizing tower, mixing uniformly, and screening by adopting screening equipment to obtain the metal powder meeting the requirements.
4. A method of producing metal powder as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 1, the processing of the fresh material comprises: titanium and titanium alloy according to the required alloy proportion, titanium sponge and other alloy elements are uniformly mixed and then pressed into blocks; the high-temperature alloy is prepared into blocks after uniformly mixing metallic nickel and alloy elements according to the required alloy proportion.
5. The method for producing metal powder according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1, the treatment of the returned material includes: the titanium, titanium alloy or high temperature alloy with the same grade is cut into small blocks and then subjected to surface treatment to remove surface oxides and greasy dirt impurities.
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