CN111060272B - A test method for free vibration damping of elevator car - Google Patents
A test method for free vibration damping of elevator car Download PDFInfo
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- CN111060272B CN111060272B CN201911389219.4A CN201911389219A CN111060272B CN 111060272 B CN111060272 B CN 111060272B CN 201911389219 A CN201911389219 A CN 201911389219A CN 111060272 B CN111060272 B CN 111060272B
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电梯轿厢自由振动阻尼测试方法，该方法包括下述步骤：采用称重装置测得电梯轿厢质量m，获取单根钢丝绳的弹性模量E，采用游标卡尺测得钢丝绳直径d，计算单根钢丝绳截面积S；计算曳引比i、悬挂钢丝绳根数n；采用激光测距仪及卷尺测得从轿顶至曳引轮切点处的钢丝绳长度l；电梯轿顶设有振动测试仪，电梯空载向下运行至匀速状态时，断电使电梯紧急制动，读取紧急制动后轿厢自由振动的参数，计算对数衰减率δ；计算电梯轿厢自由振动阻尼。本发明通过测量确定电梯钢丝绳‑轿厢系统自由振动时的阻尼，解决了传统计算时仅通过经验来估计阻尼值的局限，提供了测量的准确性。
The invention discloses a free vibration damping test method of an elevator car. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the mass m of the elevator car by using a weighing device, obtaining the elastic modulus E of a single wire rope, and measuring the diameter of the wire rope by using a vernier caliper d. Calculate the cross-sectional area S of a single wire rope; calculate the traction ratio i and the number of suspended wire ropes n; use a laser range finder and a tape measure to measure the wire rope length l from the top of the car to the tangent point of the traction sheave; There is a vibration tester. When the elevator runs down to a constant speed with no load, the power is cut off to make the elevator emergency brake, read the parameters of the free vibration of the car after emergency braking, calculate the logarithmic attenuation rate δ; calculate the free vibration of the elevator car damping. By measuring and determining the damping of the elevator wire rope-car system during free vibration, the invention solves the limitation of estimating the damping value only through experience in traditional calculation, and provides the accuracy of measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of elevator vibration testing, in particular to a free vibration damping testing method for an elevator car.
Background
When the engineering structure vibrates freely, the amplitude of the vibration is gradually attenuated along with the time due to the damping effect, and finally the vibration is close to zero to stop vibrating.
The elevator acts as a suspension system, the movement of which in the shaft is subject to a damping force, which is a non-negligible factor, for the accurate analysis of the movement of the elevator. However, because damping influence factors are numerous and testing is difficult, damping is rarely considered in traditional elevator vibration research, and analysis result errors are large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the free vibration damping test method for the elevator car, which can conveniently and quickly test the vibration damping of the elevator steel wire rope-car system in use, so that the vibration characteristic of the elevator car is mastered, the riding comfort of the elevator car is improved, and relevant parameters are provided for improving the energy efficiency of the elevator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a free vibration damping measurement method of an elevator car, which comprises the following steps:
adopt weighing device to record elevator car quality m, obtain single wire rope' S elastic modulus E, adopt slide caliper to measure wire rope diameter d, calculate single wire rope sectional area S:
calculating a traction ratio i and the number n of suspended steel wire ropes;
measuring the length l of the steel wire rope from the car top to the tangent point of the traction wheel by using a laser range finder and a measuring tape;
a vibration tester is arranged on the top of the elevator car, when the elevator runs downwards in a no-load state to a constant speed state, the power is cut off to make the elevator brake emergently, parameters of free vibration of the car after emergency braking are read, and the logarithmic decrement delta is calculated;
calculating the free vibration damping of the elevator car:
wherein c represents the damping value of the free vibration of the elevator car.
As a preferred technical scheme, the calculation formula of the free vibration damping of the elevator car specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing a steel wire rope-car system into a damping spring vibration system;
the differential equation of the free vibration of the system is constructed as follows:
in the formula: m is the mass of the elevator car, c is the measured damping coefficient, k is the elastic constant of the elevator steel wire rope, t is time, and x (t) is the displacement of the elevator car along with the change of time;
the elastic constant of the elevator steel wire rope is as follows:
in the formula, i represents a traction ratio, n is the number of steel wire ropes, E is the elastic modulus of the steel wire ropes, S is the area of a single steel wire rope, and l is the length of the steel wire rope from the car roof to a tangent point of a traction wheel;
dividing both sides of formula (1) by mass m to obtain:
in the formula, ωnIs the natural frequency of an undamped system, i.e.
Zeta is damping ratio, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the steel wire rope-car system is a damped vibration system, zeta is more than 0 and less than 1, and the solution of equation (1) can be obtained as follows:
wherein, ω isdIn order to have the natural frequency of the damping system:
wherein, X represents the amplitude of the vibration,
the phase of the initial phase is represented,
the damped natural period of a damped vibration system is:
according to exponential decay, a logarithmic decay rate delta is adopted to express the natural logarithm of the ratio of two adjacent amplitudes of a natural period, namely:
the combined vertical type (2), (5) and (9) are finished to obtain
Wherein c represents the damping value of the free vibration of the elevator car.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention determines the damping of the free vibration of the elevator steel wire rope-car system by measurement, solves the limitation that the damping value is estimated only by experience in the traditional calculation, can measure corresponding parameters only by carrying out emergency braking operation, is safe and economical to implement, and can be widely applied to the damping measurement of a traction type structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of measurement parameters of the elevator car free vibration damping measurement method in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring damping of free vibration of an elevator car, which obtains damping of free vibration of an elevator car by taking relevant parameter measurement into a calculation module, and includes the following measurement steps:
the basic parameters to be measured include: measured by means of weighing devicesThe quality of the elevator car, the performance parameter table are looked up to obtain the elastic modulus of a single steel wire rope, the diameter of the steel wire rope is measured by a vernier caliper, and therefore the sectional area of the single steel wire rope is calculated
The traction ratio i, the number n of the suspended steel wire ropes and the free vibration amplitude value are obtained through visual inspection on the car top, related parameters are input into an input module, free vibration damping of the car is obtained through a calculation module according to the following calculation formula, and the free vibration damping is displayed through an output module.
When the elevator car vibrates freely, the brake stably clasps the brake, the traction sheave does not rotate any more, the elevator car is suspended on the traction sheave through the steel wire rope, and at the moment, the steel wire rope-car can be regarded as a vibration system with a damping spring.
The system free vibration differential equation is:
in the formula: m is the mass of the elevator car, c is the measured damping coefficient, k is the elastic constant of the elevator steel wire rope, t is time, and x (t) is the displacement of the elevator car along with the change of time;
wherein the elastic constant of the elevator steel wire rope is as follows:
in the formula, i represents a traction ratio, n is the number of steel wire ropes, E is the elastic modulus of the steel wire ropes, S is the area of a single steel wire rope, and l is the length of the steel wire rope from the car roof to a tangent point of a traction wheel;
dividing both sides of formula (1) by mass m to obtain:
in the formula, ωnIs the natural frequency of an undamped system, i.e.
Zeta is damping ratio, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the steel wire rope-car system discussed in this embodiment is a damped vibration system, and belongs to the small damping situation in engineering, i.e. 0 < ζ < 1, so the solution of equation (1) can be obtained as follows:
wherein ω isdIn order to have the natural frequency of the damping system:
x (amplitude) and
the (initial phase) is determined by the initial conditions of the elevator car;
according to the physical meaning of the inherent period, the inherent period of the damping system with damping is as follows:
the steel wire rope-car system of the embodiment is a damped vibration system, the amplitude of the system is exponentially attenuated in the free vibration process, and the natural logarithm of the ratio of two adjacent amplitudes in a natural period is represented by a logarithmic attenuation rate delta, namely:
the combined vertical type (2), (5) and (9) are finished to obtain
Wherein: m, i, n, E and S are constants, l is determined by the position of the elevator, and delta can be measured through a free vibration experiment, so that the free vibration damping value of the elevator car at any point can be measured.
The specific measurement steps are as follows:
(1) measuring the mass m of the car by using a weighing device;
(2) visually measuring the traction ratio i and the number n of the steel wire ropes on the car roof;
(3) looking up a performance parameter table to obtain the elastic modulus E of the single steel wire rope;
(4) measuring the diameter d of the steel wire rope by using a vernier caliper so as to calculate the sectional area of a single steel wire rope
(5) Measuring the length l of the steel wire rope from the car top to the tangent point of the traction wheel by using a laser range finder and a measuring tape;
(6) firstly, mounting a vibration tester on the top of an elevator car; secondly, the elevator runs downwards to a constant speed state in no-load mode; thirdly, the elevator is emergently braked by power failure; fourthly, reading parameters of free vibration of the car after braking; calculating the natural logarithm delta of the ratio of the two amplitudes;
(7) the measured parameters are substituted into the formula (10) to obtain the free vibration damping of the system.
The embodiment can determine the damping of the free vibration of the elevator steel wire rope-car system through measurement, solves the limitation that the damping value is estimated only through experience in the traditional calculation, can measure corresponding parameters only through emergency braking operation, is safe and economical to implement, and can be widely applied to the damping measurement of a traction type structure.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
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| JPS5261035A (en) * | 1975-11-14 | 1977-05-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Device for preventing ropes for elevator from vibrating |
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| CN103420258A (en) * | 2012-05-20 | 2013-12-04 | 浙江快奥电梯有限公司 | Elevator driving device |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105984782A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-10-05 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Elevator system, method controlling operation of elevator system, and non-instantaneous computer readable medium |
| JP2016199378A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2016-12-01 | 株式会社日立ビルシステム | Elevator safety device clearance measurement device |
| CN207016312U (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-02-16 | 住友富士电梯有限公司 | A kind of elevator for reducing maintenance cost |
| CN107356419A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-17 | 厦门大学 | A kind of experimental method for being used to measure rope damping parameter |
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