CN111054168A - Device and method for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particles - Google Patents
Device and method for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN111054168A CN111054168A CN201911285330.9A CN201911285330A CN111054168A CN 111054168 A CN111054168 A CN 111054168A CN 201911285330 A CN201911285330 A CN 201911285330A CN 111054168 A CN111054168 A CN 111054168A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
- B01D51/02—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
- B01D51/02—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation
- B01D51/06—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour
- B01D51/08—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour by sound or ultrasonics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particles, which adopt a box body structure with the same cross section structure and size, and a main channel adopts a series arrangement mode of coincidence of flow channel central lines, and the device and the method are combined with gravity settling and inertia separation effects by the modes of negative direct current pre-dust removal, pulse charge coagulation and direct current bipolar coagulation and negative direct current dust removal, strengthen the collision coagulation effect of the fine particles through various electrocoagulation modes, and gradually realize the efficient removal of the particles with large and small particle sizes in different areas; through the parallel connection mode of pulse charge coagulation and direct current bipolar coagulation, the partition electric coagulation of particles with different particle sizes is realized by utilizing the inertia effect, and meanwhile, the trapping and removing effects of fine particles are enhanced through the dust removing and collecting effect of the movable electrode plate. The invention effectively combines electrostatic dust collection, pulse electric coagulation, direct current bipolar coagulation and inertia separation, and adopts stage-by-stage fractional coagulation and removal, so that the application range of the particulate matters is wide, and the removal efficiency of the fine particulate matters is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas dust removal, in particular to a device and a method for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particles.
Background
China is a country using coal as a main energy source, coal combustion provides heat source and power for people and brings serious particulate pollution, coal-fired boiler emission occupies a large part of the sources of fine particulate matters, and particularly, small and medium-sized industrial boilers and industrial kilns widely used in various industries have serious pollution due to lack of corresponding environment-friendly control equipment. Aerosol particulate matter, in particular fine particulate matter PM2.5After being discharged into the air, the air can seriously affect the daily life and work of people and even threaten the life safety of people. Because the fine particles have small volume and light weight, the fine particles have long retention time in the atmosphere, long floating distance and wide influence range. And due to the unique extinction effect, the visibility of the environment can be seriously reduced, large-area dust-haze weather is caused, and the normal travel of people is influenced. In addition, the specific surface area of the fine particles is large, a large amount of toxic and harmful heavy metals can be enriched on the surface of the fine particles, the blocking capability of a human body to the fine particles is limited, so that the fine particles can enter respiratory tracts of the human body and be deposited in alveoli, and the heavy metals in the fine particles can enter blood of the human body, so that diseases in aspects of asthma, bronchus, cardiovascular diseases and the like are caused, and the health of the human body is harmed.
At present, most coal-fired power plant boilers in China mainly adopt an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to remove particulate matters in tail flue gas. The dust removal efficiency of the high-efficiency electrostatic dust collector can reach 99.9%, but for fine particles, especially particles with the particle size of 0.1 micron to 1.0 micron, about 15% of the fine particles still escape to the atmosphere. Therefore, the aggregation of various particles is considered to be superimposed on the electrostatic dust collection mechanism, so that fine particles are firstly aggregated and grown into particles with larger particle size, and then the particles are collected through the electrostatic dust collection function. Agglomeration methods currently under investigation include: the method comprises the following steps of electric agglomeration, acoustic agglomeration, phase change agglomeration growth, chemical agglomeration and the like, wherein the action capacity of the electric agglomeration is strongest, but the traditional direct current corona electric agglomeration action or the electric agglomeration effect in a single discharge form is not obvious, and the removal effect of fine particles needs to be further improved.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel efficient fine particle removal device based on the multi-channel multi-discharge-form electric agglomeration synergistic effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a device for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particles with reasonable structural design and high removal efficiency, and provides a method for removing the fine particles.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a device for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particles is characterized by comprising an aerosol inlet, an air distribution plate, a pre-dust collection area, a transition settling area, an electric field charge coagulation area, a mixed coagulation area, a direct-current dust collection area and an aerosol outlet, wherein the aerosol inlet, the air distribution plate, the pre-dust collection area, the transition settling area, the electric field charge coagulation area, the mixed coagulation area, the direct-current dust collection area and the aerosol outlet are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet, the air distribution plate, the pre-dust collection area, the transition settling area, the electric field charge coagulation area, the mixed coagulation area, the direct-current dust collection area and the aerosol outlet are sequentially communicated; a negative direct-current high-voltage wire and a direct-current dust collecting plate are arranged in the pre-dust collecting area, and a pre-dust collecting area dust hopper is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collecting area; the bottom of the transitional settling zone is provided with a transitional settling zone ash bucket; the electric field charge coagulation area comprises a pulse charge coagulation area and a direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area, and the bottom of the electric field charge coagulation area is provided with an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket; a positive pulse high-voltage wire and a planar electrode plate are arranged in the pulse charge coagulation area, and a direct current dust collection plate and a positive direct current high-voltage wire are arranged in the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area; a mixed coagulation area ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the mixed coagulation area; the direct current dust collection area is internally provided with a negative direct current high-voltage wire and a movable electrode plate, and the bottom of the direct current dust collection area is provided with a direct current dust collection area dust hopper.
Preferably, the pre-dust-collecting area, the pulse charge coagulation area, the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust-collecting area and the direct-current dust-collecting area are of box body structures with the same cross section structure and size, and the pre-dust-collecting area, the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust-collecting area and the direct-current dust-collecting area are arranged in series with the center lines of the flow channels overlapped.
Preferably, the pulse charge coagulation area, the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area and the direct-current dust collection area are of equal-length box structures, and the number of internal electric fields of the pulse charge coagulation area, the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area and the direct-current dust collection area is preferably greater than that of the internal electric fields of the pre-dust collection area. In order to enhance the dust removing effect, the size of the direct current dust collecting area can be properly prolonged, and the number of electric fields is increased.
Preferably, the electric field charge condensation area adopts a parallel arrangement mode of two identical pulse charge condensation areas and one direct-current bipolar condensation dust collection area, one direct-current bipolar condensation dust collection area is located between the two identical pulse charge condensation areas, and the flow channel center lines of the pulse charge condensation areas and the direct-current bipolar condensation dust collection areas are located on the same horizontal layer.
Preferably, the negative direct current high-voltage wire, the positive direct current high-voltage wire and the positive pulse high-voltage wire are all made of stainless steel materials; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire and the positive direct-current high-voltage wire both adopt barbed wire electrodes, and barbs are radially distributed on the electrodes at equal intervals; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire is connected with an external negative direct-current high-voltage power supply, and the positive direct-current high-voltage wire is connected with an external positive direct-current high-voltage power supply; the positive pulse high-voltage wire adopts a smooth vertical wire electrode and is connected with an external high-voltage positive pulse power supply.
Preferably, the direct current dust collection plate, the movable electrode plate and the planar electrode plate are all made of stainless steel materials; c-shaped dust collecting electrode plates are preferably adopted by the direct current dust collecting plate and the movable electrode plate, and smooth plane electrode plates are adopted by the plane electrode plates.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides another technical solution: a method for removing fine particles by using a device for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particles comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the starting device comprises: the negative direct current high-voltage wire, the positive direct current high-voltage wire and the positive pulse high-voltage wire are respectively electrified;
the second step is that: aerosol particles enter the reactor through an aerosol inlet, then form aerosol with uniformly distributed velocity fields and concentration fields under the action of an air distribution plate, and then enter a pre-dust collection area;
the third step: aerosol pre-dust collection: applying negative direct current high voltage on a negative direct current high voltage wire, forming violent pointed corona discharge on a prickle tip of the wire, forming a stable electric field in a region between the wire and a direct current dust collecting plate, simultaneously storing a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons in a narrow corona region, carrying out heteropolar charging on particles in the corona region in two modes of electric field migration charging and free diffusion charging, and carrying out mutual collision and condensation on the charged particles through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona area, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the condensed particles move to the direct current dust collecting plate under the action of electric field migration, most of the particles with large particle sizes are collected on the direct current dust collecting plate, and the particles are flushed into an ash bucket of a pre-dust collecting area through the action of ash removal, so that the stability of an electric field is maintained;
the fourth step: the aerosol after pre-collecting dust enters a transition settling area, the flow velocity of the aerosol is reduced along with the gradual increase of the cross section of a flow channel, vortex turbulence is locally formed, the collision coagulation effect among particles is further enhanced, the coagulated large-particle-size particles enter an ash bucket of the transition settling area along with gravity settling under the low flow velocity state, the rest particles with larger particle size and part of particles with smaller particle size enter a direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area under the inertia effect, and the rest particles with smaller particle size enter a pulse charge coagulation area along with diffusion airflow in the transition settling area;
the fifth step: direct current bipolar coagulation and dust collection: the positive direct current high-voltage power is applied to the positive direct current high-voltage power line, sharp pointed corona discharge is formed on the prickle tip of the power line, a stable electric field is formed in the region between the positive direct current high-voltage power line and the direct current dust collection plate, and the action direction of the electric field force in the region is opposite to that of the pre-dust collection region, so that particulate matters which come out from the pre-dust collection region, pass through the transitional settling region and have partial negative charges can move towards the direction of the positive direct current high-voltage power line under the action of the electric field force, so that the particulate matters are charged again, and the collision and coagulation among the particulate matters are; in addition, a large number of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged with different polarities in an electric field migration charging mode and a free diffusion charging mode, and the charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion and coulomb effect; a large amount of positive ions exist outside the corona area, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the coagulated particles move to the direct current dust collecting plate under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle sizes are collected on the direct current dust collecting plate, and the particles are flushed into an ash bucket of an electric field charge coagulation area through the action of ash removal, so that the stability of an electric field is maintained;
and a sixth step: pulse charge coagulation: the positive pulse high-voltage wire generates streamer corona discharge after applying positive pulse high voltage electricity, a corona region can run through a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a large number of high-energy electrons and positive and negative ions exist in a streamer channel, the charge capacity of the electrons is stronger than that of the ions, the number of the positive ions is more than that of the negative ions, migration diffusion charge of the electrons and diffusion charge of the ions exist in the whole pulse period, so that particles with different sizes are charged with charges with different polarities, and the charged particles collide and coalesce through diffusion and coulomb interaction; the coagulated particles move towards the planar electrode plate under the action of electric field migration, most of the particles with large particle sizes are collected on the planar electrode plate, and the particles are flushed into an ash bucket of an electric field charge coagulation area through the ash removal action, so that the stability of the electric field is maintained;
the seventh step: the particles with negative charges coming out of the pulse charge coagulation area and the particles with positive charges coming out of the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area enter a mixed coagulation area, the particles with different charge polarities on one side collide with each other through coulomb action and diffusion action and are coagulated to form large-particle-size particles, the cross section of a flow channel is gradually narrowed, aerosol coming out of the pulse charge coagulation area forms a whirling airflow, the collision coagulation action with the aerosol particles coming out of the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area is promoted, the coagulated large-particle-size particles settle along with gravity and enter an ash bucket of the mixed coagulation area, and the rest aerosol particles enter the direct current dust collection area;
eighth step: d, direct current dust collection: applying negative direct current high voltage on a negative direct current high voltage wire, forming violent pointed corona discharge on a prickle tip of the wire, forming a stable electric field in a region between the wire and a movable electrode plate, simultaneously storing a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons in a narrow corona region, carrying out heteropolar charging on particles in the corona region in two modes of electric field migration charging and free diffusion charging, and carrying out mutual collision and condensation on the charged particles through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona area, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the particle after the coagulation moves to the movable electrode plate under the action of electric field migration, and is collected on the movable electrode plate, and the particle is flushed into the dust hopper of the direct-current dust collection area through the movable dust removal effect of the electrode plate, so that the removal process of aerosol particles is completed, dust deposition cannot be formed on the surface of the movable electrode plate, the electric field is maintained stable, back corona and secondary dust raising are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the dust removal adopts a box body structure with the same cross section structure and size, and the main body channel adopts a series arrangement mode of overlapping the center lines of the flow channels, so that the smoothness of the flow field of the aerosol particle channel is kept, and dust accumulation and scaling in a local area are avoided;
2. the arrangement mode of pre-dedusting, then electrically coagulating and then dedusting is adopted, the effects of gravity settling and inertia separation are combined, the collision coagulation effect of fine particles is enhanced through various electric coagulation modes, and the efficient removal of the particles with large and small particle sizes is gradually realized in different areas;
3. pre-dedusting and transitional sedimentation are arranged before charge coagulation, so that pre-removal of large-particle-size particles is realized to the maximum extent, and the load of subsequent coagulation and dust collection is reduced;
4. through the action of inertial separation and pulse corona discharge, the heteropolarity charge effect of particles with different sizes and different particle sizes is enhanced through a large number of high-energy electrons and a large number of ions generated by the pulse corona discharge, the electrocoagulation of the particles with smaller particle sizes is greatly promoted, meanwhile, the electric field intensity is improved relative to direct current discharge, and the coagulation of charged particles is also promoted;
5. the negative direct current pre-collection dust and the positive direct current corona are arranged in series, so that the collision and coagulation effect of particles in an electric field area is enhanced through the change of the action direction of an electric field force, and the direct current bipolar charge coagulation effect is realized;
6. arranging the pulse corona discharge area and the positive direct current corona discharge area in parallel, converging particulate matters with different charge polarities, realizing the heteropolar coagulation effect of the particulate matters, and promoting the removal of the coagulated particulate matters by utilizing gravity settling;
7. the dust collecting plate is prevented from being deposited on the surface of the dust collecting plate by moving the electrode plate, the electric field is kept stable, back corona and secondary dust raising are avoided, and the dust collecting efficiency is improved;
8. the device for efficiently removing the multi-channel fine particles effectively combines electrostatic dust collection, pulse electric coagulation, direct-current bipolar coagulation and inertia separation, and removes the fine particles by adopting stage-by-stage fractional coagulation, so that the fine particles are agglomerated and grown into particles with larger particle size under the action of various actions such as electric field force, coulomb force, thermophoresis force, solid bridge force and the like, and finally, efficient removal is realized through an electrostatic dust removal technology, the particle application range is wide, the fine particle removal efficiency is high, and the stable operation time of a system is longer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises an aerosol inlet 1, an air distribution plate 2, a pre-dust collection area 3, a pre-dust collection area ash bucket 4, a transition settling area 5, a transition settling area ash bucket 6, an electric field charge coagulation area 7, an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket 8, a mixed coagulation area 9, a mixed coagulation area ash bucket 10, a direct current dust collection area 11, a direct current dust collection area ash bucket 12, an aerosol outlet 13, a negative direct current high-voltage wire 14, a direct current dust collection plate 15, a positive direct current high-voltage wire 16, a positive pulse high-voltage wire 17, a movable electrode plate 18, a planar electrode plate 19, a pulse charge coagulation area 20 and a direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area 21.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment provides a device for efficiently removing fine particulate matters in multiple channels, which includes an aerosol inlet 1, an air distribution plate 2, a pre-dust collection area 3, a transition settling area 5, an electric field charge coagulation area 7, a mixed coagulation area 9, a direct current dust collection area 11 and an aerosol outlet 13, wherein the aerosol inlet 1, the air distribution plate 2, the pre-dust collection area 3, the transition settling area 5, the electric field charge coagulation area 7, the mixed coagulation area 9, the direct current dust collection area 11 and the aerosol outlet 13 are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet 1, the air distribution plate 2, the pre-dust collection area 3, the transition settling area 5, the electric field charge coagulation area 7, the mixed coagulation area 9, the direct current dust collection area 11 and the aerosol outlet 13 are sequentially communicated.
In the embodiment, a negative direct current high-voltage wire 14 and a direct current dust collecting plate 15 are arranged in the pre-dust collecting area 3, and a dust hopper 4 of the pre-dust collecting area is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collecting area 3; the bottom of the transitional settling zone 5 is provided with a transitional settling zone ash bucket 6; the electric field electric charge coagulation area 7 comprises a pulse electric charge coagulation area 20 and a direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area 21, and the bottom of the electric field electric charge coagulation area 7 is provided with an electric field electric charge coagulation area ash bucket 8; a positive pulse high-voltage wire 17 and a planar electrode plate 19 are arranged in the pulse charge coagulation area 20, and a direct current dust collection plate 15 and a positive direct current high-voltage wire 16 are arranged in the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area 21; a mixed coagulation area ash bucket 10 is arranged at the bottom of the mixed coagulation area 9; a negative direct current high voltage wire 14 and a movable electrode plate 18 are arranged in the direct current dust collecting area 11, and a direct current dust collecting area dust hopper 12 is arranged at the bottom of the direct current dust collecting area 11.
In this embodiment, the pre-dust-collecting area 3, the pulse charge coagulation area 20, the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust-collecting area 21, and the direct-current dust-collecting area 11 adopt a box structure having the same cross-sectional structure and size, and the pre-dust-collecting area 3, the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust-collecting area 21, and the direct-current dust-collecting area 11 adopt a serial arrangement mode in which the center lines of the flow channels coincide.
In this embodiment, the pulse charge merging region 20, the dc bipolar merging dust collecting region 21, and the dc dust collecting region 11 are of equal-length box structures, and the number of internal electric fields is preferably greater than that of the electric fields in the pre-dust collecting region 3. To enhance the dust removing effect, the size of the dc dust collecting area 11 can be appropriately increased, and the number of electric fields can be increased.
In this embodiment, the electric field electric charge merging region 7 adopts a parallel arrangement mode of two identical pulse electric charge merging regions 20 and one direct-current bipolar merging dust collecting region 21, one direct-current bipolar merging dust collecting region 21 is located between the two identical pulse electric charge merging regions 20, and the flow channel center lines of the pulse electric charge merging regions 20 and the direct-current bipolar merging dust collecting region 21 are located on the same horizontal layer.
In this embodiment, the negative dc high-voltage wire 14, the positive dc high-voltage wire 16, and the positive pulse high-voltage wire 17 are made of stainless steel; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire 14 and the positive direct-current high-voltage wire 16 both adopt barbed wire electrodes, and barbs are radially distributed on the electrodes at equal intervals; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire 14 is connected with an external negative direct-current high-voltage power supply, and the positive direct-current high-voltage wire 16 is connected with an external positive direct-current high-voltage power supply; the positive pulse high-voltage wire 17 adopts a smooth vertical wire electrode and is connected with an external high-voltage positive pulse power supply.
In this embodiment, the direct current dust collecting plate 15, the movable electrode plate 18 and the planar electrode plate 19 are made of stainless steel; the direct current dust collecting plate 15 and the movable electrode plate 18 are preferably C-type dust collecting electrode plates, and the planar electrode plate 19 is a smooth planar electrode plate.
In this embodiment, the method for removing fine particulate matters by using the device for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particulate matters includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the starting device comprises: the negative direct current high-voltage wire 14, the positive direct current high-voltage wire 16 and the positive pulse high-voltage wire 17 are electrified respectively;
the second step is that: aerosol particles enter a reactor through an aerosol inlet 1, then form aerosol with uniformly distributed velocity fields and concentration fields under the action of an air distribution plate 2, and then enter a pre-dust collection area 3;
the third step: aerosol pre-dust collection: applying negative direct current high voltage on a negative direct current high voltage wire 14, forming violent pointed corona discharge on a prickle tip of the wire, forming a stable electric field in a region between the wire and a direct current dust collecting plate 15, simultaneously existing a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons in a narrow corona region, enabling particles in the corona region to be charged with different polarities in two modes of electric field migration charging and free diffusion charging, and enabling the charged particles to mutually collide and coalesce through diffusion and coulomb effect; outside the corona area, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the coagulated particles move towards the direct current dust collecting plate 15 under the action of electric field migration, most of the particles with large particle sizes are collected on the direct current dust collecting plate 15, and the particles are flushed into the dust hopper 4 of the pre-dust collecting area through the action of dust removal, so that the stability of an electric field is maintained;
the fourth step: the aerosol after pre-collecting dust enters a transition settling zone 5, the flow velocity of the aerosol is reduced along with the gradual increase of the cross section of a flow channel, vortex turbulence is locally formed, the collision coagulation effect among particles is further enhanced, the coagulated large-particle-size particles enter an ash hopper 6 of the transition settling zone along with gravity settling under the low flow velocity state, the rest particles with larger particle size and part of particles with smaller particle size enter a direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collecting zone 21 under the inertia effect, and the rest particles with smaller particle size enter a pulse charge coagulation zone 20 along with diffusion airflow in the transition settling zone 5;
the fifth step: direct current bipolar coagulation and dust collection: the positive direct current high voltage is applied to the positive direct current high voltage electric wire 16, sharp pointed corona discharge is formed on the prickle tip of the electric wire, a stable electric field is formed in the area between the electric wire and the direct current dust collecting plate 15, and the action direction of the electric field force in the area is opposite to that of the pre-dust collecting area 3, so that the particulate matters which are discharged from the pre-dust collecting area 3, pass through the transition settling area 5 and have partial negative charges are subjected to the action of the electric field force and can move towards the direction of the positive direct current high voltage electric wire 16, the charge is carried out again, and the collision and coagulation among the particulate matters are promoted; in addition, a large number of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged with different polarities in an electric field migration charging mode and a free diffusion charging mode, and the charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion and coulomb effect; a large amount of positive ions exist outside the corona area, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the coagulated particles move towards the direct current dust collecting plate 15 under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle sizes are collected on the direct current dust collecting plate 15, and the particles are flushed into an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket 8 through the action of ash removal, so that the stability of an electric field is maintained;
and a sixth step: pulse charge coagulation: the positive pulse high-voltage wire 17 generates streamer corona discharge after applying positive pulse high voltage electricity, a corona region can run through positive and negative electrodes, a large number of high-energy electrons and positive and negative ions exist in a streamer channel, the charge capacity of the electrons is stronger than that of the ions, the number of the positive ions is more than that of the negative ions, migration diffusion charge of the electrons and diffusion charge of the ions exist in the whole pulse period, so that particles with different sizes are charged with charges with different polarities, and the charged particles collide and coalesce through diffusion and coulomb interaction; the coagulated particles move towards the planar electrode plate 19 under the action of electric field migration, most of the particles with large particle size are collected on the planar electrode plate 19, and the particles are flushed into an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket 8 through the action of ash removal, so that the stability of the electric field is maintained;
the seventh step: the particles with negative charges from the pulse charge coagulation area 20 and the particles with positive charges from the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area 21 enter the mixed coagulation area 9, the particles with different charge polarities on one hand collide with each other through coulomb effect and diffusion effect to be coagulated into particles with large particle size, on the other hand, the cross section of a flow channel is gradually narrowed, aerosol from the pulse charge coagulation area 20 forms a circular air flow, the collision coagulation effect with the aerosol particles from the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area 21 is promoted, the coagulated particles with large particle size settle along with gravity and enter the mixed coagulation area ash bucket 10, and the rest aerosol particles enter the direct current dust collection area 11;
eighth step: d, direct current dust collection: applying negative direct current high voltage on a negative direct current high voltage wire 14, forming violent pointed corona discharge on a prickle tip of the wire, forming a stable electric field in a region between the wire and a movable electrode plate 18, simultaneously existing a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons in a narrow corona region, enabling particles in the corona region to be charged with different polarities in two modes of electric field migration charging and free diffusion charging, and enabling the charged particles to mutually collide and coalesce through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona area, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the particle after the coagulation moves to the movable electrode plate 18 under the action of electric field migration, the particle is collected on the movable electrode plate 18, and the particle is flushed into the dust hopper 12 of the direct current dust collection area through the movable dust removal action of the electrode plate, so that the removal process of aerosol particle is completed, dust deposition cannot be formed on the surface of the movable electrode plate 18, the electric field is maintained stable, back corona and secondary dust raising are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved.
Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A device for efficiently removing multi-channel fine particles is characterized by comprising an aerosol inlet (1), an air distribution plate (2), a pre-dust-collecting area (3), a transition settling area (5), an electric field charge coagulation area (7), a mixed coagulation area (9), a direct-current dust-collecting area (11) and an aerosol outlet (13), wherein the aerosol inlet (1), the air distribution plate (2), the pre-dust-collecting area (3), the transition settling area (5), the electric field charge coagulation area (7), the mixed coagulation area (9), the direct-current dust-collecting area (11) and the aerosol outlet (13) are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet (1), the air distribution plate (2), the pre-dust-collecting area (3), the transition settling area (5), the electric field charge coagulation area (7), the mixed coagulation area (9), the direct-current dust-collecting area (11) and the aerosol outlet (13) are sequentially communicated; a negative direct-current high-voltage wire (14) and a direct-current dust collecting plate (15) are arranged in the pre-dust collecting area (3), and a pre-dust collecting area ash hopper (4) is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collecting area (3); the bottom of the transitional settling zone (5) is provided with a transitional settling zone ash bucket (6); the electric field charge coagulation area (7) comprises a pulse charge coagulation area (20) and a direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (21), and the bottom of the electric field charge coagulation area (7) is provided with an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket (8); a positive pulse high-voltage wire (17) and a planar electrode plate (19) are arranged in the pulse charge coagulation area (20), and a direct current dust collection plate (15) and a positive direct current high-voltage wire (16) are arranged in the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (21); a mixed coagulation area ash bucket (10) is arranged at the bottom of the mixed coagulation area (9); a negative direct-current high-voltage wire (14) and a movable electrode plate (18) are arranged in the direct-current dust collection area (11), and a direct-current dust collection area dust hopper (12) is arranged at the bottom of the direct-current dust collection area (11).
2. The device for removing fine particulate matters in multiple channels with high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-dust-collecting region (3), the pulse charge coagulation region (20), the direct current bipolar coagulation dust-collecting region (21) and the direct current dust-collecting region (11) adopt box structures with the same cross-sectional structures and sizes, and the pre-dust-collecting region (3), the direct current bipolar coagulation dust-collecting region (21) and the direct current dust-collecting region (11) adopt a series arrangement mode that the center lines of flow channels are overlapped.
3. The device for removing fine particulate matters in multiple channels with high efficiency as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pulse charge coagulation area (20), the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (21) and the direct current dust collection area (11) are of equal-length box structures, and the number of internal electric fields of the pulse charge coagulation area is greater than that of the internal electric fields of the pre-dust collection area (3).
4. The device for removing fine particulate matters efficiently in multiple channels according to claim 1, wherein the electric field charge coagulation area (7) adopts a parallel arrangement mode of two identical pulse charge coagulation areas (20) and one direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (21), one direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (21) is located between the two identical pulse charge coagulation areas (20), and the flow channel center lines of the pulse charge coagulation areas (20) and the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (21) are located on the same horizontal layer.
5. The device for efficiently removing the fine particulate matters in the multi-channel manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the negative direct current high-voltage wire (14), the positive direct current high-voltage wire (16) and the positive pulse high-voltage wire (17) are made of stainless steel materials; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire (14) and the positive direct-current high-voltage wire (16) both adopt barbed wire electrodes, and barbs are radially distributed on the electrodes at equal intervals; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire (14) is connected with an external negative direct-current high-voltage power supply, and the positive direct-current high-voltage wire (16) is connected with an external positive direct-current high-voltage power supply; the positive pulse high-voltage wire (17) adopts a smooth vertical wire electrode and is connected with an external high-voltage positive pulse power supply.
6. The device for efficiently removing the fine particulate matters in multiple channels according to claim 1, wherein the direct current dust collecting plate (15), the movable electrode plate (18) and the planar electrode plate (19) are made of stainless steel materials; the direct current dust collecting plate (15) and the movable electrode plate (18) adopt C-shaped dust collecting electrode plates, and the plane electrode plate (19) adopts a smooth plane electrode plate.
7. A method for removing fine particles by using a multi-channel fine particle high-efficiency removing device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the starting device comprises: the negative direct current high-voltage wire (14), the positive direct current high-voltage wire (16) and the positive pulse high-voltage wire (17) are electrified respectively;
the second step is that: aerosol particles enter a reactor through an aerosol inlet (1), then form aerosol with uniformly distributed velocity fields and concentration fields under the action of an air distribution plate (2), and then enter a pre-dust collection area (3);
the third step: aerosol pre-dust collection: applying negative direct current high voltage on a negative direct current high voltage wire (14), forming violent pointed corona discharge on a prickle tip of the wire, forming a stable electric field in a region between the wire and a direct current dust collecting plate (15), simultaneously storing a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons in a narrow corona region, carrying out heteropolar charging on particles in the corona region in two modes of electric field migration charging and free diffusion charging, and mutually colliding and condensing the charged particles through diffusion and coulomb effect; outside the corona area, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the coagulated particles move towards the direct current dust collecting plate (15) under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle sizes are collected on the direct current dust collecting plate (15), and the particles are flushed into an ash hopper (4) of a pre-dust collecting area through the action of ash removal, so that the stability of an electric field is maintained;
the fourth step: the aerosol after pre-dust collection enters a transition settling zone (5), the flow velocity of the aerosol is reduced along with the gradual increase of the cross section of a flow channel, vortex turbulence is locally formed, the collision coagulation effect among particles is further enhanced, the coagulated large-particle-diameter particles enter an ash hopper (6) of the transition settling zone along with gravity settling in a low flow velocity state, the rest particles with larger particle diameters and part of particles with smaller particle diameters enter a direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone (21) under the inertia effect, and the rest particles with smaller particle diameters enter a pulse charge coagulation zone (20) along with diffusion airflow in the transition settling zone (5);
the fifth step: direct current bipolar coagulation and dust collection: the positive direct current high voltage is applied to a positive direct current high voltage wire (16), sharp pointed corona discharge is formed on the prickle tip of the wire, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the wire and the direct current dust collecting plate (15), and the action direction of the electric field force in the region is opposite to that of the pre-dust collecting region (3), so that particulate matters which come out from the pre-dust collecting region (3) and pass through the transition settling region (5) and still have partial negative charges are subjected to the action of the electric field force and can move towards the direction of the positive direct current high voltage wire (16) to be charged again, and meanwhile, collision and coagulation among the particulate matters are promoted; in addition, a large number of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged with different polarities in an electric field migration charging mode and a free diffusion charging mode, and the charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion and coulomb effect; a large amount of positive ions exist outside the corona area, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the coagulated particles move towards the direct current dust collecting plate (15) under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle sizes are collected on the direct current dust collecting plate (15), and the particles are flushed into an ash bucket (8) in an electric field charge coagulation area through the action of ash removal, so that the stability of an electric field is maintained;
and a sixth step: pulse charge coagulation: the positive pulse high-voltage wire (17) generates streamer corona discharge after applying positive pulse high voltage electricity, a corona region can penetrate through a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a large number of high-energy electrons and positive and negative ions exist in a streamer channel, the charge capacity of the electrons is stronger than that of the ions, the number of the positive ions is more than that of the negative ions, migration diffusion charge of the electrons and diffusion charge of the ions exist in the whole pulse period, particulate matters with different particle sizes are charged with charges with different polarities, and the charged particles are mutually collided and coalesced through diffusion and coulomb interaction; the coagulated particles move towards the plane electrode plate (19) under the action of electric field migration, most of the particles with large particle sizes are collected on the plane electrode plate (19), and the particles are flushed into an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket (8) through the action of ash removal, so that the stability of an electric field is maintained;
the seventh step: the particles with negative charges coming out of the pulse charge coagulation area (20) and the particles with positive charges coming out of the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (21) enter a mixed coagulation area (9), the particles with different charge polarities on one hand collide with each other through coulomb action and diffusion action to be coagulated into particles with large particle size, on the other hand, the cross section of a flow channel is gradually narrowed, aerosol coming out of the pulse charge coagulation area (20) forms a cyclone flow, the collision coagulation action with aerosol particles coming out of the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (21) is promoted, the coagulated particles with large particle size enter a mixed coagulation area ash bucket (10) along with gravity settling, and the rest aerosol particles enter a direct current dust collection area (11);
eighth step: d, direct current dust collection: applying negative direct current high voltage on a negative direct current high voltage wire (14), forming violent pointed corona discharge on a prickle point of the wire, forming a stable electric field in a region between the wire and a movable electrode plate (18), simultaneously storing a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons in a narrow corona region, carrying out heteropolar charging on particles in the corona region in two modes of electric field migration charging and free diffusion charging, and mutually colliding and condensing the charged particles through diffusion and coulomb effect; outside the corona area, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particulate matters are charged with the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion; the particle after the coagulation moves to the movable electrode plate (18) under the action of electric field migration, collects the particle to the movable electrode plate (18), rushes the particle into the dust hopper (12) of the direct current dust collection area through the movable dust removal action of the electrode plate, thereby completing the removal process of aerosol particles, avoiding the formation of dust deposition on the surface of the movable electrode plate (18), maintaining the stability of the electric field, avoiding back corona and secondary dust raising, and improving the dust collection efficiency.
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