CN111068069B - 一种免疫靶向功能性脂质体及其制备方法与用途 - Google Patents
一种免疫靶向功能性脂质体及其制备方法与用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111068069B CN111068069B CN201811212968.5A CN201811212968A CN111068069B CN 111068069 B CN111068069 B CN 111068069B CN 201811212968 A CN201811212968 A CN 201811212968A CN 111068069 B CN111068069 B CN 111068069B
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种免疫靶向功能性脂质体,以及这种脂质体的制备方法与用途。本发明的功能性脂质体,为不包载药物的空白脂质体,膜材中含有糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂,平均粒径在50~500nm,对肿瘤微环境中免疫抑制性细胞具有靶向功能,能够促进肿瘤相关巨噬细胞向M1型巨噬细胞分化,具有一定的抑制肿瘤生长的能力,可用于肿瘤免疫治疗的佐剂,也可作为免疫调节剂或抗肿瘤药物的包载递送工具。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种免疫靶向功能性脂质体,以及这种脂质体的制备方法与用途。
背景技术
免疫疗法是通过调节机体自身的免疫系统来对抗疾病的治疗措施,对于病毒感染、自身免疫类疾病以及癌症的冶疗,具有重要临床意义,尤其是癌症的免疫治疗,更是引起国内外广泛关注。跟化疗方法不同,肿瘤免疫治疗是作用于免疫系统的细胞,尤其是肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞,激发和增强机体的免疫功能,提高肿瘤微环境抗肿瘤免疫能力,从而实现控制和杀伤肿瘤细胞的抗肿瘤疗法。其靶标是肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞而非肿瘤细胞,具有低毒优点。
在肿瘤与免疫系统慢长的相互作用过程中,肿瘤细胞会生变异,引起免疫逃逸。大量变异的肿瘤细胞通过分泌刺激生长因子和细胞因子来招募包括纤维母细胞、内皮细胞以及不同亚型的免疫细胞,如肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs)、树突状细胞(DCs)和骨髓来源抑制细胞 (MDSCs)等,这些细胞浸润在肿瘤组织中,产生和分泌细胞因子,以及表达免疫抑制性受体(如PD-1和CTLA-4),从而形成肿瘤微环境的免疫抑制网络,成为免疫疗法的限制屏障。
目前报道用于肿瘤免疫治疗的现有方法,多是基于对免疫抑制性微环境的“抑制策略”而非“解除思路”,如“免疫检查点抑制剂”、“嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法(ChimericAntigen ReceptorT-Cell Immunotherapy, CART)”、“IL-2、IFN-α等细胞因子疗法”以及“双特异性抗体”等,这种“抑制策略”往往会带来一系列的毒副作用或不良反应,甚至产生新的耐药。与“抑制策略”相比,探讨针对肿瘤免疫抑制网络的“解除方案”,被认为更有积极意义和发展潜力,但这种策略涉及肿瘤微环境TAMs、 DCs以及MDSCs等细胞的靶向递送和免疫功能调节,目前相关研究及报道并不多见。
在肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞被称为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(Tumor- AssociatedMacrophages,TAMs),是实体肿瘤中发挥主要作用的炎性细胞。TAMs在肿瘤的发生、生长、侵袭和转移过程中扮演着十分重要的角色,其在组织微环境中主要存在两种表型:促炎症反应的M1表型和抗炎症反应的M2表型。M1型巨噬细胞能够释放多种促炎症细胞因子,表现出较高的抗原提呈、清除抗原能力,具有抑制肿瘤生长的能力;而M2型则主要参与体内平衡过程,具有促进肿瘤生长转移的作用。因此,通过TAMs免疫靶向及促进其向M1极化,是实现肿瘤免疫抑制网络“解除方案”的有效策略。
关于“脂质体实现免疫靶向”,现有文献报道主要包括以下几种技术:1)采用单克隆抗体对脂质体进行修饰,通过抗原抗体反应将脂质体结合至特定的靶细胞或器官而形成用药的靶向性;2)采用脂质体作为一种包载工具,包载化疗药物如阿霉素、紫杉醇,将药物靶向递送至肿瘤组织和细胞,减少化疗药物的毒副作用。
关于不包载药物的空白脂质体,目前研究仅局限制在以不含配体修饰的PEG化磷脂为膜材的PEG化脂质体,关于其免疫功能调节作用,不同的人得出的结果不尽相同甚至是完全相反。如Robin Rajan等采用与市售阿霉素制剂相同处方,以不含配体修饰的PEG化磷脂制备空白脂质体,发现可以促进肿瘤血管生成、导致促炎因子释放减少、抑制T细胞激活,并促使M1向M2巨噬细胞极化,提示这种PEG化的脂质体本身并不利于免疫靶向治疗。
除脂质体外,还有人采用PEG化磷脂制备纳米粒。既往研究认为, PEG化的纳米粒比未经PEG修饰的传统纳米粒更易逃避巨噬细胞的识别与吞噬,通常表现出不易刺激体内免疫效应的特点。但近期Luo,N. 等的研究却得出截然相反的结论,即PEG化的氧化石墨烯纳米粒 (nGO-PEG)在不被內吞的情况下,具有强烈刺激巨噬细胞产生细胞因子的作用,有利于免疫靶向治疗。
综合现有结果,对于PEG化磷脂制备的不包载药物的空白脂质体或纳米粒,其体内的免疫刺激效应及对免疫功能的调节作用,并无固定规律可寻。采用不同的载体类型(如脂质体或纳米粒),或同一载体类型采用不同的处方组成,都有可能导致不同的免疫反应。
那么,在PEG化磷脂基础上,进行甘露糖(Man)或半乳糖(Gal) 等修饰,获得糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂,再以含有糖类配体修饰的 PEG化磷脂为膜材,构建不包载药物的空白脂质体,对肿瘤的免疫治疗会发生好的作用还是坏的作用尚无文献报道,也无法从现有的对比文件中获得教导与提示。
发明内容
基于对肿瘤免疫抑制网络“解除方案”的考虑,本发明公开了一种免疫靶向功能性脂质体,以及这种脂质体的制备方法和用途。
本发明公开的功能性脂质体,其特征在于,为不包载药物的空白脂质体,膜材中含有糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂,还含有磷脂和胆固醇,脂质体平均粒径在50~500nm,优选地,为100~400nm。
本发明中,所述的功能性脂质体,其膜材中除含有糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂外,还含有磷脂和胆固醇,任选地,还可加入未经糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂(以下简称PEG化磷脂)。
本发明中,所述的糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂,由“磷脂-PEG-糖类配体”三部分组成,其中的磷脂选自二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二肉豆寇酰磷脂酰胆碱、二肉豆寇酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二油酰磷脂酰胆碱、二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺,优选地为二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺;PEG分子量选自1000~10000Da,优选地为2000~5000Da;糖类配体选自甘露糖和半乳糖,优选地为甘露糖。
本发明中,所述的未经配体修饰的PEG化磷脂,由“磷脂-PEG-活性基团”三部分组成,其中的磷脂选自二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二肉豆寇酰磷脂酰胆碱、二肉豆寇酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二油酰磷脂酰胆碱、二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺,优选地为二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺;PEG分子量选自1000~10000Da,优选地为2000~5000Da;活性基团为-OH、-NHS、 -NH2、-COOH、-SH、-CHO,优选-OH和-NH2。
本发明中,脂质体膜材的各脂材组成按如下比例执行:
糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂所占重量百分比为5%~30%,优选地为10%~20%;
磷脂所占重量百分比为20%~60%,优选地为40%~60%;
胆固醇所占重量百分比为5%~25%,优选地为10%~20%;
PEG化磷脂所占重量百分比为0%~25%,优选地为5%~10%。
本发明中,脂质体膜材中的磷脂选自天然磷脂、合成磷脂中的一种或它们的混合物,优选天然磷脂,具体可选用大豆磷脂或蛋黄磷脂。
本发明公开的功能性脂质体,其制备方法可选自薄膜分散法、二次乳化法、逆相蒸发法和乙醇注入法,优选薄膜分散法。
薄膜分散法可按如下步骤操作:
1)糖类配体修饰磷脂材料的制备
准确称取适量的4-氨基苯基α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷,加有机溶剂搅拌使溶解,另加入PEG化磷脂或其有机溶剂溶液,在氮气保护下搅拌避光反应一定时间,将反应后的溶液透析,除去未反应完全的4-氨基苯基α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷,经冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥,得甘露糖配体修饰的磷脂;
其中所述的有机溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、氯仿或乙酸乙酯,采用任一种有机溶剂,均可获得符合粒径要求的功能性脂质体。
2)功能性脂质体悬液的制备
称取甘露糖配体修饰的PEG化磷脂、未经配体修饰的PEG化磷脂、磷脂以及胆固醇,分别加入有机溶剂溶解制成一定浓度的溶液,按规定的质量比量取各种溶液,置圆底烧瓶中,混合,40℃~60℃条件下减压旋蒸除去有机溶剂,加入预热至温度相近的PBS缓冲液(pH7.4),搅拌进行水化,即得功能性脂质体悬液。
其中所述的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、氯仿,选择任一种有机溶剂,均可获得符合粒径要求的功能性脂质体。
上述制备方法中,还可先制备半乳糖修饰磷脂材料,再制备半乳糖修饰的脂质体。
本发明的免疫靶向功能性脂质体,制备方法中,磷脂、胆固醇、 PEG化磷脂和糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂的溶液配制浓度分别控制在 10~30mg/ml、5~20mg/ml、20~40mg/mL和2~10mg/mL,按规定的比例进行投料。
本发明的免疫靶向功能性脂质体制备方法,还可在制得的“功能性脂质体悬液”中加入冻干支撑剂,通过冷冻干燥工艺制成冻干粉;其中冻干支撑剂为甘露醇、海藻糖、萄萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、壳聚糖中的一种或它们的混合物。
本发明采用激光粒度分析仪,对脂质体平均粒径进行表征:移液枪精密量取脂质体悬液或者冻干脂质体的复溶液0.5mL加入到5mL纯净水中轻微振荡混匀后,采用激光散射粒度仪测定其粒径。结果表明制备的脂质体粒径在50~500nm范围内,大部分在100~400nm范围。
本发明采用小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞,通过极化、摄取及共培养肿瘤球模型的穿透性试验,考察了功能性脂质体的免疫靶向特征。
脂质体对巨噬细胞的极化作用考察:采用RAW264.7巨噬细胞,与脂质体样品进行孵育,流式细胞仪测定M1型巨噬细胞的特征因子 CD86的表达水平变化,考察不同类型脂质体对巨噬细胞的极化作用。结果表明,与阴性对照相比,普通脂质体对CD86的表达没有影响,而PEG化脂质体和甘露糖修饰的PEG化脂质体可以增强巨噬细胞表面 CD86表达,表现出良好的促进巨噬细胞向M1型分化的极化特征。
脂质体对巨噬细胞的摄取作用影响:采用RAW264.7巨噬细胞,先用IL-4刺激使其向M2巨噬细胞分化,然后再加入包载香豆素-6的脂质体进行孵育,流式细胞仪测定M2型巨噬细胞的特征因子CD206 的表达水平变化,考察不同类型脂质体对巨噬细胞摄取的影响。结果表明,普通脂质体和PEG化脂质体的荧光强度均较弱,而本发明的甘露糖修饰的PEG化脂质体荧光强度显著增加,提示本发明的糖类配体修饰的胆质体,更容易被M2型巨噬细胞摄取。
脂质体对肿瘤细胞与巨噬细胞共培养肿瘤球的穿透性:采用高转移瘤细胞4T1与巨噬细胞RAW264.7共培养,构建多细胞肿瘤球模型,加入包载香豆素-6为探针的脂质体溶液进行培养,激光共聚焦观察荧光强度,评价不同类型脂质体对穿透性的影响。结果表明,与普通脂质体和PEG化脂质体相比,本发明的甘露糖修饰的脂质体穿透进入肿瘤球的荧光强度最强,提示在4T1肿瘤细胞与RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞共培养的肿瘤球内,本发明的脂质体可增强穿透能力。
进一步,本发明还采用神经胶质瘤细胞G422小鼠皮下移植的动物模型,以普通脂质体(磷脂和胆固醇为膜材)和PEG化脂质体(未经配体修饰的PEG化磷脂、磷脂和胆固醇为膜材)注射给药为参比,考察本发明经甘露糖修饰的功能性脂质体注射给药后对相对肿瘤增殖率 T/C(%)和肿瘤增殖抑制率TGI(%)的影响,评价体内抗肿瘤效果。结果表明,本发明的甘露糖修饰的功能性脂质体,其肿瘤增殖抑制率>40%,明显优于普通脂质体及PEG化脂质体。
为了便于理解,以下将通过具体的实施例、试验例及附图,对本发明的免疫靶向功能性脂质体进行详细地描述。需要特别指出的是,具体实例和附图仅是为了说明,显然本领域的普通技术人员可以根据本文说明,在本发明的范围内对本发明做出各种各样的修正和改变,这些修正和改变也纳入本发明的范围内。
附图说明
图1:普通脂质体、PEG化脂质体以及甘露糖修饰脂质体的粒径分布及形态电境图。
图2:甘露糖修饰脂质体促进巨噬细胞向M1型极化的结果。PEG化脂质体和甘露糖修饰脂质体分别与空白对照比较,***p<0.001。
图3:甘露糖修饰脂质体增强M2型巨噬细胞摄取的能力。普通脂质体和PEG化脂质体分别与甘露糖修饰脂质体比较,***p<0.001。
图4:甘露糖修饰脂质体对肿瘤细胞/巨噬细胞共培养肿瘤球穿透作用。
图5:甘露糖修饰脂质体在小鼠乳腺癌4T1皮下移植瘤模型内的荧光分布。
图6:甘露糖修饰脂质体在小鼠Lewis肺癌皮下移植瘤模型内的荧光分布。
图7:甘露糖修饰脂质体对肿瘤生长的抑制作用。空白对照与甘露糖修饰脂质体比较,**p<0.01。
具体实施方式
制备例:
甘露糖修饰磷脂:准确称取4-氨基苯基α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷,加入 DMSO溶剂,磁力搅拌溶解,制成浓度为1mg/mL的溶液;另加入二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000-氨基琥珀酰亚胺,加入量约为4-氨基苯基α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷质量的5倍;充入氮气保护,室温搅拌避光反应 48h;将反应后的溶液在DMSO中透析24h以除去未反应完全的4-氨基苯基α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷,然后在纯水中透析24h以出去DMSO,冻干,即得甘露糖修饰的磷脂:二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000-甘露糖;
半乳糖修饰磷脂:准确称取4-氨基苯基α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷,加入 DMSO,磁力搅拌溶解,制成浓度为1mg/mL的溶液;另加入二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000-氨基琥珀酰亚胺,加入量约为4-氨基苯基α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷质量的5倍;充入氮气保护,室温搅拌避光反应48h;将反应后的溶液在DMSO中透析24h以除去未反应完全的4-氨基苯基α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷,然后在纯水中透析24h以出去DMSO,冻干,即得半乳糖修饰的磷脂:二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000-半乳糖;
实施例1:甘露糖修饰的脂质体
取大豆磷脂、胆固醇、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000和二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000-甘露糖,分别加入氯仿溶解制成浓度为 20mg/ml、10mg/ml、30mg/mL和30mg/mL的溶液,-20℃保存,备用;按规定的质量比例,按照表1的比例量取各种脂材溶液于圆底烧瓶中,40℃、100rpm减压旋蒸除去氯仿,继续旋蒸1h,加入4mL 55℃预热的PBS(10mM,pH7.4)缓冲液,55℃、100rpm条件下水化 1h,即得甘露糖修饰的脂质体悬液。按照发明内容中脂质体粒径测定方法,对所制备的脂质体的粒径进行测定,结果如表1所示。
表1不同磷脂比例的甘露糖修饰脂质体处方组成
实施例2:半乳糖修饰的脂质体
取大豆磷脂、胆固醇、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000和二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000-半乳糖,分别加入氯仿溶解制成浓度为 20mg/ml、10mg/ml、30mg/mL和30mg/mL的溶液,-20℃保存,备用;按大豆磷脂重量百分比为60%、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000重量百分比为15%、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-PEG2000-半乳糖重量百分比为10%、胆固醇重量百分比为15%,量取上述溶液于圆底烧瓶中, 40℃、100rpm减压旋蒸除去氯仿,继续旋蒸1h,加入4mL 55℃预热的PBS(10mM,pH7.4)缓冲液,55℃、100rpm条件下水化1h,即得半乳糖修饰的脂质体悬液。按照发明内容中脂质体粒径测定方法,对所制备的脂质体的粒径进行测定,粒径为155nm。
实施例3:糖类配体修饰的脂质体的冻干粉
取实施例1~2中制备的7组脂质体悬液适量,按表2加入冻干支撑剂(冻干液中的支撑剂浓度控制在2~7%,w/w),冻干,得糖修饰的脂质体的冻干粉,按照发明内容中脂质体粒径测定方法,对所制备的脂质体的粒径进行测定,结果如表2所示。
表2冻干支撑剂的种类
试验例1:脂质体的制备与粒径测定
参照实施例1的脂质体制备方法,依据表3的磷脂比例分别制备普通脂质体、PEG化脂质体和甘露糖修饰的脂质体,按照发明内容中脂质体粒径测定方法,对所制备的脂质体的粒径进行测定,结果如表3 所示。三种脂质体的粒径分布如图1所示。
表3不同类型参比脂质体处方组成
试验例2:荧光探针标记的脂质体制备
按实施例1制备方法和试验例1的处方组成,在磷脂材料中加入适量的香豆素-6或DiR,分别制备制备香豆素-6或DiR标记的普通脂质体、PEG化脂质体和甘露糖修饰脂质体。
试验例3:脂质体对巨噬细胞的极化作用
以试验例1制备的甘露糖修饰脂质体为受试样品,普通脂质体及 PEG化脂质体为参比样品,另设阴性对照组,将各组供试品溶液与 RAW264.7巨噬细胞孵育,孵育结束后采用流式抗体(CD86)染色并测定M1型巨噬细胞的特征因子CD86的表达水平,以此考察不同类型脂质体对正常巨噬细胞的极化作用。结果表明,普通脂质体对巨噬细胞表面CD86的表达无明显影响,而PEG化脂质体和Man修饰的脂质体可以显著增强巨噬细胞表面CD86表达,表现出促进巨噬细胞向M1型极化的特征。
结果详见表4和附图2。
表4:不同脂质体对巨噬细胞向M1型极化的促进作用
试验例4:脂质体对巨噬细胞摄取作用的影响
以试验例2制备的香豆素-6荧光标记的甘露糖修饰脂质体为受试样品,香豆素-6荧光标记普通脂质体及PEG化脂质体为参比样品,采用RAW264.7巨噬细胞,先用IL-4刺激使其向M2巨噬细胞分化,然后再加入受试样品及参比样品进行孵育,流式细胞仪测定巨噬细胞荧光强度。结果表明,三种脂质体均可增强荧光强度,但以甘露糖修饰的脂质体荧光强度最强,提示脂质体均易被M2型巨噬细胞摄取,但甘露糖修的脂质体增加细胞摄取的能力又显著优于普通脂质体和PEG 化脂质体。
结果详见表5和附图3。
表5:不同脂质体对M2型巨噬细胞摄取能力的影响
试验例5:脂质体对肿瘤细胞/巨噬细胞共培养肿瘤球的穿透性作用
将高转移肿瘤细胞4T1与巨噬细胞RAW264.7按一定比例接种于超低吸附96孔板中进行共培养,培养7天后可形成结构紧密的多细胞肿瘤球模型。以试验例2制备的香豆素-6荧光标记的甘露糖修饰脂质体为受试样品,香豆素-6荧光标记普通脂质体及PEG化脂质体为参比样品,与多细胞肿瘤球模型进行孵育培养,培养结束后用PBS清洗肿瘤球,并采用激光共聚焦层层扫描肿瘤球并观察荧光强度,评价不同类型脂质体对肿瘤球穿透性的影响。结果表明,与普通脂质体和PEG 化脂质体相比,甘露糖修饰的脂质体穿透进入肿瘤球的荧光强度最强,提示在4T1肿瘤细胞与RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞共培养的肿瘤球内,甘露糖修饰的脂质体具有增强穿透的能力。
结果详见附图4。
试验例6:脂质体在荷瘤小鼠体内的靶向分布特征
以试验例2制备的DiR标记的甘露糖修饰脂质体为受试样品,DiR 标记的普通脂质体及PEG化脂质体为参比样品,另设DiR溶液对照组,采用小鼠乳腺癌4T1和小鼠Lewis肺癌皮下移植动物模型。待皮下肿瘤体积生长至约500mm3时,尾静脉注射DiR溶液以及DiR标记的脂质体溶液,于给药后的2、4、6、8、12和24h进行动物活体荧光成像。待24h活体荧光拍摄结束后,脱颈椎处死试验组小鼠,取出动物心、肝、脾、肺、肾和肿瘤组织,再进行离体荧光成像。
结果表明,在小鼠乳腺癌4T1皮下移植动物模型中,在0~24h实验周期内,与普通脂质体相比,PEG化脂质体和甘露糖修饰脂质体在肿瘤区域的荧光强度明显增强,表明PEG化脂质体和甘露糖修饰脂质体具有明显的肿瘤靶向效应。在小鼠Lewis肺癌皮下移植动物模型中,甘露糖修饰脂质体在肿瘤组织的靶向能力不仅优于普通脂质体,而且还优于PEG化脂质体。
结果详见附图5和附图6。
试验例7:脂质体动物模型的抗肿瘤作用考察
以试验例1制备的甘露糖修饰的脂质体为受试样品,普通脂质体及PEG化脂质体为参比样品,另设空白阴性对照组,采用小鼠神经胶质瘤细胞G422皮下移植动物模型,于造模后次日(24小时后)动物随机分组,每组7只动物,称重后给药。空白对照组不给药,参比制剂及受试样品均为每天1次,连续给药13天,每次尾静肪注射 47nmol/g(以磷脂含量计)。第14天称量体重,处死动物,剥取肿瘤组织,称重并进行拍照。最后计算肿瘤抑制率,以肿瘤抑制率评价抗肿瘤作用强度。
相对肿瘤增殖率T/C%=T/C×100%(T:治疗组肿瘤重量;C:阴性对照组肿瘤重量)。
肿瘤增殖抑制率TGI(%):TGI=(1-T/C)×100。(T:治疗组肿瘤重量;C:阴性对照组肿瘤重量)。
考察结果表明,普通脂质体TGI为28.5%,PEG化脂质体为20.0%, 而本发明的甘露糖修饰的功能性脂质体为40.7%,明显优于普通脂质体和PEG化脂质体。
结果详见表6和附图7。
表6:不同脂质体对肿瘤生长的抑制作用
Claims (7)
1.一种免疫靶向功能性脂质体在制备免疫系统疾病治疗的佐剂或肿瘤免疫治疗的增效佐剂中的应用;所述免疫靶向功能性脂质体靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞;所述免疫靶向功能性脂质体为不包载药物的空白脂质体,脂质体膜材中含有糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂、磷脂和胆固醇,脂质体平均粒径在50~500nm;在脂质体膜材中,糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂所占重量百分比为10%,磷脂所占重量百分比为55%,胆固醇所占重量百分比为20%;膜材中还加入未经配体修饰的PEG化磷脂,在膜材中所占重量百分比为15%;糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂,由“磷脂-PEG-糖类配体”三部分组成,其中磷脂选自二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺;PEG分子量选自2000~5000Da;糖类配体为甘露糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,膜材中的磷脂为天然大豆磷脂或天然蛋黄磷脂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述免疫靶向功能性脂质体制备方法选自薄膜分散法、二次乳化法、逆向蒸发法和乙醇注入法。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述免疫靶向功能性脂质体的制备方法选自薄膜分散法,操作步骤如下:先以未经配体修饰的PEG化磷脂为原料,制备糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂;再称取糖类配体修饰的PEG化磷脂、未经配体修饰的PEG化磷脂、磷脂和胆固醇,分别加入有机溶剂溶解制成一定浓度的溶液,按规定的质量比量取各种溶液,置圆底烧瓶中,混合,40℃~60℃条件下减压旋蒸除去有机溶剂,加入预热至温度相近的PBS缓冲液,搅拌进行水化,即得功能性脂质体悬液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,制得的功能性脂质体悬液,还加入冻干支撑剂,通过冷冻干燥工艺制成冻干粉针。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,冻干支撑剂为甘露醇、海藻糖、葡 萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、壳聚糖中的一种或它们的混合物。
7.权利要求1~6任一项中所述的功能性脂质体在制备肿瘤免疫治疗药物包载与免疫靶向递送的工具中的应用。
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