CN111052920B - Automatic seedling feeding device of vegetable transplanting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable transplanting machinery, in particular to an automatic seedling feeding device of a vegetable transplanting machine. Comprises a frame (1), a horizontal transmission part (2) and a vertical transmission part (3), a seedling feeding arm (4), an axle box (43) and a sliding rail (47) which are arranged on the seedling feeding arm, a seedling feeding device (5), an electric cylinder (51) and a fixed plate (510) which are arranged on the seedling feeding device, a portal frame (6), an aluminum profile (61) and an L-shaped fixed piece (62) which are arranged on the portal frame; the automatic seedling feeding device of the vegetable transplanting machine can replace manual seedling feeding, save labor cost, improve the mechanization level of the transplanting machine and improve the operation efficiency.

Description

An automatic seedling feeding device for a vegetable transplanter

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable transplanting machinery, in particular to an automatic seedling feeding device for a vegetable transplanting machine.

Background technique

Transplanting is one of the important links in the production and cultivation of vegetables. At present, most vegetable transplanting machines mainly rely on manual feeding of seedlings from the hole trays to the seedling cups. Traditional manual feeding of seedlings is time-consuming, inefficient and labor-intensive. , The outdoor working environment is harsh, the labor cost is high, and the shortcomings of continuous production cannot be achieved. With the reduction of rural population in our country and the aggravation of population aging trend, there is a large shortage of agricultural labor force. Therefore, it is imminent to study an automatic seedling feeding device for vegetable transplanters to replace manual work, improve the level of automation, and liberate the labor force. Realizing the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy and improving the level of agricultural mechanization has become an urgent problem to be solved in my country's agricultural development.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an automatic seedling feeding device for a vegetable transplanter, which can take out seedlings from a 128-hole hole tray (length 540mm*width 280mm*height 43mm) and feed them into the seedling cup of the vegetable transplanter middle. The device has a stable structure and reliable performance. During the transplanting process, it can accurately grasp the seedlings from the hole tray and feed the seedling lumps into the seedling cup. Machines are used instead of labor to improve efficiency and save labor.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

An automatic seedling feeding device for a vegetable transplanter, comprising a frame 1, a horizontal transmission part 2 and a vertical transmission part 3, a seedling feeding arm 4 and an axle box 43 and a slide rail 47 thereon, a seedling feeding device 5 and a Electric cylinder 51 and fixed plate 510, gantry frame 6 and its

Aluminum profiles 61 and L-shaped fixing parts 62; the automatic seedling feeding device of the vegetable transplanter is integrally fixed on the frame 1, the horizontal transmission part 2 controls the forward and backward movement of the seedling feeding device, and the vertical transmission part 3 controls the movement of the seedling feeding device Ascent and descent, the seedling feeding arm 4 controls the dispersion and merging of the seedling feeding device 5, the electric cylinder 51 controls the opening and closing of the seedling feeding claw 52, and the seedling feeding arm 4 and the electric cylinder 51 are fixed on the aluminum profile gantry 6 to ensure the structure stability.

Both sides of the synchronous belt module in the horizontal transmission part 2 are fixed on the frame 1 by bolts through angle iron connectors to ensure the stability of the transmission. The bottom of the linear module in the vertical transmission part 3 is connected by bolts. Cooperate with the slide block on the horizontal transmission part 2, the rear part is fixed with aluminum profile, the aluminum profile 61 on the aluminum profile gantry 6 is connected with the slide block of the vertical transmission part 3 in the form of bolt connection, and the seedling feeding arm 4 passes through Axle box 43 is connected with the hole on the L-shaped fixing part 62 of gantry 6 using bolts, and the vertical surface of the L-shaped fixing part 62 is fixed on the outside of the aluminum profile 61 by bolts, and the seedling feeding part 5 is connected with the fixed plate 510. The slide rail 47 on the seedling feeding arm 4 links to each other, and the electric cylinder 51 is connected with the aluminum profile 61 on the aluminum profile gantry 6 by bolts.

Described seedling feeding arm 4 comprises: motor base 41, motor 42, axle box 43, right side motor 410, described motor 42 and right side motor 410 are fixed on the motor base 41 by bolt, and described motor base 41 is connected by bottom screw. The hole is connected with the threaded hole on the axle box 43 by bolts.

Described seedling feeding arm 4 also comprises: transmission shaft 44, belt pulley 45, synchronous belt 46, and described transmission shaft 44, belt pulley 45 are all placed in axle box 43, and described transmission shaft 44 is connected with motor 42 by coupling The transmission shaft is connected, the pulley 45 is fixed on the transmission shaft 44 by a set screw, and the synchronous belt 46 cooperates with the pulleys 45 on both sides.

The seedling feeding arm 4 also includes: a slide rail 47, an aluminum profile 48, a bearing pressing plate 49, and a bearing 410. The slide rail 47 is fixed on the aluminum profile 48 by a bolt through a screw hole, and the bearing pressing plate 49 is fixed on the aluminum profile 48 at the upper and lower ends, and are connected and fixed with the L-shaped fixture 62 in the gantry 6 through bolts. The outer side of the bearing 410 is placed in the bearing pressure plate 49 through excessive fit, and the inner side is connected to the transmission shaft. 44 fits.

The seedling feeding device 5 includes: an electric cylinder 51, a seedling feeding claw 52 and a fixing plate 510 thereon, the electric cylinder 51 is fixed on the aluminum profile 61 of the gantry 6 by bolts, and the seedling feeding claw 52 is fixed by The threaded hole on the plate 510 is connected with the slide rail 47 of the seedling feeding arm 4 by bolts.

The seedling feeding device 5 also includes: a seedling pushing rod 53, a seedling feeding claw telescopic rod 54, a slide rail 55, a fixed block 56 on the seedling feeding needle, and a bolt is passed between the slide rail 55 and the telescopic rod at the bottom of the electric cylinder 51. Connect, described seedling feeding claw telescopic rod 54 utilizes top screw hole to use bolt to cooperate with slide rail 55, described feeding seedling claw telescopic rod 54 bottom processes thread, inserts described seedling feeding needle upper fixing block 56 top center hole, two The ends are limited by nuts.

The seedling feeding device 5 also includes: a seedling feeding needle 57, a fixed block 58 under the seedling feeding needle, a spring 59, a roller chain 511, and a seedling pushing post 512, and the seedling feeding needle 57 is inserted into the upper fixing block 56 of the seedling feeding needle. In the groove, and fixed with bolts, the seedling-feeding needle lower fixed block 58 is fixed on the fixed plate 510 by bolts, and the seedling-feeding needle 57 is used for limiting in the groove of the seedling-feeding needle lower fixed block 58, and the The spring 59 is fixed in the ear hole of the seedling feeding needle 57, the two ends of the roller chain 511 are fixed in different fixing plates 510 by pin shafts, and the seedling pushing rod 53 is fixed under the seedling feeding needle by a medical countersunk bolt. In the threaded holes on both sides of the block 58;

Seedling feeding arm 4 whole is as gantry 6 with aluminum profile, and synchronous belt 46 is installed on both sides of aluminum profile, and two ends are fixed on

Synchronous pulley 45 transmissions on the transmission shaft 44, transmission shaft 44 cooperates with bearing up and down, guarantees to rotate smoothly, and the seedling feeding claw 52 in the seedling feeding device 5 is fixed on the slide block, and closely cooperates with timing belt by clamping plate.

The electric cylinder is fixed on the gantry, and the electric cylinder rod is connected to the slide rail on the aluminum profile through hinges; the top of the telescopic rod of the feeding claw is connected to the slider to realize vertical expansion and horizontal movement, and is fixed on the fixing part of the feeding claw through a linear bearing The top is to ensure smooth up and down expansion, the bottom end is connected to the fixed block of the feeding needle, the feeding needle and the fixed block are hinged, the two seedling needles are connected by a spring, and the feeding claws are driven by the designed fixed-angle feeding needle when the telescopic rod is working. Realize the opening and closing of feeding claws. The seedling pusher can push away the leaves that block the seedling lumps before the seedling feeding claws grab the seedlings. Its advantages are: first, use the electric cylinder as the telescopic power source, and will not be affected by the outdoor dust environment; second, improve the stability of the seedling claws for grasping and feeding seedlings, and improve the success rate; third, it is inside the seedling feeding needle The bearing guide is used to improve the friction problem during the working process of the seedling feeding needle; the fourth is to find out the angle with the highest success rate of claw seedlings through experiments by adjusting the angle of the seedling feeding needle to prolong the life of the seedling feeding claw; Push away the leaves that block the seedlings before the seedlings to improve the success rate of grasping seedlings and avoid damage to the leaves.

The opening and closing of the seedling claws in the seedling feeding device is realized by the cooperation between eight pairs of horizontally moving sliders and precision roller chains. In the horizontal direction, the closed-loop stepping motor drives the transmission shaft and the synchronous belt wheel to rotate, and drives the synchronous belt to move. The synchronous belt pressure plate can ensure the synchronous movement of the feeding claw and the synchronous belt, and the slider can ensure the smooth horizontal movement of the claw. The roller chain connected between the claw connecting plates can ensure the stability of the opening and closing distance between the connecting plates, and the limit sensor installed on the aluminum profile can control the starting and ending positions of the feeding claws, so as to ensure that the feeding claws can hold the seedlings accurately. Feed into the seedling cup.

Its working principle is:

Before starting the seedling feeding device, put the tray on the designated position of the frame; then the whole device resets, during this process, the horizontal transmission part retreats, the vertical transmission part rises, the seedling feeding claws merge, and move until the seedling feeding claws return until the top of the seedling throwing cup; press the start switch, the horizontal transmission part advances until the seedling feeding claw reaches the top of the first row of holes in the hole plate, during this process, the vertical transmission part descends to the place where the seedling feeding needle is 10mm from the top of the hole plate, push The seedling bar pushes away the leaves that cover the seedling lumps, and the electric cylinder rod extends out, driving the telescopic rod of the seedling feeding claws to stretch out, and the seedling feeding claws grab the seedling lumps; the vertical transmission part rises, and the seedling feeding claws grab the seedling lumps and leave the plug tray , the horizontal transmission part retreats until the seedling feeding claws reach the top of the seedling throwing cup. During this process, the synchronous belt drives the seedling feeding claws to disperse; finally, the electric cylinder push rod retracts, and the seedling feeding claws feed the seedlings into the seedling throwing cup; then repeat previous cycle.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The automatic seedling feeding device of the vegetable transplanting machine provided by the invention can replace manual seedling feeding, save labor costs, improve the mechanization level of the transplanting machine, and improve operating efficiency.

The leaves of the existing vegetables are relatively large, and growing in the hole tray will block the seedlings, and if they are directly grasped, the leaves will be damaged. The seedling pusher in this device can push the leaves away before the seedling claws grab the seedlings to protect the leaves. While improving the success rate of crawling.

Considering the different growth conditions of plug seedlings in different periods, and the different looseness of seedling lumps under different humidity conditions, the impact of factors such as the angle and speed of feeding claws into the soil on the grasping of seedling lumps is discussed, and then the mechanism of feeding claws is improved. Improve the success rate of grasping and feeding.

Description of drawings

In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the seedling feeding arm and the seedling feeding parts of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation part of the seedling feeding claw and the roller chain of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structure schematic diagram of feeding claw of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of roller chain of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the seedling feeding needle of the present invention.

Among Fig. 1 1. frame; 2. horizontal transmission part; 3. vertical transmission part; 4. seedling feeding arm; 5. seedling feeding part; 6. gantry;

Among Fig. 2, 41. left side motor seat; 411. right side motor seat; 42. motor; 43. axle box; 44. transmission shaft; 45. synchronous belt

Wheel; 46. Synchronous belt; 47. Slide rail; 48. Bearing pressure plate; 49. Bearing; 410. Right side motor; 51. Electric cylinder; 52. Feeding seedling claw; 55.

Slide rail; 510. Fixing plate; 61. Gantry aluminum profile; 62. L-shaped fixing piece;

Among Fig. 3, 53. pushes away seedling bar; 54. telescopic bar; 56. feeds seedling needle upper fixed block; 57. feeds seedling needle; 58. feeds seedling needle lower fixed block; 59. spring; 510. fixed plate; 512. pushes Seedling column; Among Fig. 4, 52. feed seedling claw; 511. roller chain.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1-3, the automatic seedling feeding device of the vegetable transplanter is integrally fixed on the frame 1, the horizontal transmission part 2 controls the forward and backward movement of the seedling feeding device, and the vertical transmission part 3 controls the rise and fall of the seedling feeding device. The seedling arm 4 controls the dispersion and merging of the seedling feeding device 5, and the electric cylinder 51 controls the opening and closing of the seedling claw 52, and the seedling feeding arm 4 and the electric cylinder 51 are all fixed on the aluminum profile gantry 6 to ensure the stability of the structure.

The working process is as follows: before the automatic seedling feeding device works, put the tray on the designated position on the frame 1 and fix it; Directly above the seedling throwing cup, the seedling feeding arm 4 controls the seedling feeding claw 52 to merge to one side, and the electric cylinder 51 controls the seedling feeding claw 52 to withdraw, and the reset ends. The seedling feeding device starts, and the vertical transmission part 3 descends to the place where the seedling feeding claw 52 is 15 mm from the top of the tray, and the horizontal transmission part 2 advances until the seedling feeding claw 52 reaches the top of the first row of holes in the tray. The seedling pusher bar 53 on the seedling claw 52 pushes away the blades that are covered on the seedling lump; then the electric cylinder 51 stretches out, drives the seedling feeding claw telescopic rod 54 to stretch out, and is fixed on the seedling feeding needle on the fixed block 56 on the seedling feeding needle. The needle 57 goes deep into the seedling lump under the cooperation with the lower fixed block 56 of the seedling-feeding needle through the change of the angle, and the spring 59 can limit the seedling-feeding needle 57 to fix the seedling lump; The seedling claw 52 grabs the seedling lump and leaves the hole tray; then the horizontal transmission part 2 retreats until the seedling feeding claw 52 reaches the top of the seedling throwing cup. During this process, the motor 42 on the motor seat 41 on the left side of the seedling feeding arm 4 drives The synchronous belt pulley 45 on the power transmission shaft 44 in the axle box 43 rotates, drives the synchronous belt 46 and feeds the seedling claw to separate, and the slide rail 47 on the seedling feeding arm 4 can guarantee that the seedling claw 52 moves smoothly, and the axle box 43 upper and lower bearing pressing plates Bearing 49 is inlaid in 48 to guarantee the smoothness of transmission shaft 44 rotations, and each seedling feeding claw 52 guarantees that the center distance is the same as the center distance of the seedling throwing cup through the fixed roller chain 511 at the bottom, and each seedling feeding claw 52 reaches the corresponding The seedling throwing cup is directly above; then the electric cylinder 51 drives the seedling feeding claw telescopic rod 54 to retract, the seedling feeding needle 57 retracts, and the seedlings are fed into the seedling throwing cup under the joint action of the seedling pushing column 512 and the seedling pushing rod 53 middle.

After one operation is completed, the advance distance of the horizontal transmission part 2 increases the length of a hole, and the operation is repeated for the second time. After completing the operation of one hole plate 16 times on one side, the motor 410 on the right side of the seedling feeding arm rotates, feeding Seedling claw 52 merges to the right side, grabs the right side seedling dish.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are only to help illustrate the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive in all detail, nor are the inventions limited to specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made based on the contents of this specification. This description selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principle and practical application of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. The invention is to be limited only by the claims, along with their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. A vegetable transplanter automatic seedling feeding device, is characterized in that, comprises frame (1), horizontal transmission part (2) and vertical transmission part (3), feeds seedling arm (4) and the axle on it Case (43) and the first slide rail (47), the seedling feeding device (5) and the electric cylinder (51) on it and the fixed plate (510), the gantry (6) and the first aluminum profile (61) on it ) and L-shaped fixing parts (62); the automatic seedling feeding device of the vegetable transplanter is integrally fixed on the frame (1), the horizontal transmission part (2) controls the forward and backward movement of the seedling feeding device, and the vertical transmission part (3) Control the rise and fall of the seedling feeding device, the seedling feeding arm (4) controls the dispersion and merging of the seedling feeding device (5), the electric cylinder (51) controls the opening and closing of the seedling feeding claw (52) of the seedling feeding device (5), and feeds The seedling arm (4) and the electric cylinder (51) are all fixed on the gantry (6) to ensure the stability of the structure; Described seedling feeding arm (4) comprises: motor seat (41), motor (42), axle box (43), right side motor (410), described motor (42) and right side motor (410) are fixed by bolts On the motor base (41), the motor base (41) is connected with the upper threaded hole of the axle box (43) by bolts through the bottom screw hole; Described seedling feeding arm (4) also comprises: transmission shaft (44), belt pulley (45), synchronous belt (46), described transmission shaft (44), belt pulley (45) are all placed in axle box (43) Inside, the transmission shaft (44) is connected with the transmission shaft of the motor (42) through a shaft coupling, the pulley (45) is fixed on the transmission shaft (44) by a set screw, and the synchronous belt ( 46) cooperate with both sides belt pulley (45); The seedling feeding arm (4) also includes: a first slide rail (47), a second aluminum profile (48), a bearing plate (49), and a bearing, and the first slide rail (47) is fixed by a bolt through a screw hole On the second aluminum profile (48), the bearing pressure plate (49) is fixed on the upper and lower ends of the second aluminum profile (48), and is connected to the L-shaped fixing part (62) in the gantry (6) through bolts Realize the connection and fixation of the three, the outer side of the bearing is placed in the bearing pressure plate (49) by excessive fit, and the inner side is matched with the transmission shaft (44); The seedling feeding device (5) comprises: an electric cylinder (51), a seedling feeding claw (52) and a fixing plate (510) thereon, and the electric cylinder (51) is fixed on the second gantry frame (6) by bolts. On an aluminum profile (61), the seedling feeding claw (52) is connected with the first slide rail (47) of the seedling feeding arm (4) through the threaded hole on the fixing plate (510) by bolts; The seedling feeding device (5) also includes: a seedling pushing rod (53), a seedling feeding claw telescopic rod (54), a second slide rail (55), a fixed block (56) on the seedling feeding needle, and the second slide The rail (55) is connected with the telescopic rod at the bottom of the electric cylinder (51) by bolts, and the telescopic rod (54) of the seedling feeding claw utilizes the screw hole at the top to cooperate with the second slide rail (55) using bolts. The thread is processed at the bottom of the claw telescopic rod (54), inserted into the center hole at the top of the fixed block (56) on the seedling feeding needle, and the two ends use nuts to limit the position; The seedling feeding device (5) also includes: a seedling feeding needle (57), a fixed block (58) under the seedling feeding needle, a spring (59), a roller chain (511), a seedling pushing post (512), the feeding The seedling needle (57) is inserted in the groove of the fixed block (56) on the seedling-feeding needle, and is fixed with bolts, and the fixed block (58) of the seedling-feeding needle is fixed on the fixing plate (510) by bolts, and the seedling-feeding needle Needle (57) is in order to limit in the fixed block (58) groove under feeding seedling needle, and described spring (59) is fixed in described seedling feeding needle (57) ear hole, and described roller chain (511) two The ends are fixed in different fixing plates (510) by pin shafts, and the seedling pusher bar (53) is fixed in threaded holes on both sides of the fixing block (58) under the seedling feeding needle by countersunk bolts, and the seedling pusher column ( 512) is mounted on the lower side of the fixing plate (510). 2. A kind of automatic seedling feeding device for vegetable transplanting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, both sides of the synchronous belt module in the horizontal transmission part (2) are connected by bolts through angle iron connectors Fixed on the frame (1) to ensure the stability of the transmission, the bottom of the linear module in the vertical transmission part (3) cooperates with the slider on the horizontal transmission part (2) through bolts, and the rear part is fixed with aluminum profiles , the first aluminum profile (61) on the gantry (6) is connected to the slider of the vertical transmission part (3) in a bolted manner, and the seedling feeding arm (4) is connected to the gantry (6) through the axle box (43) ) holes on the L-shaped fixture (62) are connected by bolts, the vertical surface of the L-shaped fixture (62) is fixed on the outside of the first aluminum profile (61) by bolts, and the seedling feeding device (5) passes The fixed plate (510) links to each other with the first slide rail (47) on the seedling feeding arm (4), and the electric cylinder (51) is connected with the first aluminum profile (61) on the gantry (6) by bolts.

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