CN111029762A - Millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication equipment - Google Patents
Millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种毫米波端射圆极化天线及无线通信设备，所述天线包括第一介质基板和基片集成波导，所述第一介质基板上设有辐射单元，第一介质基板的下层作为金属地板，且金属地板的中心位置开有缝隙；所述基片集成波导竖向设置，基片集成波导的上端与缝隙相连，与第一介质基板一起形成T形结构，基片集成波导的下端作为馈电入口。本发明的T形结构形成了3D的立体结构，具有结构紧凑、剖面低、成本低的优点，且馈电单元仅由基片集成波导构成，能够更容易与主板集成在一起，同时具有高阻抗带宽，带内轴比带宽，高增益，方向图稳定，圆极化方向性好等特点，可以应用在毫米波5G移动通信等无线通信设备中。
The invention discloses a millimeter-wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and a wireless communication device. The antenna includes a first dielectric substrate and a substrate integrated waveguide. Radiation units are arranged on the first dielectric substrate. The lower layer is used as a metal floor, and a gap is opened in the center of the metal floor; the substrate-integrated waveguide is arranged vertically, the upper end of the substrate-integrated waveguide is connected to the gap, and forms a T-shaped structure together with the first dielectric substrate, and the substrate-integrated waveguide is formed. The lower end is used as the feed inlet. The T-shaped structure of the present invention forms a 3D three-dimensional structure, and has the advantages of compact structure, low profile and low cost, and the feeding unit is only composed of a substrate integrated waveguide, which can be more easily integrated with the main board, and has high impedance at the same time. It has the characteristics of bandwidth, in-band axial ratio bandwidth, high gain, stable pattern, and good circular polarization directivity, which can be applied in wireless communication equipment such as millimeter wave 5G mobile communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an antenna, in particular to a millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication equipment, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication.
Background
Millimeter waves refer to electromagnetic waves with the wavelength of 1 mm to 10 mm (the frequency is 30GHz to 300GHz), and communication transmission by utilizing the millimeter waves has many advantages, wherein the most prominent advantage is that the frequency spectrum bandwidth is extremely wide, even if the problem of absorption of the atmosphere is considered, the bandwidth can be 5 times of the sum of the bandwidths of microwaves and the following wave bands, and the extremely wide bandwidth effectively relieves the problem of crowding of the frequency bands of the microwaves and the following wave bands. Meanwhile, as the wavelength of the millimeter wave is shorter, the possibility of realizing a small-sized antenna is brought, and the personal mobile communication device or the wearable device can be further driven to develop miniaturization. Meanwhile, the millimeter waves also have strong penetration capacity to sand dust and smoke, so that information can be transmitted more stably; the millimeter wave is greatly attenuated in water vapor and rainfall, so that the millimeter wave has better confidentiality in point-to-point communication application, and the beam of the millimeter wave is also narrower, thereby further preventing the possibility of intercepting transmitted information and improving the communication confidentiality. The patch antenna has the characteristics of simple structure, easiness in processing, stable directional diagram and the like, and is an important field of antenna research, but the traditional patch antenna has narrow impedance bandwidth (about 5 percent) and limits the application of the traditional patch antenna. The circularly polarized antenna has many advantages, it can effectively reduce the interference of cloud and rain, and the equipment equipped with the circularly polarized antenna can still normally receive information even if the posture of the equipment is severely jittered or rolled, and the circularly polarized antenna can also avoid the Faraday rotation effect. Under the condition reported in China at present, only a few millimeter wave circularly polarized antennas working in the frequency band range of 40GHz-50GHz are available, and most of the antennas have low bandwidth or complex structures.
According to investigation and understanding, the prior art that has been disclosed is as follows:
in the invention patent of ' a millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna ' disclosed by ' national intellectual property office of the people's republic of China ' by cheng hua chaff et al in 2018, a millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna is provided, which is formed by printing a microstrip feeder line, an impedance converter and a radiation patch on a single-layer dielectric substrate and arranging a special-shaped annular gap on a metal floor, and has a very compact structure and a low section. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna reaches 11.63% at the center frequency of 27.398GHz, but the axial ratio bandwidth in the impedance bandwidth is only 2.027GHz, and the maximum gain is 5.36 dBi.
In 2018, in an article entitled "Printed RGW circular polarized differential Feeding Antenna Array for 5G Communications" published by IEEE transport on Antenna AND pro pagation "by mohammed Mamdouh m.ali et al in 2019, a Circularly polarized Antenna Array using differential Feeding was proposed, AND a differential Feeding power divider used for the antennas in the Array achieves a stable 180 ° phase difference in a band by aperture coupling. While the antenna consists of a rectangular aperture with a circular polarizer surrounded by a differentially fed open-ended patch ring. The whole antenna is composed of three layers of dielectric substrates with the total thickness of 1.127mm, the low profile and the compact structure of the antenna are realized, the impedance bandwidth ratio reaches 15.6% when 30GHz is taken as the center frequency, but the axial ratio bandwidth in the band is only about 3 GHz. The antenna is composed of a radiation patch layer, a power divider layer and a matching layer, and the power divider layer and the matching layer of the feed part are formed, so that the structure is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, and provides a millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna, compared with a 2D planar structure formed by a single-layer dielectric substrate, the antenna has the advantages of compact structure, low section and low cost because a T-shaped structure forms a 3D three-dimensional structure, and a feed unit is only formed by a substrate integrated waveguide, can be more easily integrated with a mainboard, has the characteristics of high impedance bandwidth, in-band axial ratio bandwidth, high gain, stable directional diagram, good circularly polarization directivity and the like, and can be applied to wireless communication equipment such as millimeter wave 5G mobile communication and the like.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication device.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate and a substrate integrated waveguide, wherein a radiation unit is arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the lower layer of the first dielectric substrate is used as a metal floor, and a gap is formed in the center of the metal floor; the substrate integrated waveguide is vertically arranged, the upper end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the gap and forms a T-shaped structure together with the first dielectric substrate, and the lower end of the substrate integrated waveguide is used as a feed inlet.
Further, the radiation unit comprises a plurality of radiation patches and a plurality of metal probes, wherein the radiation patches correspond to the metal probes one by one;
the radiation patches are arranged on the upper layer of the first medium substrate, the metal probes are arranged in the first medium substrate, each metal probe is located below the corresponding radiation patch, the upper end of each metal probe is connected with the corresponding radiation patch, and the lower end of each metal probe is connected with the metal floor.
Furthermore, the number of the radiation patches and the number of the metal probes are four;
the two radiation patches form a first radiation patch group, and the corresponding two metal probes form a first metal probe group;
the other two radiation patches form a second radiation patch group, and the corresponding two metal probes form a second metal probe group;
the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group are distributed on two sides of a central axis of the upper layer of the medium substrate, and the first metal probe group and the second metal probe group are distributed on two sides of the gap.
Furthermore, the shape and the size of the radiation patch are the same, and the height and the diameter of the metal probe are the same.
Further, the radiation patch is a diamond-shaped radiation patch.
Furthermore, the gap is a strip-shaped rectangular gap.
Furthermore, the substrate integrated waveguide comprises a second dielectric substrate and two rows of metal columns, the two rows of metal columns are symmetrically arranged in the second dielectric substrate, the upper end of the second dielectric substrate is connected with the gap, and the lower end of the second dielectric substrate is used as a feed inlet.
Further, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate is consistent with the width of the gap.
Furthermore, the distance between the two rows of metal columns is consistent with the length of the gap.
The other purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a wireless communication device comprises the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the feed unit of the antenna is only composed of the substrate integrated waveguide, so that the antenna is greatly simplified, meanwhile, the feed unit is combined with the dielectric substrate of the radiation unit to form a T-shaped structure, compared with a 2D plane structure formed by a single-layer dielectric substrate of most antennas, the T-shaped structure of the antenna forms a 3D three-dimensional structure, so that the antenna can be more easily integrated with a mainboard, compared with a patch antenna of an open feed mode of most traditional microstrip feed, a transmission signal of the antenna is isolated from the outside by the substrate integrated waveguide, the advantage of strong anti-interference capability of the substrate integrated waveguide is brought into play, the interference of other electromagnetic signals on the mainboard on the transmission signal when the antenna is integrated on the mainboard can be effectively reduced, and the transmission stability of the antenna signal is provided.
2. The radiating unit of the antenna can realize wider in-band (dB (| S11|) < -10dB) axial ratio bandwidth by only adopting a simple patch structure, covers 44.41GHz-49.66GHz and has 5.25GHz bandwidth. The gain of the antenna is also higher than that of many antennas of the same type, the lowest gain in the band (dB (| S11|) < -10dB and AR <3dB) is 7.79dBi, and the highest gain is 7.83 dBi.
3. Compared with most of the antennas of the same type, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is greatly improved, the-10 dB impedance bandwidth is 22.22% under the condition that the central frequency is 45GHz, 40GHz-50GHz is covered, the impedance bandwidth completely meets the application in the frequency band of 40GHz-50GHz, and the wide impedance bandwidth is realized.
4. The antenna is a millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna, has a stable directional diagram and better circularly polarized directivity, has axial ratio beam bandwidths of-34.11 degrees to 34.37 degrees and-39.84 degrees to 40.10 degrees under 45GHz and 47GHz respectively, is narrower than the axial ratio beam bandwidths of most circularly polarized antennas, and realizes the characteristic of good directivity of the end-fire antenna.
5. The invention can be processed and manufactured by using a standard Printed Circuit Board (PCB) process, has low cost, low section, compact structure and good end-fire performance, adopts a T-shaped structure and is easy to integrate with a mainboard.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective structural view of a millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded structural view of a first dielectric substrate in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view structural diagram of the first dielectric substrate in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a substrate integrated waveguide in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of an upper layer of a first dielectric substrate in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of a lower layer of a first dielectric substrate in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a plot of | S11| simulation results of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of an axial ratio simulation result of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of a gain simulation result of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an XOZ plane radiation pattern of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 45 GHz.
Fig. 11 is a YOZ plane radiation pattern of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 45 GHz.
Fig. 12 is an XOZ plane radiation pattern of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 47 GHz.
Fig. 13 is a YOZ plane radiation pattern of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment of the invention at 47 GHz.
Fig. 14 is an axial ratio contour diagram on the radiation surface at 45GHz of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 15 is an axial ratio contour diagram on the radiation surface of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment of the invention at 47 GHz.
Fig. 16 is a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The antenna comprises a substrate body, a radiating patch, a metal probe, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a metal column, a gap, a feed inlet, a radiating patch, a metal column, a feed inlet, a feed outlet, a feed inlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna, which includes a first dielectric substrate 1 and a substrate integrated waveguide, wherein a first metal layer 2 is disposed on an upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, the first metal layer 2 is an upper layer of the first dielectric substrate 1, a second metal layer 3 is disposed on a lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the second metal layer 3 is a lower layer of the first dielectric substrate 1; the substrate integrated waveguide is used as a feed unit and comprises a second dielectric substrate 4 and two rows of metal columns 5, the second dielectric substrate 4 is vertically arranged, a third metal layer 6 and a fourth metal layer 7 are respectively arranged on two sides of the second dielectric substrate 4, the two rows of metal columns 5 are symmetrically arranged in the second dielectric substrate 4, and two ends of the two rows of metal columns 5 are respectively connected with the third metal layer 6 and the fourth metal layer 7; the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 0.787mm, and the heights and diameters of all the metal pillars 5 in the two rows of metal pillars 5 are the same.
Further, the second metal layer 3 serves as a metal floor, a gap 8 is etched in the center of the metal floor, the gap 8 is preferably a strip-shaped rectangular gap, the upper end of the second dielectric substrate 4 is connected with the gap 8 and forms a T-shaped structure together with the first dielectric substrate 1, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 4 is consistent with the width of the gap 8, the distance between the two rows of metal columns 5 is consistent with the length of the gap 8, and when the upper end of the second dielectric substrate 4 is closely attached to the first dielectric substrate 1, the gap 8 is located between the two rows of metal columns 5; the lower end of the second dielectric substrate 4 is used as a feeding inlet 9, the feeding effect is realized sequentially through the feeding inlet 9, the two rows of metal columns 5 and the gap 8, the feeding unit is only formed by the substrate integrated waveguide, great simplification is achieved, and meanwhile, the feeding unit and the first dielectric substrate 1 are combined to form a T-shaped structure, so that the antenna can be integrated with a mainboard more easily.
Furthermore, four radiation patches 10 are printed on the first metal layer 2, four metal probes 11 are arranged in the first dielectric substrate 1, the four radiation patches 10 and the four metal probes 11 form a radiation unit, the metal probes 11 are used for transmitting energy to the radiation patches 10, the radiation patches 10 radiate the energy, the radiation patches 10 correspond to the metal probes 11 one by one, the four radiation patches 10 are arranged on the first metal layer 2, the four metal probes 11 are arranged in the first dielectric substrate 1, and each metal probe 11 is located at a proper position below the corresponding radiation patch 10; the upper end of each metal probe is connected with the corresponding radiation patch, and the lower end of each metal probe 11 is connected with the metal floor; the four radiation patches 10 are the same in shape and size, each radiation patch 10 is preferably a rhombic radiation patch formed by cutting corners of a rectangular patch, and the four metal probes 11 are the same in height and diameter.
Furthermore, four radiation patches 10 are obliquely arranged on the first metal layer 2, wherein two radiation patches 10 form a first radiation patch group, and two corresponding metal probes 11 form a first metal probe group; the other two radiation patches form a second radiation patch group, the two corresponding metal probes 11 form a second metal probe group, the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group are distributed on two sides of the central axis of the first metal layer 2, and the first metal probe group and the second metal probe group are distributed on two sides of the gap 8.
After the size parameters of each part of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna are adjusted, verification simulation is performed on the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna through calculation and electromagnetic field simulation.
As shown in FIG. 7, a curve of the simulation result of the | S11| parameter of the antenna in the frequency range of 40GHz-50GHz is shown, and it can be seen that in the frequency range of 40GHz-50GHz, the values of dB (| S11|) are all less than-10 dB, the impedance bandwidth is 10GHz, and the impedance bandwidth ratio is 22.22% with 45GHz as the center frequency.
As shown in fig. 8, a simulation result curve of the antenna axial ratio is given, and it can be seen that, in a frequency range of 44.41GHz to 49.66GHz, the axial ratio is less than 3dB, the requirement of forming circular polarization is met, the axial ratio bandwidth is 5.25GHz, and the value of dB (| S11|) in the axial ratio bandwidth is less than-10 dB.
As shown in fig. 9, which shows the curves of the gain simulation results of the antenna, it can be seen that the gain is greater than 7.38dBi in the frequency range of 40GHz-50 GHz. The minimum gain in the 5.25GHz bandwidth of dB (| S11|) < -10dB and AR <3dB is 7.79dBi, the maximum gain is 7.83dBi, and the in-band gain is stable.
Simulation results show that the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna has a wider circularly polarized bandwidth, higher gain, stable in-band gain and good performance, and can meet the requirements of millimeter wave circularly polarized communication.
The XOZ plane radiation pattern of the HFSS model simulated by the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of the present embodiment at 45GHz is shown in fig. 10, the YOZ plane radiation pattern at 45GHz is shown in fig. 11, the XOZ plane radiation pattern at 47GHz is shown in fig. 12, and the YOZ plane radiation pattern at 47GHz is shown in fig. 13; simulation results show that the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna has a stable directional diagram.
As shown in fig. 14, an axial ratio contour diagram on the radiation surface at 45GHz is given, and the radiation ranges indicated by the black areas in the diagram all meet the requirement of circular polarization, and it can be seen that the axial ratio beam bandwidth is-34.11 ° to 34.37 °; as shown in fig. 15, an axial ratio contour diagram on the radiation surface at the frequency of 47GHz is given, and the radiation ranges indicated by the black areas in the diagram all meet the requirement of circular polarization, and it can be seen that the axial ratio beam bandwidth is-39.84 ° to 40.10 °; simulation results show that the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna has the characteristics of narrower axial ratio wave beam bandwidth than most circularly polarized antennas and good directivity of the end-fire antenna.
As shown in fig. 16, the present embodiment further provides a wireless communication device, which may be a mobile device such as a mobile phone, and includes the above-mentioned millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna, the antenna is integrated on a main board of the device and placed on a side surface of the device, the T-shaped structure of the antenna utilizes a substrate integrated waveguide, so that the antenna can be more easily integrated in the main board, and meanwhile, the idle space at the side of the device can be effectively utilized to place a plurality of 5G antennas, and in combination with the end-fire circularly polarized performance thereof, 5G signals can be better radiated into the space, and signal attenuation caused by shielding of the antenna by holding of a hand and the like is reduced.
In the above embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 4 are both made of Rogers RT/duroid5880(tm) material; the metal material used for the first metal layer 2, the second metal layer 3, the metal pillar 5 and the metal probe 11 may be any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum, or an alloy of any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum.
In summary, the feed unit of the antenna of the present invention is only composed of the substrate integrated waveguide, which is greatly simplified, and simultaneously forms the T-shaped structure in combination with the dielectric substrate of the radiation unit, compared with the 2D planar structure in which most antennas are composed of single-layer dielectric substrates, the T-shaped structure of the antenna of the present invention forms a 3D three-dimensional structure, which enables the antenna of the present invention to be more easily integrated with the motherboard, compared with most conventional patch antennas in an open feed manner, such as microstrip feed, the transmission signal of the antenna of the present invention is isolated from the outside by the substrate integrated waveguide, so that the advantage of strong anti-interference capability of the substrate integrated waveguide is exerted, and the interference of the transmission signal by other electromagnetic signals on the motherboard when the antenna is integrated on the motherboard can be effectively reduced, thereby providing the transmission stability of the antenna signal.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN201911314626.9A CN111029762A (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2019-12-19 | Millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication equipment |
| PCT/CN2020/117974 WO2021120771A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2020-09-27 | Millimeter-wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication device |
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| CN201911314626.9A CN111029762A (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2019-12-19 | Millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication equipment |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN112886166A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-01 | 盛纬伦(深圳)通信技术有限公司 | Waveguide transition transmission structure |
| WO2021120771A1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter-wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication device |
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