CN111102095B - Low heat dissipation composite structure piston - Google Patents
Low heat dissipation composite structure piston Download PDFInfo
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- CN111102095B CN111102095B CN201911328311.XA CN201911328311A CN111102095B CN 111102095 B CN111102095 B CN 111102095B CN 201911328311 A CN201911328311 A CN 201911328311A CN 111102095 B CN111102095 B CN 111102095B
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- Prior art keywords
- piston
- heat insulation
- aluminum body
- insulation pad
- steel top
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
- F02F3/0023—Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0084—Pistons the pistons being constructed from specific materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0084—Pistons the pistons being constructed from specific materials
- F02F3/0092—Pistons the pistons being constructed from specific materials the material being steel-plate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
- F02F3/12—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/28—Other pistons with specially-shaped head
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a piston with a low heat dissipation combined structure, which comprises a piston steel top, a heat insulation pad, an independent ring seat, a positioning ring, an aluminum body, a lining, a bolt, a gasket group and a locking nut, wherein the piston steel top is provided with a heat insulation pad; the piston steel top, the heat insulation pad and the aluminum body are sequentially connected through bolts; the first ring seat of the piston adopts an independent ring seat structure, is arranged at the top end of the aluminum body and is pressed tightly through the piston steel top and the heat insulation pad; an air sealing heat insulation cavity is formed between the concave structure in the middle of the piston steel top and the aluminum body, a spigot is arranged on the outer side of the extension of the concave structure of the piston steel top, and the positioning ring is arranged between the heat insulation pad at the position of the spigot and the aluminum body. The invention effectively isolates the heat transfer from the piston top to the aluminum body, and the heat insulation is carried out through three forms of air heat insulation, low-heat-dissipation metal pad physical heat insulation and combined structure contact thermal resistance, so that the temperature of the aluminum body is controlled in a reasonable range, and the mechanical property of the aluminum body is not greatly degraded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine pistons, and particularly relates to a piston with a low heat dissipation combined structure.
Background
At present, cast aluminum pistons are mostly adopted in four-stroke diesel engines to achieve the purposes of reducing the piston mass and reducing the reciprocating inertia force of the pistons, but the limit temperature which can be borne by the cast aluminum pistons is low and is about 420 ℃, the temperature borne by the pistons is continuously increased along with the continuous increase of the combustion pressure of an engine, the cast aluminum pistons are difficult to bear the high temperature, and the pistons are easy to ablate.
To solve the above problems, there are generally three approaches:
firstly, a combined piston with a steel top and an aluminum skirt is adopted, a cooling oil duct is arranged between the piston top and an aluminum body, the temperatures of the piston top and the aluminum body are reduced through engine oil cooling in the working process, and the structure needs more sufficient engine oil flow to control the temperature of the bottom of a first ring groove to be in a proper range;
secondly, a steel top aluminum skirt heat insulation structure is adopted, a metal heat insulation pad is additionally arranged between the piston top and the aluminum body, the piston top is made of heat-resistant steel, partial heat transfer from the piston top to the aluminum body is reduced through the metal heat insulation pad, so that the temperature of the aluminum body is reduced, and a cooling oil duct structure is omitted at the same time, although the piston top can bear higher temperature, the heat insulation capability of the metal heat insulation pad is limited, and the overall mass is larger;
thirdly, on the basis of the whole aluminum piston, a heat insulation coating is sprayed on the top surface of the aluminum piston to reduce the heat transfer from a combustion chamber to the piston and reduce the surface temperature of the piston, but the heat insulation coating is easy to crack and fall off under the influence of the thermal deformation of the piston, and the reliability problem is still difficult to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a piston with a low heat dissipation assembly structure, which effectively isolates the heat transfer from the piston to the aluminum body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a piston with a low heat dissipation combined structure comprises a piston steel top, a heat insulation pad, an independent ring seat, a positioning ring, an aluminum body, a lining, a bolt, a gasket group and a locking nut;
the piston steel roof, the heat insulation pad and the aluminum body are sequentially connected through bolts, the piston steel roof and the bolt head are in interference fit connection to form a whole, and the bolt head is cut and processed to be consistent with the shape of the piston steel roof combustion chamber;
the first ring seat of the piston adopts an independent ring seat structure, is arranged at the top end of the aluminum body and is pressed tightly through the piston steel top and the heat insulation pad;
an air sealing heat insulation cavity is formed between the concave structure in the middle of the piston steel top and the aluminum body, a spigot is arranged on the outer side of the extension of the concave structure of the piston steel top, the positioning ring is arranged between the heat insulation pad at the spigot position and the aluminum body, and the spigot, the positioning ring, the heat insulation pad and the aluminum body form a sealing structure of the air sealing heat insulation cavity in the center of the piston;
an outer circumferential air sealing heat insulation cavity is formed between the groove structure close to the outer side of the piston steel top and the heat insulation pad;
the bottom end of the bolt is positioned at the bottom side of the piston pin boss and is fixed through a locking nut, and a sealing gasket group is arranged between the locking nut and the aluminum body; and a bushing is arranged in the pin hole of the aluminum body, and oil inlet holes are formed in the bushing and the bottom of the aluminum body close to the piston.
Furthermore, a flat notch is arranged on the outer side of the matching surface of the heat insulation pad and the independent ring seat.
Furthermore, a small gap is formed between the middle spigot of the piston steel top and the positioning ring as well as between the middle spigot of the piston steel top and the aluminum body.
Furthermore, the heat insulation pad adopts a heat-resistant steel base material with low heat conductivity, and a heat insulation coating with the thickness of 0.3-0.4mm is sprayed on the surface of the heat insulation pad.
Furthermore, the bolt is a reducing elastic bolt.
Furthermore, the ball sealing gasket component comprises an upper gasket and a lower gasket, a sealing ring is arranged between the upper gasket and the lower gasket, and a contact surface between the lower gasket and the locking nut is an arc-shaped contact surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention effectively isolates the heat transfer from the piston top to the aluminum body, and the heat insulation is carried out through three forms of air heat insulation, low-heat-dissipation metal pad physical heat insulation and combined structure contact thermal resistance, so that the temperature of the aluminum body is controlled within a reasonable range, and the mechanical property of the aluminum body is not greatly degraded.
(2) The piston top surface of the invention can bear remarkably improved temperature and improved thermal efficiency, the piston steel top adopts titanium alloy, the surface is sprayed with a 0.02-0.05mm protective layer, and can bear higher temperature, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of piston top ablation caused by the increase of power lifting thermal load, simultaneously reducing the heat loss in the cylinder and also improving the thermal efficiency of the engine.
(3) The composite heat-insulation piston is simple to machine and light in weight, does not use complex structures such as cooling oil ducts and the like, and reduces the design and machining cost. In addition, the mass of the piston top is directly lightened due to the addition of the air heat insulation cavity.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a low heat dissipation composite piston according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the area I in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the region II in fig. 1.
Description of reference numerals:
the piston steel top 1, the heat insulating pad 2, the independent ring seat 3, the locating ring 4, the aluminum body 5, the lining 6, the bolt 7, the gasket group 8, the locking nut 9, the sealing ring 10, the upper gasket 11 and the lower gasket 12.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention discloses a piston with a low heat dissipation combined structure, which comprises a piston steel top 1, a heat insulation pad 2, an independent ring seat 3, a positioning ring 4, an aluminum body 5, a lining 6, a bolt 7, a gasket group 8 and a locking nut 9, wherein the piston steel top is provided with a heat insulation pad;
the piston steel roof 1, the heat insulation pad 2 and the aluminum body 5 are sequentially connected through a bolt 7, the piston steel roof 1 and the head of the bolt 7 are in interference connection to form a whole, and the head of the bolt 7 is cut to be consistent with the shape of a combustion chamber of the piston steel roof 1;
the first ring seat of the piston adopts an independent ring seat 3 structure, is arranged at the top end of the aluminum body 5 and is pressed tightly through the piston steel top 1 and the heat insulation pad 2, and as shown in figure 2, a flat notch is arranged on the outer side of the matching surface of the heat insulation pad 2 and the independent ring seat 3;
an air sealing heat insulation cavity is formed between the concave structure in the middle of the piston steel top 1 and the aluminum body 5, a spigot is arranged on the outer side of the extension of the concave structure of the piston steel top 1, the positioning ring 4 is arranged between the heat insulation pad 2 and the aluminum body 5 at the position of the spigot, and the spigot, the positioning ring 4, the heat insulation pad 2 and the aluminum body 5 jointly form a sealing structure of the air sealing heat insulation cavity in the center of the piston;
wherein, a small clearance is arranged between the middle spigot of the piston steel top 1 and the positioning ring 4 and the aluminum body 5;
an outer circumferential air sealing heat insulation cavity is formed between the groove structure of the piston steel top 1 close to the outer side and the heat insulation pad 2;
the heat insulation pad 2 is made of a heat-resistant steel base material with low heat conductivity (thermal diffusion) and a heat insulation coating with the surface being sprayed with 0.3-0.4 mm;
the bolt 7 is a variable-diameter elastic bolt, the head of the bolt 7 is in interference connection with the piston steel top 1, the other end of the bolt is positioned at the bottom side of the piston pin boss and is fixed through a locking nut 9, and a sealing gasket group 8 is arranged between the locking nut 9 and the aluminum body 5;
as shown in fig. 3, the ball seal gasket group 8 is divided into an upper gasket 11 and a lower gasket 12, a seal ring 10 is installed between the upper gasket 11 and the lower gasket 12, and a contact surface between the lower gasket 12 and the lock nut 9 is an arc-shaped contact surface.
And a bushing 6 is arranged in the pin hole of the aluminum body 5, and oil inlet holes are formed in the bushing 6 and the aluminum body 5 close to the bottom of the piston.
The piston structure matching and heat insulation principle of the invention is as follows:
piston steel crown 1, heat insulating mattress 2, independent ring seat 3, the aluminium body 5 is connected through bolt 7, adopts the air thermal-insulated, the low heat dissipation metal pad physics is thermal-insulated and the three kinds of forms of integrated configuration thermal contact resistance insulate against heat, accomplishes the structure matching design of high stress position to the integrated configuration piston characteristics when guaranteeing to insulate against heat, and concrete design principle and purpose are as follows:
the piston steel crown 1 and the head of the bolt 7 are connected into a whole in an interference manner, and the head of the bolt 7 is machined to be consistent with the shape of the combustion chamber of the piston steel crown 1, so that the head of the bolt 7 does not influence the shape of the combustion chamber, and the combustion performance in the cylinder is ensured;
the first ring seat of the piston ring is of an independent ring seat 3 structure, is mounted to the top end of an aluminum body 5, is compressed through a piston steel top 1 and a heat insulation pad 2, and is provided with the independent ring seat 3, so that the height of the aluminum body 5 can be reduced to the maximum extent, and a flat notch is formed in the outer side of the matching surface of the heat insulation pad 2 and the independent ring seat 3 and used for reducing the contact stress between the outer side of the heat insulation pad 2 and the independent ring seat 3 caused by thermal deformation of a piston;
the middle spigot of the piston steel top 1, the positioning ring 4, the heat insulation pad 2 and the aluminum body 5 jointly form a piston center air sealing heat insulation cavity, wherein small gaps are formed among the middle spigot of the piston steel top 1, the positioning ring 4 and the aluminum body 5; the outer side of the piston steel top 1 and the heat insulation pad 2 jointly form an outer side circumferential air sealing heat insulation cavity. The purpose of the above design is to reduce the weight of the combined piston on one hand and to form an air heat insulation cavity on the other hand, so as to reduce the heat transfer rate from the piston head to the aluminum body 5;
the heat insulation pad 2 is made of a heat-resistant steel base material with low heat conductivity (thermal diffusion) and is coated with a heat insulation coating with the thickness of 0.3-0.4mm on the surface, physical heat insulation is carried out by means of the low heat dissipation performance of the metal material, in addition, the heat insulation pad 2 is independently arranged, contact thermal resistance is generated on the contact surface of the heat insulation pad 2 and the piston steel top 1 and the aluminum body 5, and the purpose of further heat insulation is realized by means of the contact thermal resistance;
the connecting bolt 7 is a variable-diameter elastic bolt, and the variable-rigidity bolt adapts to the overall thermal deformation of the piston to ensure that the bolt 7 cannot be loosened, so that high-pressure fuel gas in the cylinder cannot leak into the piston;
the head of the bolt 7 is in interference connection with the piston steel top 1, the other end of the bolt is located on the bottom side of the piston pin boss and is fixed through a locking nut 9, the tail end of the bolt 7 is in a square design, the square matching surface of the locking nut 9 and the tail end of the bolt 7 is in a thin-wall cylindrical structure, and after the locking nut 9 and the bolt 7 are assembled, the thin-wall structure of the locking nut 9 is pressed onto the square head of the tail end of the bolt 7 through a tool to achieve;
a sealing gasket group 8 is arranged between the locking nut 9 and the aluminum body 5, the contact surface between a lower gasket 12 of the gasket group 8 and the locking nut 9 is a spherical surface, and the bending moment effect of the bolt 7 caused by the thermal deformation of the piston can be relieved by releasing the constraint of the degree of freedom at the position.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a low heat dissipation integrated configuration piston which characterized in that: the piston type heat insulation device comprises a piston steel top (1), a heat insulation pad (2), an independent ring seat (3), a positioning ring (4), an aluminum body (5), a lining (6), a bolt (7), a gasket group (8) and a locking nut (9);
the piston steel roof (1), the heat insulation pad (2) and the aluminum body (5) are sequentially connected through bolts (7), the piston steel roof (1) and the heads of the bolts (7) are in interference connection to form a whole, and the heads of the bolts (7) are machined to be consistent with the shape of a combustion chamber of the piston steel roof (1);
the first ring seat of the piston adopts an independent ring seat (3) structure, is arranged at the top end of the aluminum body (5), and is pressed tightly through the piston steel top (1) and the heat insulation pad (2);
an air sealing heat insulation cavity is formed between the concave structure in the middle of the piston steel top (1) and the aluminum body (5), a spigot is arranged on the outer side of the extension of the concave structure of the piston steel top (1), the positioning ring (4) is arranged between the heat insulation pad (2) and the aluminum body (5) at the position of the spigot, and the spigot, the positioning ring (4), the heat insulation pad (2) and the aluminum body (5) jointly form a sealing structure of the air sealing heat insulation cavity in the center of the piston;
an outer circumferential air sealing heat insulation cavity is formed between the groove structure of the piston steel top (1) close to the outer side and the heat insulation pad (2);
the bottom end of the bolt (7) is positioned at the bottom side of the piston pin boss and is fixed through a locking nut (9), and a gasket group (8) is arranged between the locking nut (9) and the aluminum body (5); a bushing (6) is installed in a pin hole of the aluminum body (5), and oil inlet holes are formed in the bushing (6) and the aluminum body (5) close to the bottom of the piston;
a flat notch is arranged on the outer side of the matching surface of the heat insulation pad (2) and the independent ring seat (3);
the middle spigot of the piston steel top (1), the positioning ring (4) and the aluminum body (5) are all provided with small gaps.
2. A low heat dissipation composite structure piston as defined in claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation pad (2) is made of titanium alloy with low heat conductivity, and a protective layer with the thickness of 0.02-0.05mm is sprayed on the surface of the heat insulation pad.
3. A low heat dissipation composite structure piston as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bolt (7) is a variable-diameter elastic bolt.
4. A low heat dissipation composite structure piston as defined in claim 1, wherein: the gasket group (8) is divided into an upper gasket (11) and a lower gasket (12), a sealing ring (10) is arranged between the upper gasket (11) and the lower gasket (12), and a contact surface between the lower gasket (12) and the locking nut (9) is an arc-shaped contact surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911328311.XA CN111102095B (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Low heat dissipation composite structure piston |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911328311.XA CN111102095B (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Low heat dissipation composite structure piston |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111102095A CN111102095A (en) | 2020-05-05 |
| CN111102095B true CN111102095B (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911328311.XA Active CN111102095B (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Low heat dissipation composite structure piston |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111102095B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114645798B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-02-28 | 北京理工大学 | A piston pin hole bushing structure |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4429489A1 (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-02-22 | Mahle Gmbh | Built pistons for internal combustion engines |
| FI102559B1 (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1998-12-31 | Waertsilae Nsd Oy Ab | Piston unit at an internal combustion engine |
| US7654240B2 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2010-02-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Engine piston having an insulating air gap |
| CN102330584B (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-12-19 | 无锡开普动力有限公司 | Cooling lubricating structure used for piston connection rod of reciprocating piston internal combustion engine |
| CN202914197U (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-05-01 | 常州南车柴油机零部件有限公司 | Combined steel-top aluminum-skirt piston |
| CN107630764A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-26 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE heat insulation structural piston |
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2019
- 2019-12-20 CN CN201911328311.XA patent/CN111102095B/en active Active
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| CN111102095A (en) | 2020-05-05 |
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