CN111039584B - A kind of fine-grained tailings surface curing agent and application method - Google Patents
A kind of fine-grained tailings surface curing agent and application method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fine-grained tailing surface curing agent and an application method thereof, wherein the curing agent consists of four components, namely a sodium metasilicate solution, a sodium metaaluminate solution, a sodium carbonate solution and a calcium chloride solution; wherein the amount of the sodium metasilicate solution and the sodium metaaluminate solution is determined according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine tailings, and CO in the curing agent3 2‑And Ca2+The concentration is determined according to the using mode of the curing agent, and two application methods of the curing agent are provided. Under the induced calcification and hydration of metasilicate, metaaluminate and carbonate functional groups, the tailing particles generate geopolymer and calcium carbonate precipitates, the compressive strength of a formed solidified body can reach about 1000-3500Kpa, the grade of 'strong cemented soil or soft rock' can be reached in the classification of solidified samples, the cementation and the fixation of the tailing particles are realized, the surface layer particles cannot migrate along with wind power or rainwater runoff, and the leaching of heavy metals is inhibited.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, in particular to a fine grain tailing surface curing agent and an application method thereof, which are used for curing fine grain tailings on the surface of a metal tailing to inhibit migration of tailing particles.
Background
Mineral resources are considered as a material basis for national development and human survival, industrial waste tailings are generated in the development and utilization processes of the mineral resources, particularly, a large amount of tailings stored in open air can migrate with wind after being dried, a large amount of valuable metals are left in the tailings, so that a series of environmental problems can be caused over time, and certain threats are further caused to the health and safety of human beings. Tailings generated by non-ferrous metal beneficiation belong to dangerous wastes, particles are often fine, the particle size of more than 80% is below 100 mu m, fine particles on the surface of a tailing pond can diffuse to the surrounding environment along with the modes of rainwater runoff, wind erosion and the like, the surrounding water and soil environment is polluted, and potential environmental pollution risks are generated.
In the face of the huge obstacles brought by mine tailings to ecological environment and industrial sustainable health development, the research and development of a suitable and effective tailings treatment method has become a major problem which needs to be solved urgently by scholars and government departments at home and abroad. At present, methods mainly adopted for treating and disposing mine tailings include a chemical neutralization method, a physical isolation method, a microbial solidification method, ecological reclamation, resource utilization and the like. The physical isolation method is a method for covering the surface of mine tailings with materials such as water, crushed stone, sludge or wood chips and the like to isolate oxygen from internal substances, thereby controlling the generation of acidic wastewater, and also playing a role in inhibiting dust emission of the tailings. The microorganism solidification method is to utilize bacteria capable of inducing carbonate precipitation to form a protective film on the tailings or the surface of the tailings under certain living environment conditions so as to prevent oxygen, water, microorganisms and the like from contacting the tailings, thereby inhibiting the migration and transformation of heavy metals in the tailings. The chemical neutralization method is to utilize the neutralization reaction between added alkaline substances and mine tailings so as to control the generation of acid mine wastewater, mainly to prevent the acid wastewater generated in the tailings from causing harm to the surrounding environment and reduce the risk that human bodies are possibly harmed. Ecological reclamation is generally a method of covering the surface of a tailing pond with soil with a proper thickness and then planting plants to restore the ecological functions. Some researches also utilize tailings such as cement, kaolin and the like in proportion to prepare a solidified body to realize the fixation of heavy metals in the tailings, but the method has higher cost and large capacity-increasing ratio of the tailings.
The treatment method cannot effectively treat the pollution caused by the tailings, the solidification of the surface of the tailings by a physical isolation method is equivalent to covering the surface of the tailings pond, and the treatment has higher requirements on materials and higher cost due to the larger area of the tailings pond; the growth of the microorganism by the microorganism curing method has higher requirements on environmental conditions, and the curing and repairing period is longer; when the ecological reclamation technology is implemented, a layer of foreign soil needs to be covered on the surface of a tailing pond, and plants are required to have better tolerance to the site environment.
In summary, the current technology has certain limitations for inhibiting the migration of fine tailings. According to the invention, by means of chemically inducing mineralization and generating geopolymer, a solidified body with certain thickness and strength is formed on the surface of the tailing pond, so that the migration of fine-grained tailings on the surface of the tailing pond is effectively inhibited, the tailings are stored in the existing tailings, and the technology to be recycled is further developed and can be repeatedly utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and simultaneously solve the problems of wind power migration of fine tailings and harm to the surrounding environment caused by heavy metal migration possibly caused under the condition of rainfall runoff formation.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the fine tailings surface curing agent consists of four components, namely sodium metasilicate solution, sodium metaaluminate solution, sodium carbonate solution and calcium chloride solution; wherein the amount of the sodium metasilicate solution and the sodium metaaluminate solution is determined according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine tailings and the Si/Al molar ratio of the solidified body to be obtained, and after the curing agent is applied, the Si/Al molar ratio of the solidified body of the fine tailings is 1.98-3.12; CO in curing agent3 2-And Ca2+The concentration is determined according to the use mode of the curing agent, and the curing agent can be directly sprayed on the tail of the fine particlesThe surface of the ore or a part of the fine tailings is paved on the surface of the fine tailings after being mixed with the fine tailings, and if the curing agent is directly sprayed on the surface of the fine tailings, the corresponding CO is sprayed in one time3 2-And Ca2+The concentrations are about 0.29mol/L and 34mM respectively; if the curing agent and a part of the fine tailings are mixed and then paved on the surface of the fine tailings, CO in the curing agent3 2-And Ca2+The concentrations of (A) were 0.6mol/L and 48mM, respectively.
Further, after the curing agent is applied, the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine tailings is preferably 2.13.
A method for applying a fine tailings surface curing agent comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a certain volume of tailings with target curing thickness out of the surface area of the tailings to be cured, and mixing a sodium metasilicate solution, a sodium metaaluminate solution, a sodium carbonate solution and a calcium chloride solution according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine-grained tailings to be obtained to prepare a curing agent, wherein CO in the curing agent3 2-And Ca2+The concentration of the tailing is 0.6mol/L and 48mM respectively, and the mass volume ratio (g/ml) of the extracted tailing to the prepared curing agent is 10: 7-10 to obtain a tailing mixture after stirring; spreading the stirred tailing mixture on the surface of tailing particles and drying the mixture in air under a natural drying condition;
step two: and in the drying process, spraying sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration consistent with that of the prepared curing agent once every 5 days to wet the surface, repeatedly spraying twice, and naturally drying the cured body subjected to repeated spraying treatment in a natural drying environment to finish tailing curing.
A method for applying a fine tailings surface curing agent comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the mass of the fine tailings to be solidified according to the surface area of the tailings pond and the target solidification thickness to be obtained, preparing a mixed solution of a sodium metaaluminate solution, a sodium metasilicate solution and a sodium carbonate solution according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine tailings to be obtained, and then sequentially spraying the mixed solution and a calcium chloride solution on the fine tailings on the surface of the tailings pond, wherein each 100g of tailings is sprayed onceSpraying 60ml of mixed solution and 10ml of calcium chloride solution, and spraying CO in curing agent formed by four components in one time3 2-And Ca2+The concentration is 0.29mol/L and 34mM respectively, and the mixture is dried in air under the natural drying condition;
step two: and (5) curing for 5 days, repeating the step one, spraying for 3-5 times in this way, and naturally drying the cured body subjected to repeated spraying treatment in a natural drying environment to finish the tailing curing.
And further, performing unconfined compressive strength measurement and detection on a part of the solidified tailings after solidification, and spraying a curing agent on the surface of the tailings to enhance the solidification effect if the strength does not meet the requirement of the tailings on the solidified surface.
Furthermore, the method can act on the tailing particles on the surface of the tailing pond by applying an external force, so that the solidification effect of the surface of the tailing pond is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, sodium metasilicate, sodium metaaluminate, sodium carbonate and calcium chloride solution are mainly used for activating mineral components, and hardened fine-grained tailings are further solidified through hydration and calcification to form a hard and stable shell, the strength of a solidified body through the hydration and calcification can reach 1000-3500Kpa, the grade of 'strong cemented soil or soft rock' can be reached in the classification of a solidified sample, the cementation and fixation of tailings particles are realized, the fine-grained tailings on the surface of a tailings pond are effectively fixed, the mobility of the tailings is reduced, and the leaching of heavy metals is effectively inhibited.
(2) The invention has the advantages of short curing period, no addition of solid curing aids such as cement, kaolin, fly ash and the like, low curing cost, simple operation, only solution spraying and small tailing compatibilization ratio.
(3) The tailings are fully utilized to contain a large amount of alumina, silica, manganese oxide and certain amount of oxides such as calcium oxide, and the tailings are changed into active components through alkali activation, so that calcium carbonate precipitates and geopolymers are further induced to be generated, most of calcium carbonate is calcite crystals, and the aims of consolidating the tailings into a whole, incorporating heavy metals into crystal lattices, and encapsulating the heavy metals in a solidified body are achieved.
(4) The hydration reaction is continuously carried out along with the prolonging of time in a certain period, more hydrated calcium metaaluminate and calcium metasilicate geopolymer can be generated, and the curing effect is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of two application methods of the fine tailings surface curing agent.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the fine tailings surface curing agent provided by the invention comprises four components, namely a sodium metasilicate solution, a sodium metaaluminate solution, a sodium carbonate solution and a calcium chloride solution; wherein the amount of the sodium metasilicate solution and the sodium metaaluminate solution is determined according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine tailings and the Si/Al molar ratio of the solidified body to be obtained, and after the curing agent is applied, the Si/Al molar ratio of the solidified body of the fine tailings is 1.98-3.12, and the molar ratio is preferably 2.13; CO in curing agent3 2-And Ca2+The concentration is determined according to the using mode of the curing agent, the curing agent can be directly sprayed on the surface of the fine tailings, or the curing agent is mixed with a part of the fine tailings and then paved on the surface of the fine tailings, and if the curing agent is directly sprayed on the surface of the fine tailings, the corresponding CO is sprayed in one time3 2-And Ca2+The concentrations are about 0.29mol/L and 34mM respectively; if the curing agent and a part of the fine tailings are mixed and then paved on the surface of the fine tailings, CO in the curing agent3 2-And Ca2+The concentrations of (A) were 0.6mol/L and 48mM, respectively.
A method for applying a fine tailings surface curing agent comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a certain volume of tailings with target curing thickness out of the surface area of the tailings to be cured, and mixing a sodium metasilicate solution, a sodium metaaluminate solution, a sodium carbonate solution and a calcium chloride solution according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine-grained tailings to be obtained to prepare a curing agent, wherein CO in the curing agent3 2-And Ca2+Respectively at a concentration of 0.6mol/L and 48mM, and removing the tailingsAnd the prepared curing agent is mixed according to the mass volume ratio (g/ml) of 10: 7-10 to obtain a tailing mixture after stirring; spreading the stirred tailing mixture on the surface of tailing particles and drying the mixture in air under a natural drying condition;
step two: and in the drying process, spraying sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration consistent with that of the prepared curing agent once every 5 days to wet the surface, repeatedly spraying twice, and naturally drying the cured body subjected to repeated spraying treatment in a natural drying environment to finish tailing curing.
Another method for applying the fine tailings surface curing agent comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the mass of the fine tailings to be solidified according to the area of a tailing base table and the target solidification thickness to be obtained, preparing a mixed solution of a sodium metaaluminate solution, a sodium metasilicate solution and a sodium carbonate solution according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine tailings to be obtained, and then sequentially spraying the mixed solution and a calcium chloride solution on the fine tailings on the surface of the tailing base, wherein 60ml of the mixed solution and 10ml of the calcium chloride solution are sprayed once per 100g of the tailings, and CO in a solidifying agent formed by four components in single spraying3 2-And Ca2+The concentration is 0.29mol/L and 34mM respectively, and the mixture is dried in air under the natural drying condition;
step two: and (5) curing for 5 days, repeating the step one, spraying for 3-5 times in this way, and naturally drying the cured body subjected to repeated spraying treatment in a natural drying environment to finish the tailing curing.
In the application process of the curing agent, the curing agent can act on the tailing particles on the surface of a tailing pond by applying an external force, so that the compactness of the tailing particles on the surface is improved, the porosity is reduced, the cohesive force among the particles is increased, the strength of a cured body is improved, and the inhibiting effect on the migration of the tailing particles is improved.
After the curing agent is applied, the cured part of the tailing cured body is taken for unconfined compressive strength measurement and detection, and if the strength does not meet the requirement of the tailing on the cured surface, the curing agent is sprayed on the surface of the tailing to enhance the curing effect.
The solidification process mainly utilizes the strong basicity of sodium metasilicate and sodium metaaluminate to destroy the mineral structure in the tailings, promotes the mineral structure in the tailings to be rearranged, and induces and generates geopolymer metaaluminate/calcium silicate and similar metaaluminate/calcium silicate substances under the action of functional groups such as carbonate, metaaluminate, metasilicate and the like; meanwhile, calcium carbonate or calcium carbonate-like substances can grow, the calcium carbonate-like substances are mainly generated because heavy metal ions in tailings replace calcium ions in calcium carbonate, and the crystal form of carbonate is mainly calcite, and meanwhile, heavy metals are effectively prevented from leaching out. The generated geopolymer and carbonate can incorporate heavy metal ions into crystal lattices or wrap the heavy metals in a formed solidified body, so that particles on the surface of the tailings are bonded into a whole, the fixing capacity of the tailings particles is increased, and the migration of the tailings particles is inhibited. According to different implementation conditions, the compression strength of the solidified body formed on the surface can reach 3500KPa, and the existence of the surface solidified body can effectively inhibit the migration of the tailing particles under the action of wind power or runoff.
Example 1:
example 1 of the present invention is a surface curing method of gold tailings, comprising the following steps:
the solidified gold tailing particles are from a Nemon Baotoxin Dajin mine tailing pond, and the particle size of the tailings<The content of 100 mu m is 80 percent, the particle size of tailing particles is below 1mm, and the Si/Al molar ratio is 4.40; 1mol/L sodium metaaluminate solution, 1mol/L sodium metasilicate solution and 1mol/L sodium carbonate solution are used, and anhydrous calcium chloride solid is taken to prepare a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 240mM to form the curing agent. According to the area of a tailing base table and the target solidification thickness to be obtained, spraying mixed solution of 60ml of sodium metaaluminate solution, sodium metasilicate solution and sodium carbonate solution in total volume per 100g of tailings in one time, wherein the spraying amount combination of the mixed solution is respectively (first) 10ml of NaAlO2Solution +30ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution of 30ml NaAlO2Solution +10ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution of 20ml NaAlO2Solution +20ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution, each component of each curing agent composition solution is sprayed for 3 times and5 times, the interval time between two times of spraying is 5 days, CaCl is sprayed according to the proportion that 10ml of 240mM calcium chloride solution is sprayed to each 100g of tailings after each time of spraying the mixed solution2The solution, after spraying the solution, the tailings are air-dried under the natural drying condition, the compressive strength of the surface solidified body sprayed for 3 times and 5 times is respectively measured, and the ratio of three components of sodium metasilicate solution, sodium metaaluminate solution and sodium carbonate solution and the experimental results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, different solution ratios of the curing agent and different spraying times can affect the compressive strength of the final cured body of the surface layer of the gold mine tailing pond, especially the addition amount of 30ml NaAlO in the single curing agent ratio of the 3 rd group and the 4 th group2+10mlNa2SiO3+20mlNa2CO3The compressive strength values of the spraying times of 3 times and 5 times reach over 1000KPa, which is between 1000 and 3000KPa, the samples can be classified into 'strong cemented soil' according to the classification system of the solidified samples, the corresponding final Si/Al molar ratios are respectively 3.12 and 2.43, and the CO corresponding to the single spraying is respectively sprayed3 2-And Ca2+The content is respectively about 0.29mol/L and 34mM, the migration of the fine gold mine tailing particles under the action of wind power and rainwater runoff can be effectively inhibited, and simultaneously, the heavy metals are effectively prevented from leaching out.
Example 2:
example 2 of the present invention is a surface curing method of copper tailings, comprising the following steps:
the solidified copper tailing particles are from a mine tailing pond of the sanitary copper ore in Ningxia, the particle size of the tailings is below 1mm, and the Si/Al molar ratio is 6.66; 1mol/L sodium metaaluminate solution, 1mol/L sodium metasilicate solution and 1mol/L sodium carbonate solution are used, and anhydrous calcium chloride solid is taken to prepare a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 240mM to form the curing agent. According to the surface area of a tailing base table and the target solidification thickness to be obtained, spraying 60ml of mixed solution of sodium metaaluminate solution, sodium metasilicate solution and sodium carbonate solution once per 100g of tailings; mixing and dissolvingThe spraying amount of the liquid is 10ml of NaAlO2Solution +30ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution of 30ml NaAlO2Solution +10ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution of 20ml NaAlO2Solution +20ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3The solution is sprayed for 3 times and 5 times under each combination of the solutions, the interval time between the two spraying is 5 days, and after each spraying of the curing agent, 10ml of 240mM CaCl is sprayed per 100g of tailings2Spraying CaCl in proportion of the solution2The solution, after spraying the curing agent, the tailings are air-dried under the natural drying condition, the compressive strength of the surface curing body sprayed for 3 times and 5 times is respectively measured, and the ratio of three components of sodium metasilicate solution, sodium metaaluminate solution and sodium carbonate solution and the experimental results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the compressive strength of the final solidified body on the surface of the copper ore tailing base can be affected by different solution ratios and different spraying times of the solidifying agent, particularly, the compressive strength can reach more than 1500KPa and is between 1000KPa and 3000KPa when the addition amount of the single solidifying agent in the 4 th group is matched and the spraying times are 5 times, the solidifying agent can be classified into a 'strong cemented soil' type according to a solidification sample classification system, the corresponding Si/Al molar ratio is 2.97 at the moment, and the corresponding CO is sprayed once3 2-And Ca2+The content is about 0.29mol/L and 34mM respectively, the migration of copper ore tailing particles under the action of wind power and rainwater runoff can be effectively inhibited, and heavy metals are effectively prevented from leaching out.
Example 3:
example 3 of the present invention is a surface curing method of gold tailings, comprising the following steps:
the solidified gold tailings come from a Nemon Baotoxin Dajin mine tailing pond, and the particle size of the tailings<The content of 100 mu m is 80 percent, the particle diameters of the particles are all below 1mm, and the Si/Al molar ratio is 4.40; make it2mol/L sodium metaaluminate solution, 1mol/L sodium metasilicate solution and 2mol/L sodium carbonate solution are weighed, and anhydrous calcium chloride solid is taken to prepare calcium chloride solution with 480mM concentration to form the curing agent. According to the surface area of tailings to be solidified, taking a certain volume of tailings with target solidification thickness out of the surface of the tailings, adding 70ml of curing agent or 100ml of curing agent into every 100g of tailings, wherein the proportion of the added 70ml of curing agent is (1) 10ml of NaAlO2Solution +30ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution of 30ml NaAlO2Solution +10ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution of 20ml NaAlO2Solution +20ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3The solution, 10ml remained in each proportion is calcium chloride solution; the proportion of 100ml of curing agent is as follows: tetra 20ml NaAlO2Solution +40ml Na2SiO3Solution +30ml Na2CO3Solution, (. sup.40 ml) of NaAlO2Solution +20ml Na2SiO3Solution +30ml Na2CO3Solution of (30 ml) NaAlO2Solution +30ml Na2SiO3Solution +30ml Na2CO3The solution, the remaining 10ml in each proportion is calcium chloride solution, the curing agent in the proportion is added into the tailings, then the tailings are fully stirred in a container for 3 minutes to be uniform, further, the tailings which are uniformly stirred are spread on the surface of tailing particles, a small amount of sodium metaaluminate is sprayed every 5 days to wet the surface in the drying process, the spraying is continuously carried out twice, the drying is carried out under the natural drying condition, the compression strength under 6 experimental groups is respectively measured, and the proportion and the experimental results of the three components of the sodium metasilicate solution, the sodium metaaluminate solution and the sodium carbonate solution are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the curing agents with different proportions and different addition amounts both affect the compressive strength of the fine-grained tailings solidified body on the surface of the gold mine tailings pond, especially the compressive strength of the experimental group 5The compressive strength can reach 2000KPa, is between 1000 and 3000KPa, can be classified into 'strong cemented soil' according to a solidification sample classification system, the corresponding Si/Al molar ratio is 1.98, and the CO/Al molar ratio is 1.983 2-And Ca2+The content of the heavy metal is 0.6mol/L and 48mM respectively, so that the migration of tailing particles under the action of wind power and rainwater runoff can be effectively inhibited, and the leaching of heavy metals can be effectively prevented.
Example 4:
example 4 of the present invention is a surface curing method of copper tailings, comprising the following steps:
the solidified copper tailings are from surface layer particles of the tailings of the copper mine in Ningxia, the particle size of the tailings is below 1mm, and the Si/Al molar ratio is 6.66; 2mol/L sodium metaaluminate solution, 1mol/L sodium metasilicate solution and 2mol/L sodium carbonate solution are used, and anhydrous calcium chloride solid is weighed to prepare calcium chloride solution with 480mM concentration to form the curing agent. Taking a certain volume of tailings with target curing thickness out of the surface of the tailings pond according to the surface area of the tailings to be cured, and spraying 70ml of curing agent or 100ml of curing agent per 100g of tailings, wherein the proportion of 70ml of curing agent is as follows: 10ml NaAlO2Solution +30ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution of 30ml NaAlO2Solution +10ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3Solution of 20ml NaAlO2Solution +20ml Na2SiO3Solution +20ml Na2CO3The solution, 10ml remained in each proportion is calcium chloride solution; the proportion of 100ml of curing agent is as follows: tetra 20ml NaAlO2Solution +40ml Na2SiO3Solution +30ml Na2CO3Solution, (. sup.40 ml) of NaAlO2Solution +20ml Na2SiO3Solution +30ml Na2CO3Solution of (30 ml) NaAlO2Solution +30ml Na2SiO3Solution +30ml Na2CO3Adding the curing agent into the tailings, fully stirring the mixture in a container for 5 minutes to ensure that the mixture is uniform, and further spreading the uniformly stirred tailings on tailing particlesThe surface is sprayed with a small amount of sodium metaaluminate to wet the surface every 5 days in the drying process, the surface is continuously sprayed twice, the air drying is carried out under the natural drying condition, the compressive strength under 6 experimental groups is respectively measured, and the ratio of three components of sodium metaaluminate solution, sodium metaaluminate solution and sodium carbonate solution and the experimental results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the table above, the curing agents with different proportions and different addition amounts both affect the compressive strength of the fine tailings cured layer on the surface of the copper ore tailings pond, and particularly the compressive strength of the experimental group 5 can reach 3500KPa>3000KPa, classified into "soft rock" according to the classification system of the solidified sample, wherein the corresponding Si/Al molar ratio is 2.13, and CO is3 2-And Ca2+The content of the heavy metal is 0.6mol/L and 48mM respectively, so that the migration of tailing particles under the action of wind power and rainwater runoff can be effectively inhibited, and the leaching of heavy metals can be effectively prevented.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The fine-grained tailing surface curing agent is characterized by comprising four components, namely a sodium metasilicate solution, a sodium metaaluminate solution, a sodium carbonate solution and a calcium chloride solution; wherein the amount of the sodium metasilicate solution and the sodium metaaluminate solution is determined according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine tailings and the Si/Al molar ratio of the solidified body to be obtained, and after the curing agent is applied, the Si/Al molar ratio of the solidified body of the fine tailings is 1.98-3.12; CO in curing agent3 2-And Ca2+The concentration is determined according to the using mode of the curing agent, the curing agent can be directly sprayed on the surface of the fine tailings, or the curing agent can be mixed with a part of the fine tailings and then paved on the surface of the fine tailings, if the curing agent is directly sprayed on the surface of the fine tailingsSingle spraying of the corresponding CO3 2-And Ca2+The concentrations are about 0.29mol/L and 34mM respectively; if the curing agent and a part of the fine tailings are mixed and then paved on the surface of the fine tailings, CO in the curing agent3 2-And Ca2+The concentrations of (A) were 0.6mol/L and 48mM, respectively.
2. The fine tailings surface curing agent of claim 1, wherein the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine tailings after the curing agent is applied is 2.13.
3. The method for applying the fine tailings surface solidifying agent to the fine tailings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a certain volume of tailings with target curing thickness out of the surface area of the tailings to be cured, and mixing a sodium metasilicate solution, a sodium metaaluminate solution, a sodium carbonate solution and a calcium chloride solution according to the Si/Al molar ratio of the fine-grained tailings to be obtained to prepare a curing agent, wherein CO in the curing agent3 2-And Ca2+The concentration of the tailings is 0.6mol/L and 48mM respectively, and the ratio of the tailings to the prepared curing agent is 10 g: 7-10ml of the mixture is mixed to obtain a tailing mixture after stirring; spreading the stirred tailing mixture on the surface of tailing particles and drying the mixture in air under a natural drying condition;
step two: and in the drying process, spraying sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration consistent with that of the prepared curing agent once every 5 days to wet the surface, repeatedly spraying twice, and naturally drying the cured body subjected to repeated spraying treatment in a natural drying environment to finish tailing curing.
4. The method for applying the fine tailings surface solidifying agent to the fine tailings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the mass of the fine tailings to be solidified according to the surface area of the tailings pond and the target solidification thickness to be obtained, and preparing sodium metaaluminate solution, sodium metasilicate solution andthe mixed solution of sodium carbonate solution is sprayed on the fine-grained tailings on the surface of a tailing pond, and then the mixed solution and calcium chloride solution are sprayed on the fine-grained tailings on the surface of the tailing pond in sequence, wherein 60ml of mixed solution and 10ml of calcium chloride solution are sprayed on each 100g of tailings in a single time, and CO in curing agent formed by four components in the single spraying3 2-And Ca2+The concentration is 0.29mol/L and 34mM respectively, and the mixture is dried in air under the natural drying condition;
step two: and (5) curing for 5 days, repeating the step one, spraying for 3-5 times in this way, and naturally drying the cured body subjected to repeated spraying treatment in a natural drying environment to finish the tailing curing.
5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the solidified body of the solidified tailings of the solidified part after solidification is subjected to unconfined compressive strength measurement and detection, and if the strength does not meet the requirements of the tailings on the solidified surface, the solidification effect is enhanced by applying the solidifying agent on the surface of the tailings pond.
6. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the solidification effect on the surface of the tailings pond is improved by applying an external force to the tailings particles on the surface of the tailings pond.
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