CN111069759A - Diffusion connection tool and diffusion connection method special for copper steel - Google Patents
Diffusion connection tool and diffusion connection method special for copper steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111069759A CN111069759A CN201911396036.5A CN201911396036A CN111069759A CN 111069759 A CN111069759 A CN 111069759A CN 201911396036 A CN201911396036 A CN 201911396036A CN 111069759 A CN111069759 A CN 111069759A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/001—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by extrusion or drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
A diffusion bonding tool and a diffusion bonding method special for copper and steel belong to the technical field of dissimilar material diffusion welding. The invention solves the problems of internal stress of the structural part welding seam and low joint strength of the existing copper-steel diffusion connection technology aiming at the copper-steel composite heat exchanger. The core that expands is the cylindricality structure and its excircle face is the conical surface, and a plurality of bloated lamellas are arranged in the copper ring and every bloated lamella all with copper ring inner wall zero clearance contact around the central axis of copper ring, and a side of keeping away from the copper ring on every bloated lamella is the inclined plane, and the core cooperation of expanding is inserted and is established in the annular structure that a plurality of bloated lamellas enclose and establish, and the tip internal diameter of annular structure is less than the tip external diameter setting of the core that expands, and the big or small internal diameter of annular structure is less than the main aspects external diameter setting of the. The expansion core is pressed downwards through the diffusion welding press, the lateral force of the outer conical surface of the expansion core is transmitted to the copper ring through the expansion valve, and the pressure between the copper ring and the steel ring enables materials on two sides to generate interatomic diffusion, so that the internal stress of a welding line is effectively reduced, and the strength of a joint is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a diffusion bonding tool and a diffusion bonding method special for copper and steel, and belongs to the technical field of dissimilar material diffusion welding.
Background
The diffusion welding is a diffusion connection method in which two workpieces to be welded are clamped together, the workpieces are placed in a vacuum or protective atmosphere furnace for heating, microscopic plastic deformation is generated on the micro unevenness of the two welding surfaces, so that the two welding surfaces are in close contact, and atoms are diffused mutually in the subsequent heat preservation and heating to form metallurgical connection. Copper has the characteristics of high heat conduction efficiency, good ablation resistance and the like, stainless steel has the characteristics of high-temperature strength, good bearing performance and the like, the copper-steel composite heat exchanger is manufactured by adopting a vacuum diffusion connection technology, the respective advantages of two materials can be fully exerted, and a novel heat exchange element is provided for efficient heat exchange in a high-pressure environment. At present, aeroengine combustion chambers, spray pipes, nuclear island cooling systems, drilling platforms and the like have urgent needs for copper-steel composite heat exchangers. However, due to the difference in physical properties between the two materials, the copper-steel diffusion bonding technique has the following bottlenecks: the thermal expansion coefficients of the dissimilar materials are different, so that internal stress exists at the welding seam part of the structural member in the post-welding cooling process; the strength of the joint formed by the dissimilar materials is low, and can only reach 33% of the strength of the copper alloy base metal, so that the strength of the joint needs to be greatly improved.
The diffusion welding technology (namely, the diffusion bonding technology) appears in the early 60 s of the last century, the diffusion bonding method can obtain not only the firm joint of the same metal and alloy but also the firm joint of copper-steel composite, and particularly the diffusion bonding technology can be used in the fields of aviation and aerospace to solve the bonding problem of a plurality of new materials. With the development of aerospace technology in China, research and application of diffusion welding technology are continuously developed, and the diffusion welding technology application of the same metal and alloy is realized in 80 years.
Vacuum diffusion welding is one of effective means for realizing high-precision and high-quality effective connection of steel, copper and copper alloy, and researchers at home and abroad develop corresponding technologies at present. According to the research results of scholars at home and abroad, the technical scheme for realizing high-strength connection of copper and steel is feasible, but at present, only certain theoretical research is carried out on a sample, and the research on engineering application is less. Particularly, for a copper-steel composite heat exchanger with a special shape, for example, two workpieces to be welded are a copper ring 100 and a steel ring 101 respectively, a unilateral gap between the outer wall of the copper ring 100 and the inner wall of the steel ring 101 before welding is controlled to be 0.04mm to 0.1mm, wherein the copper ring 100 is a TU1 copper material, and the steel ring 101 is 304 stainless steel, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, wherein fig. 4 is a schematic view of the copper ring 100, the copper ring is of a circular structure, a plurality of vertical grooves 100-1 are processed on the outer wall, and the size of each vertical groove 100-1 is 3mm wide and 3mm deep; fig. 3 is a schematic main sectional view of the steel ring 101, which is also an annular structure, and two annular grooves 101-1 are formed in the inner wall of the steel ring 101 in parallel, and a circular hole 101-2 is formed in each of the upper portion and the lower portion of the steel ring 101. The size of each annular groove 101-1 is 10mm in width and 5mm in depth; the inner diameter of the circular hole 101-2 is 8 mm. For the copper-steel composite heat exchanger, the grooves with different sizes are processed on the copper ring and the steel ring, so that the requirements on a diffusion connection tool and a diffusion connection method are increased, and the diffusion connection tool with the copper-steel composite heat exchanger structure is not provided with the diffusion connection method at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of internal stress of a structural part welding seam and low joint strength in the existing copper-steel diffusion connection technology of a copper-steel composite heat exchanger, and further provides a special diffusion connection tool and a diffusion connection method for copper and steel.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a special diffusion of copper steel connects frock, it is including bloated core and a plurality of lamella that expand, wherein the core that expands is the cylinder structure and its excircle face is the conical surface, and a plurality of lamellas that expand are arranged in the copper ring around the central axis of copper ring and every lamella that expands all with copper ring inner wall zero clearance contact, and a side of keeping away from the copper ring on every lamella that expands is the inclined plane, and the cooperation of the core that expands is inserted and is established in the annular structure that a plurality of lamellas enclose and establish, forms annular structure under the zero clearance contact state between every two adjacent lamella that expand, just annular structure's tip internal diameter is less than the tip external diameter setting of the core that expands, annular structure's big end external diameter that big or small.
Furthermore, the inclined angle of the upper inclined plane of each expansion valve is the same as the inclined angle of the outer conical surface of the expansion core.
Further, the inclination angle of the outer conical surface of the expansion core is 2 degrees.
Further, the number of the expansion lobes is eight.
Furthermore, a central through hole is formed in the expansion core along the axial direction of the expansion core.
A diffusion bonding method using the welding tool comprises the following steps:
cleaning oil stains on the surfaces of a copper ring and a steel ring by using an oil removing agent;
step two, plating a nickel layer with the thickness of 20-30 microns on the to-be-welded contact surface of the copper ring and the steel ring, and wiping the surface of the part by using acetone;
removing the redundant nickel layer at the groove by a method of coating protective glue, drying and nitric acid pickling;
step four, coaxially sleeving the steel ring on the copper ring;
step five, sequentially coating the plurality of expansion flaps with a BN coating, and drying the coating to be annularly arranged in the copper ring;
coating a BN coating on the expansion core, drying the coating, and coaxially installing the dried coating in an annular structure formed by a plurality of expansion flaps;
and step seven, placing the integral structure consisting of the steel ring, the copper ring and the welding tool in a vacuum furnace for diffusion connection.
Further, the diffusion bonding pressure adopted in the seventh step is 2MPa, the heat preservation time is 60min, and the vacuum degree is 5.0X10-3Pa, and the diffusion bonding temperature is 950 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
the expansion core is pressed downwards through the diffusion welding press, the lateral force of the outer conical surface of the expansion core is transmitted to the copper ring through the expansion valve, and the pressure between the copper ring and the steel ring enables materials on two sides to generate interatomic diffusion, so that the internal stress of a welding line is effectively reduced, and the strength of a joint is ensured. And a valving tool is adopted to convert the vertical loading force into a horizontal normal loading force, so that the overall pressurization of the annular structural member is realized.
The mechanical property obtained by the diffusion bonding method is optimal, compared with the prior art, the cooling and pressure maintaining mode is adopted, so that the structure after copper-steel composite diffusion bonding is cooled in a constrained state all the time, and the welded structure with the joint performance meeting the requirement of welding rate, strength and size is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a diffusion bonding tool;
FIG. 3 is a main cross-sectional schematic view of a steel ring;
fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a copper ring.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described by combining fig. 1 to 4, and the special diffusion connection tool for copper and steel comprises an expansion core 1 and a plurality of expansion lobes 2, wherein the expansion core 1 is of a cylindrical structure, the outer circular surface of the expansion core is a conical surface, the expansion lobes 2 are arranged in a copper ring 100 around the central axis of the copper ring 100, each expansion lobe 2 is in gapless contact with the inner wall of the copper ring 100, one side surface, far away from the copper ring 100, of each expansion lobe 2 is an inclined surface, the expansion core 1 is inserted into an annular structure formed by surrounding the expansion lobes 2 in a matched mode, an annular structure is formed between every two adjacent expansion lobes 2 in a gapless contact mode, the inner diameter of the small end of the annular structure is smaller than the outer diameter of the small end of the expansion core 1, and the inner diameter of the small end of the annular structure is smaller than the outer diameter of. The expansion core 1 is pressed downwards through the diffusion welding press, the lateral force of the outer conical surface of the expansion core 1 is transmitted to the copper ring 100 through the expansion valve 2, and the pressure between the copper ring 100 and the steel ring 101 enables materials on two sides to generate atomic diffusion, so that the internal stress of a welding line is effectively reduced, and the strength of a joint is ensured. And a valving tool is adopted to convert the vertical loading force into a horizontal normal loading force, so that the overall pressurization of the annular structural member is realized.
In the downward pressing process of the diffusion welding press, the expansion lobes 2 are expanded along the radial direction under the extrusion of the expansion core 1.
The inclined angle of the upper inclined plane of each expansion valve 2 is the same as the inclined angle of the outer conical surface of the expansion core 1.
The inclination angle of the outer conical surface of the expansion core 1 is 2 degrees.
The number of the expansion flaps 2 is eight.
The expansion core 1 is provided with a central through hole 1-1 along the axial direction. By the design, the effect of weight reduction is achieved.
A diffusion bonding method using the diffusion bonding tool comprises the following steps:
firstly, cleaning oil stains on the surfaces of a copper ring 100 and a steel ring 101 by using a degreasing agent;
step two, plating a nickel layer with the thickness of 20-30 microns on the to-be-welded contact surface of the copper ring 100 and the steel ring 101, and wiping the surface of the part by using acetone;
removing the redundant nickel layer at the groove by a method of coating protective glue, drying and nitric acid pickling;
step four, coaxially sleeving the steel ring 101 on the copper ring 100;
step five, sequentially coating the plurality of expansion flaps 2 with a BN coating, drying the coating, and then annularly arranging the dried coating in the copper ring 100;
coating a BN coating on the expansion core 1, drying the coating, and coaxially installing the dried coating in an annular structure formed by the expansion flaps 2;
and step seven, placing the integral structure consisting of the steel ring 101, the copper ring 100 and the diffusion connection tool in a vacuum furnace for diffusion connection.
The diffusion bonding pressure adopted in the seventh step is 2MPa, the heat preservation time is 60min, and the vacuum degree is 5.0X10-3Pa, and the diffusion bonding temperature is 950 ℃. Because the copper ring 100 and the steel ring 101 to be welded, which are aimed at by the application, are special in structure, and the plurality of vertical grooves 100-1 formed in the outer wall of the copper ring 100 enable the requirement on the parameters of diffusion connection to be high, the mechanical property of the copper ring is optimal under the parameters in the embodiment, compared with the prior art, the cooling and pressure maintaining mode is adopted, so that the structure after copper-steel composite diffusion connection is cooled all the time in a constrained state, the internal stress of a welding seam is effectively reduced, the joint strength is ensured, and the welded structure with the joint performance meeting the requirements of welding rate, strength and size is obtained.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a special diffusion bonding frock of copper steel which characterized in that: it includes bloated core (1) and a plurality of lamella (2) that expand, wherein bloated core (1) is the cylinder structure and its excircle face is the conical surface, and a plurality of lamella (2) that expand are arranged in copper ring (100) and every lamella (2) that expand all with copper ring (100) inner wall zero clearance contact around the central axis of copper ring (100), and a side of keeping away from copper ring (100) on every lamella (2) that expands is the inclined plane, and bloated core (1) cooperation is inserted and is established in the ring structure that a plurality of lamella (2) that expand enclose into, forms ring structure under the zero clearance contact state between every two adjacent lamella (2) that expand, just the tip internal diameter of ring structure is less than the tip external diameter setting of bloated core (1), the big or small end external diameter setting that the size internal diameter of ring structure is less than bloated core (1).
2. The special diffusion bonding frock of copper steel of claim 1, characterized in that: the inclined angle of the upper inclined plane of each expansion valve (2) is the same as the inclined angle of the outer conical surface of the expansion core (1).
3. The special diffusion bonding frock of copper steel of claim 2, characterized in that: the inclination angle of the outer conical surface of the expansion core (1) is 2 degrees.
4. The special diffusion bonding tool for copper steel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the number of the expansion flaps (2) is eight.
5. The special diffusion bonding tool for copper steel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the expansion core (1) is provided with a central through hole (1-1) along the axial direction.
6. A welding method using the welding tool of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
cleaning oil stains on the surfaces of a copper ring (100) and a steel ring (101) by using an oil removing agent;
secondly, plating a nickel layer with the thickness of 20-30 microns on the to-be-welded contact surface of the copper ring (100) and the steel ring (101), and wiping the surface of the part by using acetone;
removing the redundant nickel layer at the groove by a method of coating protective glue, drying and nitric acid pickling;
step four, coaxially sleeving the steel ring (101) on the copper ring (100);
step five, sequentially coating the plurality of expansion flaps (2) with a BN coating, drying the coating, and then annularly arranging the dried coating in the copper ring (100);
coating a BN coating on the expansion core (1), drying the coating, and coaxially installing the dried coating in an annular structure formed by a plurality of expansion flaps (2);
and step seven, placing the integral structure consisting of the steel ring (101), the copper ring (100) and the welding tool in a vacuum furnace for diffusion welding.
7. The diffusion bonding method of claim 6, wherein: the diffusion welding pressure adopted in the seventh step is 2MPa, the heat preservation time is 60min, and the vacuum degree is 5.0X10-3Pa, and the diffusion welding temperature is 950 ℃.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111618415A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-04 | 北京朗信智能科技有限公司 | Diffusion welding method |
| CN112122762A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-25 | 常德翔宇设备制造有限公司 | Diffusion welding method utilizing material linear expansion coefficient difference |
| CN112427795A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-02 | 常德翔宇设备制造有限公司 | Vacuum diffusion welding method |
| CN112945669A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-11 | 中航力源液压股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing ultrasonic detection test block for diffusion welding interface non-welding defects |
| CN113714617A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-30 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Diffusion welding tool and method for forming revolving body structure by split structure |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111618415A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-04 | 北京朗信智能科技有限公司 | Diffusion welding method |
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| CN112945669A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-11 | 中航力源液压股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing ultrasonic detection test block for diffusion welding interface non-welding defects |
| CN113714617A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-30 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Diffusion welding tool and method for forming revolving body structure by split structure |
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Application publication date: 20200428 |