CN111093463A - 内窥镜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种内窥镜(1),该内窥镜包括布置在近端的手柄(2)和从所述手柄(2)朝向远端延伸的插入管(3)。可控制的弯折区段(7)被布置在该远端处。该可控制的弯折区段(7)由操作者通过被布置在该手柄(2)处的控制输入装置(8)来控制。该插入管(3)包括具有至少一个内腔的至少一个插入管部分。该弯折区段(7)可在所述内腔中移位,以便相对于该插入管(3)从所述内腔内的缩回位置移动到至少部分地在所述内腔外部的伸出位置。
Description
本发明涉及一种内窥镜。更具体地,本发明涉及一种内窥镜,该内窥镜包括布置在近端处的手柄、从所述手柄朝向远端延伸的插入管、布置在该远端处的可控制的弯折区段,所述可控制的弯折区段可由操作者通过布置在该手柄处的控制输入装置来控制,其中,该插入管包括具有至少一个内腔的至少一个插入管部分,并且其中,该弯折区段可在所述内腔中移位,以便相对于该插入管部分从所述内腔内的缩回位置移动到至少部分地在所述内腔外部的伸出位置。
总体而言,内窥镜包括位于近端处的操作手柄以及从手柄朝向远端延伸的插入管。手柄适于由操作者握持并且尤其包括连接至内部控制装置上的向外突出的操作构件,该内部控制装置允许操作者在将插入管的远端推进至例如人的体腔内的期望位置时,控制插入管的远端处的可控制的弯折区段的移动。通过附接的监视设备,例如具有显示屏的监视器,可以使用内窥镜来检查远端已被推进到的位置。
然而,通常,检查不都是所希望的,例如在检查是为了定位需要进一步动作的部位的情况下。这种情形(其中期望除了检查之外的其他动作)的示例是支气管肺泡灌洗或BAL。BAL是用于从患者的肺区段获取有机物质样本的常用过程。这基本上通过用无菌水冲洗肺区段、接着将该水吸入样本容器中来完成。更具体地,将内窥镜的远端推进到肺中要从其中采集样本的位置。然后,在通常称为楔入的过程中,将插入管的远端按压成与肺内部牢固接合,以帮助固定位置。经由内窥镜的工作通道,然后将无菌水(例如0.9%生理盐水)注入肺中样本位置处,并且尽可能多地将其再次提取(现在包含有机物质并且因此构成样本)。插入管的远端可以推进到肺泡中的深度受到插入管的远侧尖端的外部尺寸限制,即在插入管在截面方面通常是圆形时插入管的直径。
同样在其他情况下,插入管的外部尺寸限制了内窥镜的多功能性,更具体地说,限制了内窥镜的弯折区段的最小弯折半径。可控制的弯折区段通常是在插入管的远侧尖端处的铰接区段,其可以由操作者从手柄控制,从而允许操作者通过一系列动作将内窥镜的远侧尖端推进到期望的位置,该一系列动作尤其包括:在期望的方向上使弯折区段弯折、推进插入管以及通过转动与其刚性连接的手柄来转动插入管。在已经通过弯折和转动的曲折路径到达感兴趣的位置的情况下,可能仍然存在对于将弯折区段朝向感兴趣的目标弯折的非常有限的空间。例如,如果使用内窥镜来从十二指肠检查胆管,就是这种情况,因为狭窄的胆管几乎垂直终止在十二指肠的侧壁中。
关于插入管的外部尺寸,US 2017/0055813披露了一种医疗引入器,该医疗引入器具有带有若干内腔的引入器管。这些内腔中的一个可以容纳可操纵的工作通道构件,该工作通道构件由引入器管的近端处的手柄上的控制旋钮控制。控制旋钮可以相对于引入器管的手柄移位,以便移动可操纵的工作通道构件,例如将弯折区段推进超过引入器管的远端。
在这种背景下,本发明旨在提供一种易于使用的内窥镜,该内窥镜具有内窥镜的远侧尖端的减小的弯折半径以及高度的灵活性和精确性。
根据本发明的第一方面,这个目的通过一种内窥镜来实现,该内窥镜包括布置在近端处的手柄、从所述手柄朝向远端延伸的插入管、布置在该远端处的可控制的弯折区段,所述可控制的弯折区段由操作者通过布置在该手柄处的控制输入装置来控制,其中,该插入管包括具有至少一个内腔的至少一个插入管部分,并且其中,该弯折区段可在所述内腔中移位,以便相对于该插入管部分从所述内腔内的缩回位置移动到至少部分地在所述内腔外部的伸出位置,并且其中,该可控制的弯折区段位于距该手柄的固定距离处,并且该至少一个插入管部分适于相对于该手柄进行往复运动。
利用这种布置,可控制的弯折区段通常可以设有比插入管显著更窄的截面尺寸,即直径。这又意味着,当可控制的弯折区段被推进到插入管之外,即至少一个插入管部分的远端之外时,该可控制的弯折区段由此不再受限于插入管(尤其是其直径和刚度),而是可以弯折到小得多的半径。同时,弯折区段相对于插入管的相对运动不影响弯折区段的控制,因为从手柄到可控制的弯折区段的力传递装置(比如鲍登缆线)与包含操作装置的手柄和弯折区段一致地往复运动。
根据本发明第一方面的优选的实施例,该至少一个插入管部分适于相对于手柄可释放地锁定接合。因此,插入管可以保持为内窥镜的一体件,从而允许内窥镜对于大多数过程(比如插入到目标位置)而言以常规方式起作用。只有这样,该至少一个插入管部分才可以被释放,并从该铰接式弯折区段滑离,以便利用铰接式弯折区段的随后增加的弯折能力。
根据进一步的优选实施例,该可控制的弯折区段包括多个铰接部分。这种可控制的弯折区段具有高度的柔性,并且易于使用现有技术制造,例如在WO2016/188543或WO2014/106511中披露的技术,这两者通过引用结合于此。
根据本发明第一方面的进一步的优选实施例,该至少一个插入管部分包括视觉设备,比如相机。不必将视觉设备结合在铰接式弯折区段的尖端中而是结合在铰接式弯折区段可以在其中往复进出的至少一个插入管部分中,这样允许铰接式弯折区段被制成具有甚至更小的截面尺寸。如果柔性弯折区段也不结合工作通道(例如因为任何工作通道在至少一个插入管部分中或之内),则尤其是这种情况。
然而,在根据本发明第一方面的进一步的实施例中,优选的是,可控制的弯折区段包括工作通道,比如抽吸通道。也就是说,工作通道适于可连接到抽吸装置,即外部真空源。这允许液体、粘液等通过内窥镜从期望的位置移除,进而允许内窥镜用于前述支气管肺泡灌洗过程。对于其他过程,可控制的弯折区段可以优选地包括工具,例如简单的工具,比如针、尤其是活检针。
现在将基于非限制性示例性实施例并且参考附图来更详细地描述本发明,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的内窥镜的侧视图,以及
图2是图1的内窥镜的远侧端头的实施例的立体细节图。
首先转向图1,示出了内窥镜1的侧视图。插入管3从内窥镜1的近端处的内窥镜手柄2朝向内窥镜3的远端延伸。出于图示的目的,内窥镜3的内部特征中的一些以虚线示出。这些包括工作通道4,该工作通道在内窥镜手柄2的近端处具有入口端口5、以及在内窥镜3的远端处的铰接式弯折区段7的远端处具有出口端口6。使用操作构件8(比如内窥镜手柄2上的旋钮),可以控制铰接式弯折区段7的弯折,例如将其侧向偏转到也以虚线展示的位置7’。借助于操作构件8对铰接式弯折区段7的控制通过本身已知的控制构件进行,比如连接到操作构件和铰接式弯折区段7的最远侧节段9的鲍登缆线等,如在前述披露内容WO 2016/188543和WO 2014/106511中总体说明的。然而,应当注意的是,提供可控制的弯折区段作为铰接式弯折区段仅仅是优选的实施例,并且可以设想提供可控制的弯折区段的其他方式。
然而,不同于在WO 2016/188543和WO 2014/106511中描述的内窥镜,铰接式弯折区段7不与插入管3的剩余部分邻接,即该铰接式弯折区段是形成插入管3的远端并且通常具有与插入管3的剩余部分相同的外径的一体部分。相反,铰接式弯折区段7具有小得多的直径,并且以可移位的方式容纳在外部插入管部分之中或之内的合适的通道或内腔中,更刚性的不可控制的部分也延伸穿过该通道或内腔(未示出)。更刚性的不可控制的部分将内窥镜手柄2与铰接式弯折区段7互连,从而允许它们中的三个相对于插入管3的外部部分一起一致地滑动。
为了实现这种相对滑动运动,如图1和图2中的双箭头A所示,内窥镜优选地包括(优选地在其近端处)刚性连接到插入管3的辅助手柄10。在刚性连接到插入管的情况下,插入管3可以相对于内窥镜手柄3移动,并且也相应地相对于铰接式弯折区段7移动。这允许铰接式弯折区段7从插入管3内的通道或内腔中的位置移动到推进位置,如两个图中所示,其中该铰接式弯折区段从插入管3的远端延伸。
优选地,内窥镜3包括可释放的锁定装置,该可释放的锁定装置用于保持辅助手柄10相对于内窥镜手柄3锁定在位。只有当可释放的锁定装置已经被释放时,例如通过按钮11,才有可能实现辅助手柄10和内窥镜1的手柄2之间、或者插入管3和铰接式弯折区段7之间的相对滑动。如果在释放该可释放的锁定装置时,辅助手柄10也可以相对于内窥镜手柄2转动(如图1中的箭头R所示),因此允许铰接式弯折区段7相对于插入管3转动、特别是在其远端的前方转动,这可能是有利的。
当铰接式弯折区段7处于插入管3内部的缩回位置时,围绕铰接式弯折区段7的插入管部分设有合适的薄壁,并且由高柔性材料制成。也就是说,本发明人已经认识到,插入管3可以被设计成即使在弯折区段的实质减小的直径的情况下,仍然可以提供足够的力来弯折缩回的铰接式弯折区段7,并且因此弯折插入管3的远侧部分。因此,只要辅助手柄10处于锁定位置并且铰接式弯折区段7在插入管3的远侧部分内部,内窥镜1就可以以操作者熟悉的完全常规的方式操控。也就是说,通过涉及使用操作构件8来选择性地使弯折区段7弯折以及使用手柄2来转动和推进内窥镜1的一系列步骤,内窥镜3的远侧尖端可以被操控到目标位置,例如人的体腔(比如肺)。操作者可以使用由视觉设备(比如优选地是相机12)捕获的实时图像、在附接到内窥镜1的监视器(未示出)上视觉地跟随他的操作,该视觉设备内置到插入管3的远端处的内窥镜1的尖端中,相机12的必要的照明由一个或多个光源(比如LED 13)提供。尽管相机12作为视觉设备是优选的,但是本领域技术人员将意识到这只是其中的一个选项。视觉设备也可以是远侧尖端中的光导,该光导将光引导到远程相机或图像传感器。
应当注意的是,在实践中,相机12、LED 13将被封装、通常被模制在其中,以便不呈现任何尖锐的边缘等。然而,出于图示的目的,在图2中已经省略了封装。这种封装或模制本身是众所周知的,并且在WO 2010/066790(其通过引用结合于此)中找到了一种用于这样做的方法,并在WO 2014/106511中对其进一步解释。
然而,在目标位置,铰接式弯折区段7和周围插入管部分之间的结合可以通过可释放的锁定装置来释放的事实提供了至少两个优点,进而带来新过程可能性。第一,铰接式弯折区段7可以进一步被推进到狭窄的腔体中,由于插入管3的直径较大,该插入管因此不能接近该腔体。第二,通过由此具有比插入管3更小的直径,一旦铰接式弯折区段7已经被推进在插入管3的前部,铰接式弯折区段7就可以被弯折到比插入管3更窄的半径,进而允许狭窄空间中的侧向操作,否则这些侧向操作利用具有插入管的相对应的预定直径的内窥镜是不可能的。
第一个优势带来的可能性之一与BAL过程有关,在该过程中,肺泡中较窄的腔体将是可接近的。
支气管肺泡灌洗或BAL是用于从患者的肺区段获取有机物质样本的常用过程。这基本上通过用无菌水冲洗肺区段、接着将该水吸入样本容器中来完成。更具体地,将内窥镜1的远端推进到肺中要采集样本的位置。然后,在通常称为楔入的过程中,将远端按压成与肺内部牢固接合,以帮助固定位置。
经由内窥镜1的工作通道4,将无菌水(例如0.9%生理盐水)注入肺中样本位置处,并且尽可能多地将其再次提取(现在包含有机物质并且因此构成样本)。通常,这是通过经由内窥镜手柄2中的连通端口将容积在20ml与60ml之间(例如50ml)的被填充注射器附接到内窥镜1的工作通道5来完成的。注射器然后用于每次插入以及随后的提取。这个过程通常用新的注射器连续重复几次,例如三次到四次,样本适合于不同的目的,这取决于它们所在序列中的样本编号,因为有机物质的组成不同。因此,在提取时,通常将这些样本相应地标记。作为使用注射器进行提取的替代方案,可以使用外部抽吸器和卢肯斯(Lukens)捕集器来进行提取。
这种过程涉及至少两个人(例如,操作者和助手)以及相当多的准备工作。操作者通常是掌控和负责该过程的医生,而助手是护士。操作者将内窥镜1的尖端推进到期望的位置、将其楔入到位、并且决定何时注射无菌生理盐水以及何时提取样本。助手附接和移除注射器、更换卢肯(Luken)捕集器(如果使用外部抽吸器)、将样本进行标记、并且在某些情况下还在决定注射和提取的正确时刻的操作者的命令下操作注射器和抽吸器。如果使用外部抽吸,则操作者将自己使用已经在用于抓握内窥镜手柄2的一只手来致动内窥镜手柄2上的抽吸按钮14。
利用根据本发明的内窥镜1,即使在铰接式弯折区段7被锁定在插入管3内部的情况下,上述过程也是完全可能的。
然而,如可以理解的那样,内窥镜1通过将较窄的铰接式弯折区段7至少部分地推进超过插入管3的远端,来在肺泡内允许比常规滴注和抽吸更深的滴注和抽吸。更具体地说,一旦插入管3已经楔入在位,操作者就可以用另一只手,即没有抓握内窥镜手柄2的手,抓握辅助手柄10,并且用这个另一只手通过用其手指按压按钮14来释放锁定装置。
在锁定机构已经释放的情况下,操作者可以通过保持和使用辅助手柄10的抓握,来将插入管3的远端稳定地保持在其楔入位置。同时,使用利用第一只手和操作构件8上的拇指对内窥镜手柄2进行的抓握,操作者可以弯折、转动和推进铰接式弯折区段7进一步到肺泡中。铰接式弯折区段7,特别是其远端,将很大程度上保持在相机12的范围内,并因此在此期间保持在监视器上可见。
然后,利用使用抽吸按钮14进行抽吸的滴注和取样过程可以如上所述进行,只是在肺泡内更深且更有目标性。
作为工作通道的替代性方案或除此之外,弯折区段7的远侧尖端也可以设有工具。该工具不必一定是复杂的工具,而是可以是针,例如活检针。当然,该工具也可以以常规的方式推进通过工作通道,例如,如在通过引用结合的上述文件中所描述的。该工具也可以是嵌入在铰接式弯折区段7的最远侧节段中的相机。因此,代替在插入管3的远端处将相机12保持稳定,相机可以被推进到更窄的空间中以用于检查。这在以某一角度提供侧视图方面也是有用的,否则插入管3的远侧尖端将不会可弯折到该角度,例如用于提供上述的从十二指肠对胆管的检查,否则该检查将是复杂的,因为狭窄的胆管几乎垂直到十二指肠的侧壁中终止。当然,并不排除相机在两个地方。
Claims (9)
1.一种内窥镜,包括:布置在近端处的手柄,
从所述手柄朝向远端延伸的插入管,
布置在该远端处的可控制的弯折区段,所述可控制的弯折区段由操作者通过布置在该手柄处的控制输入装置来控制,
其中,该插入管包括具有至少一个内腔的至少一个插入管部分,并且其中,该弯折区段可在所述内腔中移位,以便相对于该插入管部分从所述内腔内的缩回位置移动到至少部分地在所述内腔外部的伸出位置,并且
其中,该可控制的弯折区段位于距该手柄的固定距离处,并且该至少一个插入管部分适于相对于该手柄进行往复运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜,其中,该至少一个插入管部分适于相对于该手柄可释放地锁定接合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的内窥镜,其中,该可控制的弯折区段包括多个铰接部分。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内窥镜,其中,该至少一个插入管部分包括视觉设备。
5.根据权利要求4所述的内窥镜,其中,该视觉设备包括相机。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内窥镜,其中,该可控制的弯折区段包括工作通道。
7.根据权利要求6所述的内窥镜,其中,该工作通道适于抽吸。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内窥镜,其中,该可控制的弯折区段包括工具。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的内窥镜,其中,该工具包括针。
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