CN111054944A

CN111054944A - Special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes for crankshafts

Info

Publication number: CN111054944A
Application number: CN201911271283.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨军; 李新文
Original assignee: Xiangyang Fuda Dongkang Crankshaft Co ltd
Current assignee: Xiangyang Fuda Crankshaft Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-12-12
Filing date: 2019-12-12
Publication date: 2020-04-24
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-12
Also published as: CN111054944B

Abstract

A special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes for crankshafts is used for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes for crankshafts. It is mainly composed of bed, traverse table, drilling power head, turntable table, indexing and indexing fixture, crankshaft axial positioning fixture, crankshaft radial positioning fixture, electrical control system, hydraulic control system, and pneumatic control system. Except for manual loading and unloading, the present invention is automatically completed, and the degree of automation is high, which can effectively improve work efficiency, reduce labor intensity, and facilitate the operation on the manipulator assembly line.

Description

Special equipment for drilling straight oil hole or oblique oil hole on crankshaft

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part manufacturing, in particular to special equipment for drilling a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole in a crankshaft.

Background

Along with the continuous improvement of the annual output of the crankshaft, the processing of the straight and inclined oil holes of the crankshaft becomes the bottleneck of the whole production line at present. Because the continuous development of the advanced technology of the mechanical industry, compared with the prior SSK8119 straight and inclined oil hole processing gun drill machine tool, the machine tool has the following defects:

1. in the using process, a large amount of sprayed gun drilling oil is used for cooling a machined part and lubricating a cutter, but due to the fact that the sprayed oil amount is large, a recycling device filtering system is arranged for filtering the gun drilling oil, and the recycling device filtering system is too large and occupies a large area.

2. Operators can contact a large amount of gun drill oil during processing, tool changing, debugging, cleaning equipment and the like, and especially in summer, gun drill oil mist is diffused around a machine tool, so that the health of the operators is seriously threatened.

3. The drilled iron chips contain a large amount of gun drilling oil, and if the iron chips are directly discarded as the iron chips, the environment is greatly damaged; gun drilling oil is seriously polluted at any time along with the transportation of iron filings, so a specially-assigned person is required to carry out oil throwing treatment on the iron filings, and the waste of human resources is caused.

4. The working efficiency of the machine tool is low;

5. gun drill oil is in filtration system, if the gun drill oil that the cleanliness is very poor passes through gun drill cutter oilhole, just very easily by impurity jam, if gun drill oil can not smoothly spray the machined part, can cause gun drill cutter to cut off sword, bent axle and jig cover to scrap.

6. The oil hole is drilled by tightly propping the center holes at the two ends of the crankshaft by the center, and the crankshaft belongs to a slender shaft, so that the radial force applied to the slender shaft is very large during drilling, the crankshaft can be bent, and the vibration of a machine tool is very large.

7. Due to the design of the gun drill machine, the length of the gun drill is very long and reaches 480-500mm, so that a set of very complicated guide device needs to be arranged on the gun drill machine.

8. The gun drill cutter is manufactured by welding hard alloy on the cutter rod, if the welding quality is not over-closed, the hard alloy cutter head is subjected to desoldering in the machining process, the cutter head is separated from the cutter rod and clamped in a hole of a machined workpiece, and the cutter head is continuously fed and rotated along with the cutter rod, so that the scrapped cutter rod is extruded in the machined hole until the crankshaft and the drill jig sleeve are scrapped simultaneously.

9. When the gun drill oil pump is used, the oil pump is damaged very quickly due to poor cleanliness of the gun drill oil, the pressure of gun drill oil injection is reduced, or a filter screen is blocked, the gun drill oil is not returned timely, and the gun drill oil cannot be cooled or lubricated during machining, so that cutter breakage is caused, and a drill die sleeve and a crankshaft are scrapped.

10. In summer, the oil temperature is high, and the gun drill oil needs to be cooled by an oil cooler. If the oil temperature of the gun drill is too high, the phenomena of fire catching, tripping of a cooling machine and the like can occur besides the failure of cooling a workpiece and lubricating a cutter.

11. After the centre is tightly propped, the centre can automatically return, and if a hole is drilled at the moment, the phenomenon of cutter breaking inevitably occurs because the centre is not provided with an alarm device.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide special equipment for drilling a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole on a crankshaft, so as to realize automatic drilling of the straight oil hole or the inclined oil hole of the crankshaft with high precision.

In order to achieve the purpose, the drilling machine mainly comprises a machine body, a transverse moving workbench, a drilling power head, a turntable workbench, an indexing and indexing fixture, a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system and a pneumatic control system, and drilling of a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole of a crankshaft is achieved.

The transverse moving workbench is positioned on one side of the bed body close to an operator, two T-shaped grooves at the bottom of the transverse moving workbench are arranged on a rolling linear guide rail at the bottom of the bed body, the transverse moving of the transverse moving workbench is driven by an oil cylinder below the transverse moving workbench, a stop block controlling the movement end position of the transverse moving workbench can slide on the rolling linear guide rail on the bed body, and the stop block is locked on the rolling linear guide rail at the bottom of the bed body by using screws after the position of the stop block is adjusted in advance according to the size of a crankshaft; the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail is arranged above the transverse moving worktable, and the angular positioning device, the indexing and transposition clamp, the V-shaped bracket, the leaning frame and the tail platform are arranged above the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail.

M2 and M6 main journals at two ends of the crankshaft are supported on a V-shaped bracket of a crankshaft radial positioning clamp, the center of a tail platform of the crankshaft axial positioning clamp props against a central hole at the large end of the crankshaft, and a thrust surface of a crankshaft small-end journal leans against the end surface of a chuck jaw to realize the axial positioning of the crankshaft; the V-shaped block of the V-shaped bracket is connected with the overlong round hole of the base tee joint and the bolt, and the three bottoms of the base are connected with the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail in a sliding manner.

The angular positioning oil cylinder of the angular positioning device of the radial crankshaft positioning clamp is fixed on the first base, the angular positioning device is arranged between an operator and the crankshaft, and the vertical distance from the axis of the crankshaft is that the first connecting rod neck P1 of the crankshaft can be lapped on the surface of the positioning rod in the horizontal direction. The adjusting screw rod and a first piston rod of the angular positioning oil cylinder are locked through a nut, the positioning rod is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting screw rod through a set screw, a first base is locked on a dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail of the transverse moving workbench through a first trapezoidal locking block, the infrared sensor is fixed on a cylinder barrel of the angular positioning oil cylinder through a connecting steel plate, a long circular hole is formed in the vertical direction of the connecting steel plate, and the infrared sensor can move along the long circular hole according to the position of the positioning rod.

A second base of a leaning frame of the radial positioning clamp for the crankshaft is locked on the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail of the transverse moving workbench through a second trapezoidal locking block, the cylinder is fixed on the second base, one end of the positioning seat is connected with a second piston rod in the cylinder, the cushion block is fixed at the other end of the positioning seat, and the outer side of the cushion block is of a V-shaped structure; a second piston rod in the cylinder extends out, the drive positioning seat and the cushion block are tightly propped against the diameter of the middle shaft of the crankshaft, and at the moment, a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole can be drilled on the crankshaft; the piston rod II in the cylinder retracts, so that the positioning seat and the cushion block are separated from the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft, and the crankshaft can be lifted up and down at the moment.

A first servo motor of the indexing and indexing fixture is connected with a synchronous toothed belt through a worm gear speed reducer, and the first servo motor drives a main shaft of the indexing and indexing fixture and a workpiece to rotate and index through belt transmission, so that oil holes with different phase angles on a crankshaft are drilled; the two clamping oil cylinders clamp the opening thin-wall sleeve through the pressing block connected with the two clamping oil cylinders to enable the opening thin-wall sleeve to generate elastic deformation, and the sleeve fixed on the main shaft is locked; the surface of the chuck jaw at the front end of the main shaft is provided with marks respectively corresponding to different crankshafts.

The rotary table working table is fixed on a horizontal moving sliding table on a horizontal moving guide rail and is driven by a servo motor, the rotary table working table can move along the horizontal moving guide rail along with the horizontal moving sliding table, so that oil holes at different axial positions of the crankshaft are drilled, and the horizontal moving guide rail is fixed on a lathe bed; the rotary table is driven manually, a gear shaft of the first gear is fixed on the horizontal moving sliding table, a square head at the upper end of the first gear is pulled by a wrench to drive the first gear to rotate, the first gear is meshed with a second gear on the rotary table to drive the rotary table to rotate, so that the oblique oil hole of the crankshaft is drilled, and the rotary table is locked by a round nut after rotating to a required angle position; the liftable guide rail seat is in sliding fit with a guide groove fixed on the turntable workbench, the positioning block is fixed on the liftable guide rail seat, a T-shaped sliding block for positioning and guiding the liftable guide rail seat is arranged between the guide groove and the liftable guide rail seat, the adjusting screw is screwed, the positioning block connected on the liftable guide rail seat drives the liftable guide rail seat to move upwards, the adjusting screw is loosened, and the liftable guide rail seat moves downwards so as to drive the drilling power head on the liftable guide rail seat to move upwards and downwards.

The drilling power head is arranged on the liftable guide rail seat and comprises a sliding plate, a drilling main shaft and a drilling die sleeve; the slide plate adopts a linear guide rail, is driven by a servo motor II and is used for feeding motion during drilling of the oil hole, the drilling main shaft adopts a variable-frequency high-speed precision main shaft, the front end of the drilling main shaft is provided with a spring tool handle, oil mist sprayed out by a lubricating system is sprayed out through a cold hole in a twist drill to lubricate and cool a processed part, and the end part shape of a drill die sleeve is matched with the surface of the excircle of a main journal of the drilled straight oil hole or the excircle of a connecting rod journal of the drilled inclined oil hole.

The cutter is lubricated and cooled by adopting an MQL oil mist cooling and lubricating system, and the lubricant is completely used up in the machining process and does not require circular treatment.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the MQL aerodynamic minimal quantity lubrication device is adopted for quasi-dry cutting processing, so that friction between a cutter and a workpiece and between the cutter and cutting scraps can be greatly reduced, the effects of inhibiting temperature rise, reducing cutter abrasion, preventing adhesion and improving the processing quality of the workpiece are achieved, few lubricating liquid is used, the effect is very obvious, the later-stage processing is avoided, clean and clean cutting scraps can be recycled after being compressed, the working efficiency is improved, the environment cannot be polluted, and the production environment is thoroughly improved; the iron chips are dry and comfortable, the environment cannot be polluted during transportation, and an oil throwing operator is not needed; avoids occupational skin diseases of operators.

2. A set of leaning frame is added, feeding and discharging are not interfered when the positioning mechanism retracts, drilling processing can be carried out when the positioning mechanism extends out, and the crankshaft can be radially pushed tightly without vibration.

3. Compared with a gun drill, the twist drill is very short and only has the length of 223 plus 265mm, and is of an integral structure, and no guiding device with a complex structure is arranged except for a drill die sleeve.

4. Except that the manual work goes up the unloading, all the other are all accomplished automatically, and degree of automation is high, can effectively improve work efficiency, alleviates intensity of labour, is convenient for operate on the manipulator assembly line simultaneously.

5. The equipment is provided with an alarm system which can control the occurrence of knife breaking.

6. The equipment adopts totally-enclosed protection, and is safe and beautiful.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a process diagram of a crankshaft.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view F-F of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a left side view of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a top view of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural view of the traverse table of fig. 3.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the angular positioning apparatus of FIG. 6.

Fig. 8 is a view showing the structure of the indexing jig of fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the horizontal moving slide table of fig. 3.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of I-I of fig. 10.

Fig. 14 is an assembly view of the drilling head of fig. 4.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the headrest of fig. 6.

Fig. 16 is a view showing the structure of the V-shaped bracket of fig. 6.

In the figure: 1. an oil cylinder; 2. a dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail; 3. a V-shaped bracket; 4. leaning on the frame; 5. a tail platform; 6. a crankshaft; 7. drilling a die sleeve; 8. a stopper; 9. a T-shaped slot; 10. a tip; 11. a central bore; 12. a thrust surface; 13. chuck jaws; 14. a first connecting rod neck P1; 15. an angular positioning oil cylinder; 16. positioning a rod; 17. a first base; 18, a first trapezoidal locking block; 19. an adjusting screw; 20. adjusting the screw rod; 21. tightening the screw; 22. a first piston rod; 23. a nut; 24. a first servo motor; 25. a synchronous toothed belt; 26. a main shaft; 27. clamping the oil cylinder; 28. briquetting; 29. an open thin-walled sleeve; 30. sleeving; 31. a first gear; 32. a second gear; 33. drilling a main shaft; 34. a slide plate; 35. a servo motor II; 36. a spring knife handle; 37. a twist drill; 38. a three-color alarm lamp; 39. transversely moving the workbench; 40. a turntable work table; 41. an oil hole; 42. an electrical control system; 43. a hydraulic control system; 44. a pneumatic control system; 45. a liftable guide rail seat; 46. a bed body; 47. a T-shaped slider; 48. positioning blocks; 49. cushion blocks; 50. positioning seats; 51. a piston rod II; 52. a cylinder; 53. a second base; 54. a second trapezoidal locking block; 55. an angular positioning device; 56. indexing and indexing the clamp; 57. a round nut; 58. drilling a power head; 59. the guide rail is moved in the horizontal direction. 60. Moving the sliding table in the horizontal direction; 61. a guide groove; 62. an infrared sensor; 63. a third base; 64. and (5) a V-shaped block.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7, fig. 8, fig. 9, fig. 10, fig. 11, fig. 12, fig. 13, fig. 14, fig. 15, and fig. 16, the present invention mainly comprises a lathe bed 46, a traverse table 39, a drilling power head 58, a turntable table 40, an indexing fixture 56, a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, an electrical control system 42, a hydraulic control system 43, and a pneumatic control system 44, and can realize drilling of straight oil holes or oblique oil holes of a crankshaft 6, so that frequent bit replacement can be avoided, production efficiency can be improved, and the device has a simple structure and is convenient for device adjustment. The drilling equipment can drill straight oil holes or inclined oil holes of various crankshafts 6 with the length below 1200mm, and has high flexibility and convenient model change. Wherein, the movement of the turntable workbench 40 along the horizontal direction (X-axis direction), the drilling feed motion of the drilling power head 58 along the Z-axis direction, and the rotary motion of the main shaft 26 of the indexing fixture 56 around the C-axis are all driven by a servo motor and controlled by a Siemens numerical control system to ensure good processing precision and position precision; the transverse movement of the transverse moving worktable 39 along the W-axis direction, the extension and retraction of the top 10 of the tail platform 5 and the like are driven by hydraulic pressure so as to ensure the movement reliability of each working part and good rigidity during working; other auxiliary actions such as lifting of the liftable guide rail seat 45 along the Y axis and rotation of the turntable workbench 40 around the B axis are completed by manual adjustment, so that the equipment cost and complexity are reduced.

The traverse table 39 is positioned on one side of the bed 46 close to an operator, the bed 46 is a cast flat bed, so that the equipment has higher rigidity, and meanwhile, the feeding and discharging and the maintenance of the equipment are convenient to process, and the traverse table 39 has two functions: firstly, the crankshaft 6 is kept in close contact with the drill jig sleeve 7 during drilling, and secondly, the drill jig sleeve 7 is avoided during loading and unloading so as to prevent the crankshaft 6 from colliding with the drill jig sleeve 7; the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 is arranged above the transverse moving worktable 39, and the full-length dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 is a positioning and adjusting reference of an angular positioning device 55, an indexing and indexing fixture 56, a V-shaped bracket 3, a leaning frame 4 and a tail table 5; two T-shaped grooves 9 at the bottom of the traverse table 39 are placed on a rolling linear guide rail at the bottom of the bed 46, the traverse table 39 is driven by an oil cylinder 1 below the traverse table in the W-axis direction, the stroke is 200mm, a stopper 8 for controlling the movement end position of the traverse table 39 can slide on the rolling linear guide rail on the bed 46, and after the position of the stopper 8 is adjusted in advance according to the size of the crankshaft 6, the stopper 8 is locked on the rolling linear guide rail on the bed 46 by screws. By adopting the rolling linear guide rail, the transverse moving worktable 39 has higher movement precision and longer service life.

M2 and M6 main journals at two ends of a crankshaft 6 are supported on a V-shaped bracket 3 of a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, a top tip 10 of a tail platform 5 of the crankshaft axial positioning fixture is abutted against a central hole 11 at the large end of the crankshaft 6, a thrust surface 12 of a small-end journal of the crankshaft 6 is abutted against the end surface of a chuck jaw 13 to realize the axial positioning of the crankshaft 6, a V-shaped block 64 of the V-shaped bracket 3 is connected with a base III 63 through a long round hole and a bolt, the bottom of the base III 63 is in sliding connection with a dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2, the height of the V-shaped block 64 can be adjusted to be suitable for crankshafts 6 of various specifications, and the base III 63 is locked on the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 of a transverse moving worktable 39 through a. An angular positioning oil cylinder 15 of an angular positioning device 55 of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is fixed on the first base 17, the angular positioning device 55 is arranged between an operator and the crankshaft 6, and a connecting rod neck P1 with the vertical distance of 14 from the axis of the crankshaft 6 can be lapped on the surface of the positioning rod 16 in the horizontal direction; the adjusting screw rod 20 and a piston rod I22 of the angular positioning oil cylinder 15 are locked through a nut 23, the positioning rod 16 is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting screw rod 20 through a set screw 21, a base I17 is locked on a dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 of the transverse moving workbench 39 through a trapezoid locking block I18, the infrared sensor 62 is fixed on a cylinder barrel of the angular positioning oil cylinder 15 through a connecting steel plate, a long circular hole is formed in the vertical direction of the connecting steel plate, and the infrared sensor 62 can move along the long circular hole according to the position of the positioning rod 16; when the crankshaft 6 is loaded, the M2 and the M6 main journal of the crankshaft 6 are placed on the V-shaped bracket 3, the tip 10 of the tail platform 5 is extended by pressing the inching button of the tail platform 5, the center hole 11 of the large end of the crankshaft 6 is propped against, meanwhile, the thrust surface 12 of the small-end journal of the crankshaft 6 is leaned against the end surface of the chuck jaw 13, the axial positioning of the crankshaft 6 is realized, the clamping button of the chuck jaw 13 is pressed, after the crankshaft 6 is clamped, the angular positioning oil cylinder 15 is inching, the first piston rod 22 is extended to drive the positioning rod 16 to ascend, when the positioning rod 16 touches the light emitted by the infrared sensor 62 in the ascending process, the angular positioning oil cylinder 15 stops working after the infrared sensor 62 feeds back a signal to the electric control system 42, the positioning rod 16 stops ascending, and when the inclined oil hole 41 of the: an operator manually rotates the crankshaft 6 to enable a first connecting rod neck P1 to be lapped on the surface of the positioning rod 16, at the moment, the first connecting rod neck P1 is in the horizontal direction, the position of the first connecting rod neck P1 after being positioned is an equipment zero returning position, the equipment zero returning position is used as a reference, under the combined action of the indexing and indexing fixture 56 and the turntable workbench 40, the crankshaft 6 rotates by an angle corresponding to one another, and the drilling power head 58 can respectively process six oblique oil holes 41 on the six connecting rod necks; when the straight oil hole 41 is processed: the heights of the positioning rod 16 and the infrared sensor 62 are adjusted, an operator manually rotates the crankshaft 6 to enable the first connecting rod neck P1 to be lapped on the surface of the positioning rod 16, at the moment, the first connecting rod neck P1 is in the horizontal direction, the position where the first connecting rod neck P1 is positioned is an equipment zero returning position, the equipment zero returning position is used as a reference, the crankshaft 6 is rotated by an angle corresponding to one another under the action of the indexing and indexing fixture 56, and six straight oil holes 41 in six main journals can be respectively machined through the drilling power head 58. After the angular positioning is finished, the angular positioning oil cylinder 15 retracts, so that the equipment enters automatic circulation, otherwise, danger is easy to occur. In order to ensure the continuity and efficiency of the processing of the straight oil hole and the inclined oil hole of the crankshaft 6, under the condition of sufficient equipment resources, a mode that only one type of oil hole (the straight oil hole or the inclined oil hole) is processed by one piece of equipment is usually adopted.

A second base 53 of the leaning frame 4 of the radial positioning clamp for the crankshaft is locked on the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 of the transverse moving worktable 39 through a second trapezoidal locking block 54, a cylinder 52 is fixed on the second base 53, one end of a positioning seat 50 is connected with a second piston rod 51 in the cylinder 52, a cushion block 49 is fixed at the other end of the positioning seat 50, and the outer side of the cushion block 49 is of a V-shaped structure; when the second piston rod 51 in the cylinder 52 extends out, the driving positioning seat 50 and the cushion block 49 are tightly pressed on the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft 6, and at the moment, the twist drill 37 can start to drill a straight oil hole or an inclined oil hole 41 on the crankshaft 6, so that the slender shaft can be prevented from bending deformation due to the drilling force, and the vibration of the equipment is reduced; when the second piston rod 51 in the cylinder 52 retracts, the positioning seat 50 and the cushion block 49 are separated from the middle shaft diameter of the crankshaft 6, and the crankshaft 6 can be lifted up and down at the moment. The second base 53 can slide on the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 to meet the length requirements of crankshafts 6 with different specifications.

The first servo motor 24 of the indexing fixture 56 is connected with the synchronous toothed belt 25 through a precision worm gear reducer and rotates along the C axis, so that the accurate positioning of the oil holes 41 on different phase angles of the crankshaft 6 is realized, the first servo motor 24 drives the main shaft 26 of the indexing fixture 56 and a workpiece to rotate and index through belt transmission, the indexing angle of the main shaft 26 is smaller than 1 degree, the precision is +/-1', and the drilling of the oil holes 41 on different phase angles of the crankshaft 6 can be realized; the clamping oil cylinders 27 are fixed on the base of the indexing fixture 56, the base of the indexing fixture 56 and the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail 2 of the traverse table 39 are fixed through bolts, the two clamping oil cylinders 27 clamp the opening thin-wall sleeve 29 through the pressing block 28 connected with the two clamping oil cylinders 27 to generate elastic deformation, and lock the sleeve 30 fixed on the main shaft 26, and after the main shaft 26 rotates to a required angle, the clamping oil cylinders 27 clamp the opening thin-wall sleeve 29 through the pressing block 28 to generate elastic deformation, and lock the sleeve 30 fixed on the main shaft 26 so as to prevent the main shaft 26 from rotating and causing accidents in the drilling process; the surfaces of the chuck jaws 13 at the front end of the main shaft 26 are marked with marks corresponding to different crankshafts 6, respectively.

The turntable workbench 40 is fixed on a horizontal direction moving sliding table 60 on a horizontal direction moving guide rail 59 and is driven by a servo motor, the turntable workbench 40 can move along with the horizontal direction moving sliding table 60 along the horizontal direction moving guide rail 59 to drill oil holes 41 at different axial positions of the crankshaft 6, and the horizontal direction moving guide rail 59 is fixed on the lathe bed 46; the rotary table 40 is driven manually, a gear shaft of the first gear 31 is fixed on the horizontal moving sliding table 60, a square head at the upper end of the first gear 31 is pulled by a wrench to drive the first gear 31 to rotate, the first gear 31 is meshed with the second gear 32 on the rotary table 40 to drive the rotary table 40 to rotate around the B shaft, drilling of an inclined oil hole of the crankshaft 6 is realized, and the rotary table 40 is locked by a round nut 57 after rotating to a required angle position; liftable guide rail seat 45 and the guide way 61 of fixing on carousel workstation 40 sliding fit, locating piece 48 is fixed on liftable guide rail seat 45, T shape slider 47 dress is between guide way 61 and liftable guide rail seat 45, provide location and guide effect for liftable guide rail seat 45, and have functions such as regulation clearance during the assembly, screw up adjusting screw 19, locating piece 48 of connection on liftable guide rail seat 45 drives liftable guide rail seat 45 and moves along the Y axle is upwards, loosen adjusting screw 19, drive liftable guide rail seat 45 and move along the Y axle is downwards, thereby drive drilling unit head 58 on liftable guide rail seat 45 and reciprocate, its Y is to moving maximum stroke 100mm, realize the drilling of the not high oilhole 41 of bent axle 6.

The drilling power head 58 is arranged on the liftable guide rail seat 45, and the drilling power head 58 mainly comprises a sliding plate 34, a drilling main shaft 33 and a drill jig sleeve 7; the sliding plate 34 adopts a rolling linear guide rail so that the equipment has higher motion precision and longer service life, and the sliding plate 34 is driven by a second servo motor 35 and used for feeding motion when the oil hole 41 is drilled so as to ensure accurate drilling depth and good surface finish; the drilling main shaft 33 adopts a frequency conversion high-speed precision main shaft of Taiwan Pusen, and is driven by a common motor and a frequency converter to realize stepless speed regulation, the highest rotating speed of the frequency conversion regulation can reach 6000rpm, a Morse No. 3 internal cooling spring tool holder 36 is arranged at the front end of the drilling main shaft 33, oil mist sprayed by an MQL trace lubrication system is sprayed out through an internal cooling hole of a twist drill 37 to lubricate and cool a processing part; the end shape of the drill jig sleeve 7 is matched with the surface of the excircle of the main journal of the drilled straight oil hole or matched with the surface of the excircle of the connecting rod journal of the drilled inclined oil hole 41 so as to ensure good processing precision, and the coaxiality of the center of the drill jig sleeve 7 and the center of the drilling main shaft 33 is within 0.02 mm.

The lubrication and cooling of the cutter adopt an MQL oil mist cooling and lubricating system, the lubricant is basically completely used up in the machining process, and the circulation treatment is not required. The air flow (called as oil mist) with oil mist particles provides lubrication for friction points between a cutter and chips in a cutting groove, the MQL oil mist cooling and lubricating system only needs minimum lubricant to ensure effective lubrication of metal cutting, a traditional cutting fluid system pipeline can be used, oil mist agent is sent to a machined surface to be machined through a main shaft of the machine and a cold hole in the cutter, the service life of the cutter is greatly prolonged, the machining efficiency of the machine tool is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the machine tool has a good environment-friendly effect and is more humanized. The cooling liquid adopts MQL special cutting oil with the mark of oel10-Lubrioil, and the consumption per working hour is 5-15 ml.

The equipment has perfect protector, and its front adopts the automatic guard gate of pneumatic control system 44 control, and the lathe side adopts manual sliding door, easy maintenance, and sealing performance is good, installs the light in the protection casing, externally mounted three-colour alarm lamp 38.

The equipment adopts a low-pressure variable pump, the power of a motor is 2.2kw, No. 20 antiwear hydraulic oil is used, and the highest pressure is 4 MPa. A pressure gauge is arranged on each necessary actuating element, such as a rotary disc locking cylinder and the like, so that the pressure condition of each actuating element during working can be observed, and the pressure can be properly adjusted according to different requirements.

Claims

1. A special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes for crankshafts, characterized in that: the equipment consists of a bed (46), a traverse worktable (39), a drilling power head (58), a turntable worktable ( 40), an indexing indexing fixture (56), a crankshaft axial positioning fixture, a crankshaft radial positioning fixture, an electrical control system (42), a hydraulic control system (43), and a pneumatic control system (44) to realize the crankshaft (6). ) straight oil hole or inclined oil hole drilling.

2. The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or inclined oil holes for crankshafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: the traverse table (39) is located on the side of the bed (46) close to the operator, The two T-shaped grooves (9) at the bottom of the moving table (39) are placed on the rolling linear guides at the bottom of the bed (46). The stopper (8) that controls the movement end position of the traverse table (39) can slide on the rolling linear guide rail on the bed (46). The position of the stopper (8) is pre-adjusted according to the size of the crankshaft (6), and then the screw is used. Lock the stopper (8) on the rolling linear guide at the bottom of the bed (46); the dovetail-shaped displacement guide (2) is installed above the traverse table (39), and the angular positioning device (55), divider The degree indexing fixture (56), the V-shaped bracket (3), the support frame (4) and the tailstock (5) are placed above the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail (2).

3. The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes for a crankshaft according to claim 1, wherein the M2 and M6 main journals at both ends of the crankshaft (6) are supported on the V-shaped brackets of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture On the frame (3), the top end (10) of the tailstock (5) of the crankshaft axial positioning fixture is against the center hole (11) of the big end of the crankshaft (6), and the thrust surface (12) of the small end journal of the crankshaft (6). ) against the end face of the chuck jaw (13) to achieve the axial positioning of the crankshaft (6); the V-shaped block (64) of the V-shaped bracket (3) and the base three (63) pass through the oblong hole and the bolt Connection, the bottom of the base three (63) is slidingly connected with the dovetail displacement guide rail (2).

4. The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes for a crankshaft according to claim 1, wherein the angular positioning oil cylinder (15) of the angular positioning device (55) of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture is fixed On the base one (17), the angular positioning device (55) is placed between the operator and the crankshaft (6), and the vertical distance from the axis of the crankshaft (6) is the first connecting rod journal P1 (14) of the crankshaft (6). ) can be placed on the surface of the positioning rod (16) in a horizontal direction; the adjusting screw (20) and the piston rod one (22) of the angular positioning oil cylinder (15) are locked by the nut (23), and the positioning rod (16) Install the set screw (21) on the upper end of the adjusting screw (20), the base 1 (17) is locked on the dovetail displacement guide rail (2) of the traverse table (39) through the trapezoidal locking block 1 (18). On the upper side, the infrared sensor (62) is fixed on the cylinder barrel of the angular positioning oil cylinder (15) through the connecting steel plate. The vertical direction of the connecting steel plate is provided with an oblong hole. The oblong hole moves.

5. The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes for crankshafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second base (53) of the support frame (4) of the crankshaft radial positioning fixture passes through a trapezoidal locking block The second (54) is locked on the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail (2) of the traverse table (39), the cylinder (52) is fixed on the second base (53), and one end of the positioning seat (50) is connected to the cylinder (52) The inner piston rod two (51) is connected, the cushion block (49) is fixed on the other end of the positioning seat (50), and the outer side of the cushion block (49) is a V-shaped structure; the piston rod two (51) in the cylinder (52) Extend, drive the positioning seat (50) and the spacer (49) against the intermediate shaft diameter of the crankshaft (6). At this time, straight oil holes or slanted oil holes can be drilled on the crankshaft (6); the cylinder (52) The second piston rod (51) in ) retracts, so that the positioning seat (50) and the spacer (49) are separated from the intermediate shaft diameter of the crankshaft (6), and the crankshaft (6) can be up and down at this time.

6. The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes in a crankshaft according to claim 1, wherein the servo motor one (24) of the indexing and indexing fixture (56) is synchronized with the worm gear reducer through a worm gear reducer. The toothed belt (25) is connected, and the first servo motor (24) drives the main shaft (26) of the indexing and indexing fixture (56) and the workpiece to rotate and index through the belt drive, so as to realize the drilling of oil holes with different phase angles on the crankshaft (6). The clamping cylinder (27) is fixed on the base of the indexing and indexing fixture (56), and the base of the indexing and indexing fixture (56) passes through the dovetail-shaped displacement guide rail (2) of the traverse table (39). Bolted, the two clamping cylinders (27) clamp the open thin-walled sleeve (29) to elastically deform through the pressure block (28) connected to it, and lock the sleeve (30) fixed on the main shaft (26) ;The surfaces of the chuck jaws (13) at the front end of the main shaft (26) are marked with marks corresponding to different crankshafts (6).

7 . The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes for a crankshaft according to claim 1 , wherein the turntable table ( 40 ) is fixed on a horizontal moving slide table on a horizontal moving guide rail ( 59 ). 8 . On (60), driven by a servo motor, the turntable table (40) can move along the horizontal direction of the sliding table (60) along the horizontal direction of the guide rail (59) to achieve different axial positions of the crankshaft (6) Oil hole (41) ), the horizontal moving guide rail (59) is fixed on the bed (46); the turntable table (40) is manually driven, and the gear shaft of the first gear (31) is fixed on the horizontal moving slide table (60) , use a wrench to turn the square head on the upper end of gear one (31), drive gear one (31) to rotate, and through gear one (31) mesh with gear two (32) on the turntable table (40), drive the turntable table ( 40) Rotate to realize the drilling of the inclined oil hole of the crankshaft (6). When the turntable table (40) is rotated to the required angular position, it is locked with the round nut (57); The guide grooves (61) on the turntable worktable (40) are slidably matched, and the positioning block (48) is fixed on the liftable guide rail seat (45) to provide a T-shaped slide for positioning and guiding the liftable guide rail seat (45). The block (47) is installed between the guide groove (61) and the liftable guide rail seat (45), tighten the adjusting screw (19), and the positioning block (48) connected to the liftable guide rail seat (45) drives the liftable guide rail seat (45). (45) Move up, loosen the adjusting screw (19), and the liftable guide rail seat (45) moves downward to drive the drilling power head (58) on the liftable guide rail seat (45) to move up and down.

8. The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes in a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drilling power head (58) is placed on the liftable guide rail seat (45), and the drilling power head (58) Including a slide plate (34), a drilling spindle (33), and a drilling die sleeve (7); the slide plate (34) adopts a linear guide, which is driven by the second servo motor (35) and is used for drilling the oil hole (41). The drilling spindle (33) adopts variable frequency high-speed precision spindle, the front end of the drilling spindle (33) is equipped with a spring tool holder (36), and the oil mist sprayed from the lubrication system passes through the cooling medium in the twist drill (37). The hole is sprayed out to lubricate and cool the processing part. The shape of the end of the drilling die sleeve (7) is consistent with the surface of the outer circle of the main journal of the straight oil hole drilled, or the connecting rod journal of the inclined oil hole (41) drilled. The surfaces of the outer circles match.

9. The special equipment for drilling straight oil holes or drilling inclined oil holes in a crankshaft according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the lubrication and cooling of the tool adopts MQL oil mist cooling and lubrication system, and the lubricant is all used up in the processing process , does not require loop processing.