CN111020204A - 一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法 - Google Patents
一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CMFUZVSDFIHEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Si].[Ca] Chemical compound [Fe].[Si].[Ca] CMFUZVSDFIHEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VETKVGYBAMGARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsanylidyneiron Chemical compound [As]#[Fe] VETKVGYBAMGARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenious Acid Chemical compound O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 CaCl Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052924 anglesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910006113 GeCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018162 SeO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003069 TeO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNBXMNQCXXEHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Se](Cl)(Cl)Cl LNBXMNQCXXEHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Te]=O LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWLJJEFSPJCUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Te](Cl)(Cl)Cl SWLJJEFSPJCUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorogermane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/0052—Reduction smelting or converting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B30/00—Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth
- C22B30/04—Obtaining arsenic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,是于入炉料配比时配入入炉料总重的1~1.5%的氯化剂,然后制料压型块,入富氧侧吹炉还原熔炼。本方法主动调控原料中的含氯量在1~1.5%的范围内,是二次资源中稀散元素含量5~15倍的配料,特别用于对稀散元素的氯化挥发达到将其高倍富集回收,具有显著的资源利用效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有色冶炼行业,具体涉及一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法。
背景技术
在有色冶炼行业中,铅的火法冶炼烟尘,一般典型成份是:Pb:30~50%、Bi+Sb+Sn:1~5%、S:4~8%、As:5~25%、SiO2+Fe+CaO:2~6%、Cd:2~6%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.02~0.2%;铜的火法冶炼烟尘一般典型成份:Pb:10~25%、Cu:5~15%、S:5~8%、As:5~30%、SiO2+Fe+CaO:15~25%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.02~0.2%;锌湿法浸出泥典型成份:Pb:20~40%、Bi+Sb+Sn:1~5%、S:8~15%、As:2~20%、SiO2+Fe+CaO:20~30%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.02~0.2%;这些有色金属原料与一次矿山资源不同,俗称二次资源。它们有如下特点:其一,主价金属Pb、Cu及Bi+Sb+Sn比常规的矿山一次资源含量要低约40~60%,不便于用常规冶炼方法冶炼回收;其二,含有毒元素砷远高于一次资源,是受环保重点监控的有毒固体物,需要有完善的环保工艺专业处置;其三,含有经一次冶炼富集的稀散元素Se、Te、Tl、In、Ge等,其经济价值占比通常高达15~40%,但是含量很低,通常都达不到工业回收下限品位;其四,这些二次资源的产量规模巨大,全国每年有高达200万吨的新增产量。
在以往有人将铅冶炼烟尘入反射炉还原熔炼,配入大量的碱造稀渣,产出粗铅和含砷的大量碱渣,这种碱渣造成环保风险和负担。有人将铜烟尘用硫酸氧化浸出,实现铜和铅等主价金属的分离和提取,但大量的砷进入浸出液,这种含砷废水对环保造成风险和负担。CN102286665A公开了一种针对含砷二次资源的熔炼方法,在还原熔炼回收主价金属铅的同时,将砷固化在砷铁合金中作为后续冶炼原料,对砷的无害化开路未作出明确的解决方案。CN108085501B公开了一种对含硫含砷有色金属物料分类配铁回收主价金属,同时固硫固砷无害化熔炼的配料方法对含砷的二次有色资源的无害化、资源化开路处置提供了实用可行的技术方案。综上所述,工业实践和技术进步都有一种明显的技术缺点,即都忽略了对二次有色金属资源中伴有的稀散元素Se、Te、Tl、In、Ge等的同步回收,而这些稀散元素的价值占比,一般高达15~40%,造成了宝贵资源的巨大浪费。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,针对现有技术中二次资源的稀散元素含量极低、不易回收的困局,在现有技术的基础上提供一种二次资源含砷配铁对稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,在还原熔炼回收二次资源中的主价金属铅的同时氯化富集稀散元素进入烟尘的冶炼方法。
本发明的创意思路是:以CN108085501B为基础,继承其分类配铁固硫固砷的环保冶炼工艺,作如下特别设计:一方面,利用稀散元素在富氧侧吹炉熔炼的高温碳还原、铁置换的环境下容易被足量的氯化剂氯化生成蒸汽压很高的金属氯化物挥发进入烟气;另一方面,配入1~1.5%少量的氯化剂(例如CaCl、KCl、NaCl等),相对于原料中的主价金属Pb+Bi+Sb+Sn+Cu而言,相对量较少,造成的氯化作用较弱且对设备腐蚀也较弱,而相对于含量极低的0.02~0.2%的稀散元素而言,1~1.5%氯化剂是相当其5到15倍的质量比,构成强烈氯化环境确保挥发完全。有必要特别指出的是在CN108085501B中原料中的氯被视为主要有害物,会对冶炼炉况造成严重不良影响,必须严控其含量小于2.8%,而在本发明方法中主动调控原料中的含氯量在1~1.5%的范围内,是稀散元素含量5~15倍的配料,特别用于对稀散元素的氯化挥发达到将其高倍富集回收,具有显著的资源利用效果。
为此,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,该方法步骤如下:
步骤1.配料:先确定可供原料的种类、化学成分及需求量,再按下述配料原则配入炉料:
A.选择适合于二次资源成份特点的硅铁钙渣型:渣型中SiO2:Fe:CaO的重量比为(30~35):(18~22):(14~18);
B.分类配铁量:
①入炉料中的总硅与焦碳灰份的硅量之和的0.5~0.6倍重量配以氧化态的铁(例如用硫化铁烧渣的“红铁粉”)用于硅铁钙造渣,
②入炉料中的总硫与总砷之和的1.3~1.5倍重量配元素态铁(例如用转窑磁选铁粉)反应生成硫铁冰铜和砷铁合金;
C.主价金属含量品位:一般受限于实际原料含量,通常选择Pb+Bi+Sb+Sn,配入量为入炉料总重的18~30%;
D.入炉料硫和砷含量上限选择:S不超过9%,As不超过8%;
E.氯化剂:选用CaCl2或者KCl或者NaCl,配入量为入炉料总重的1~1.5%;
F.入炉料水份含量:为便于压型配料水份含量选择在11~14%;
步骤2.配料制料压型块:即将上述配料混匀、破碎后压成型块,堆存,风干;为现有常规技术,具体如下:
2.1.从不同料仓按配料配方要求铲取相应的配料、堆混,一边翻铲一边碾压,使高含水的泥状物料与粉料浸润拌和,一般重复翻铲碾压三到四次即可完成堆混均匀;
2.2.将碾压后的分散料进破碎机破碎成块度小于20mm的散料;
2.3.将破碎料入压机压成型块,块度选择在100~150mm之间;
2.4.将压成的型块堆存、风干成强度较高的备用料,减少加料时的破碎率。
步骤3.入富氧侧吹炉还原熔炼;亦按现有常规还原熔炼方法进行,具体地:
3.1.富氧侧吹炉型选择:为适应压型块料易破碎粉尘较多的特点,富氧侧吹炉的鼓腹角应向小选择一般在0~2.5度,富氧侧吹炉料柱高度选择适中的4~5m高;
3.2.焦比选择:入炉料中的硫酸铅在置换还原时需消耗碳,反应式为:PbSO4+Fe+2C=Pb+FeS+2CO2;故与传统用烧结块的富氧侧吹炉焦比9~11%相比,一般要高个2~3个百分点,即选择焦料比13~16%;
3.3.开炉与运行:开炉时一般先加入的底焦层厚度与富氧侧吹炉风口区厚度相等,底铅投加量约为炉缸实际容量的1.2~1.3倍,确保熔化后经高温底焦层过热流下的铅能把炉缸加热到800℃~1000℃,避免初熔的硅铁钙渣流到炉缸之时冷凝结壳;在渣口未排渣前调控鼓风量在正常值的60~80%。勤观察风口当见到有熔渣上升时立即用氧气管烧开渣口放出熔渣,随后调控鼓风量到正常风焦比平衡风量,供风风压由炉内风阻及渣口渣坝高度自适应调节,保持风口见光明亮,进入正常的富氧侧吹炉运行状态;
3.4.富氧侧吹炉熔炼反应:
3.4.1.炉料中的主价金属铅一般以硫酸铅,硫化铅和氧化铅形态存在,发生如下反应:
PbSO4+Fe+2C=Pb+FeS+2CO2↑
PbS+Fe=Pb+FeS
PbO+CO=Pb+CO2↑
3.4.2.炉料中的铜一般以氧化铜形态存在,发生如下反应:
CuO+CO=Cu+CO2↑
Cu+S=CuS
3.4.3.炉料中配入的铁与其中的砷,发生如下反应:
As2O3+3C=2As+3CO
As+Fe=FeAs
3.4.4.炉料中的稀散元素一般以氧化物形状存在,发生如下氯化反应:
SeO2+HCl=SeCl4+2H2O
TeO2+HCl=TeCl4+2H2O
TlO2+HCl=TlCl4+2H2O
In2O3+6HCl=2InCl3+3H2O
GeO2+HCl=GeCl4+2H2O。
步骤4.收集熔炼产物;
4.1.产出主价金属粗铅合金,其中捕收了炉料中的Sb、Bi、Sn、Ag、Au、An等,铅冶炼直收率一般80~92%之间,产率约20~25%;
4.2.产出硫铁钙炉渣,产率为30~40%,典型成份:SiO2:30%、FeO:25%、CaO:16%;
4.3.产出硫铁冰铜,产率约为15~25%,典型成份:S:18~20%、Fe:40~50%、Cu:2~8%、Pb:4~7%;
4.4.产出砷铁合金,产率约为8~16%,典型成份:As:20~25%、Fe:55~60%、Pb:0.5~1.5%,砷铁合金比重大、无毒性,可用作配重材料代替钢铁;
4.5.产出烟尘,产率为6~8%,典型成份:Pb:20~30%、Cl:12~18%、As:5~20%、CaO:5~9%、Se:0.2~0.4%、Te:0.1~0.5%、Tl:0.08~0.2%、In:0.1~0.8%、Ge:0.01~0.04%、Cd:5~15%、K:4~6%。
由烟尘成份分析可知,由于在配料中按E项加入氯化剂,在熔炼时能将炉料中的稀散元素挥发富集在烟尘中,因富集率富集,稀散元素的含量达到或者超过工业回收的下限品位要求。
本发明在现有技术回收二次资源主价金属并对砷无害化处置的基础上,针对原料中含有品位极低的稀散元素的特点,创造性地在炉料中配入适量的氯化剂,一方面相对于含量极低的稀散元素形成大过量的富氯化环境;另一方面相对于含量较高的主价金属是相对少量的弱氯化环境,在富氧侧吹炉内熔炼环境下高效高倍率地将稀散元素挥发进入烟尘中捕收,而对主价金属回收不造成明显的影响。本发明方法避免了以往技术造成宝贵的不可再生稀散元素资源的巨大浪费,创造了极高的经济价值,同时减少了稀散元素中剧毒的铊因不能专业回收,无组织扩散对环境造成的隐形危害。
具体实施方式
实施例1
于湖南某冶炼工厂按本发明方法实施了工业生产,所用主原料及配料是:①铅烟灰:H2O:8%、Pb:45.2%、Bi+Sb+Sn:3.5%、Ag:300g/T、Au:1.0g/T、S:6.4%、As:8.7%、SiO2:1.7%、Fe:0.5%、CaO:1.5%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.05%;②铜烟灰:H2O:4.0%、Pb:18.3%、Ag:600g/T、Au:3.0g/T、S:8.0%、As:20%、SiO2:5.5%、Fe:1.0%、CaO:4.6%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.03%;③浸出铅泥:H2O:28%、Pb:28.5%、Ag:800g/T、Au:5.0g/T、S:11.0%、As:10.8%、SiO2:3.0%、Fe:5.0%、CaO:5.0%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.04%;④氧化铁配料(红铁粉):H2O:15%、Pb:0.5%、SiO2:10%、Fe:45%、CaO:8%;⑤元素铁配料(磁选铁粉):H2O:6%、Pb:3.5%、SiO2:10%、Fe:65%、CaO:5%;⑥氯化剂:Cl:64%、Ca:35%。
实施的具体步骤如下:
步骤1.按本发明的配方原则测算优选出上述原料的配方重量比是:①:②:③:④:⑤:⑥=25:15:24:14:20:2,按此配方配出的炉料成份为:H2O:12.74%、Pb:21.6%、Cu:1.38%、Bi+Sb+Sn:1.97%、S:5.56%、As:7.76%、Ag:357g/T、Au:1.9g/T、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.026%、Cl:1.29%、SiO2:7.27%、FeO:20.35%、CaO:5.28%。
步骤2.配料制料压型块:用铲车配料混料、翻铲、碾压反复3~4次,使混料充分均匀;用破碎机将堆混料破碎成块度小于20mm的散料;用压力机将制好的料压成尺寸100~150mm的成型块;将型块堆存2~4天风干,增加料块强度利于搬运较少破碎。
步骤3.入富氧侧吹炉熔炼:所用富氧侧吹炉风口区宽度1.25m,炉长4.08m,炉床面积5.6㎡,料柱高度4.5m;选择熔炼焦比14.5%,按鼓风强度18m3/㎡·min鼓入风压10Kpa的空气,达到30~35T/㎡·天的稳定产能,因炉料含水量高达10%,炉顶烟气温度稳定维持在150~200℃之间,操作正常炉况顺畅。
步骤4.收集熔炼产物:
4.1.富氧侧吹炉熔炼产出的主价金属粗铅合金捕收了炉料中大部分金银和铋锑锡等有色金属。含Pb:95.6%、Ag:1700g/T、Au:9.8g/T、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge<0.001%,产率约为20%,铅直收率85~92%;
4.2.富氧侧吹炉熔炼产出的硅铁钙炉渣,其典型成份SiO2:30%、FeO:25%、CaO:16%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge<0.001%;产率约为35%,通常用水淬成散沙状。
4.3富氧侧吹炉熔炼产出的硫铁冰铜一般成份为S:18%、Fe:50%、Cu:5.5%、Pb:5.0%、As:1.2%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge<0.001%,产率约26%,用沉淀锅按比重分层、冷却收集。
4.4富氧侧吹炉熔炼产出的砷铁合金成份为As25%、Fe65%、S0.5%、Pb0.2%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge<0.001%,产率约13%,因铁固化砷已无毒性,可用作配重材料代替钢铁。
4.5富氧侧吹炉熔炼产出的烟尘成份为Pb:25%、Cl:16%、S:8.0%、As:20%、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.417%,产率约6%。分析入炉料和烟尘中的稀散元素可知,从原料到烟尘稀散元素的挥发直收率大于95%,富集倍率约17倍,使从原料的百克/吨级富集到几千克/吨级含量,从而使稀散元素的进一步综合回收达到并超过了工业经济回收的下限要求。
对比实施例
与实施例1的其它情况相同仅在配料中不主动配入氯化剂,使入炉料中无氯化剂,按相同的方法及设备熔炼得到的产物如下:
A、粗铅合金产率约20%:Pb94.5%、Ag1700g/T、Au9.08g/T、Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.048%,可见炉料中的稀散元素约40%,分散进入粗铅中,富集倍率约为5倍;
B、硅铁钙炉渣产率约35%:化验其中Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.009%,可见炉料中的稀散元素约有13%分散到炉渣中;
C、硫铁冰铜产率约26%:化验其中Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.01%,可见炉料中的稀散元素有约15%分散到了硫铁冰铜中;
D、砷铁合金,产率约13%,化验其中的Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.028%,可见炉料中的稀散元素有约13%分散到其中。
E、烟尘,产率约6%,化验其中的Se+Te+Tl+In+Ge:0.043%,可见炉料中的稀散元素分散到其中约20%,相对品位提高约3倍。
比较实施例1和对比实施例,明显看出:按本发明方法主动配入氯化剂的冶炼方法能使炉料中的稀散元素约95%以上挥发进入烟尘中,富集倍率高达17倍,而以往技术不主动配氯化剂的冶炼方法熔炼后稀散元素有约40%分散进入粗铅中,有约40%进入各种渣中,有约20%进入烟尘中,使宝贵的稀散元素分散不易回收而被浪费。
Claims (6)
1.一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1.配料:先确定可供原料的种类、化学成分及需求量,再按下述配料原则配入炉料:
A.硅铁钙渣型:渣型中SiO2:Fe:CaO的重量比为(30~35):(18~22):(14~18);
B.分类配铁量:
①入炉料中的总硅与焦碳灰份的硅量之和的0.5~0.6倍重量配以氧化态的铁,
②入炉料中的总硫与总砷之和的1.3~1.5倍重量配元素态铁;
C.主价金属含量品位:选择Pb+Bi+Sb+Sn,配入量为入炉料总重的18~30%;
D.入炉料硫和砷含量上限:S不超过9%,As不超过8%;
E.氯化剂:选用CaCl2或者KCl或者NaCl,配入量为入炉料总重的1~1.5%;
F.入炉料水份含量:水份含量为11~14%;
步骤2.配料制料压型块:将上述配料混匀、破碎后压成型块,堆存,风干;
步骤3.入富氧侧吹炉还原熔炼;
步骤4:收集熔炼产物;由于入炉料中配入有氯化剂,熔炼时使二次资源中的稀散元素挥发富集在产物的烟尘中,稀散元素的含量达到或者超过工业回收的下限品位要求。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中的破碎是指破碎成块度小于20mm的散料。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中型块尺寸为100~150mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中还原熔炼时富氧侧吹炉炉型要求:鼓腹角为0~2.5度,富氧侧吹炉料柱高度为4~5m。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中还原熔炼时的焦比为13-16%。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种二次资源含砷配铁含稀散元素配氯化剂的富氧侧吹炉熔炼方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中熔炼产物还包括粗铅合金、硅铁钙炉渣、硫铁冰铜及砷铁合金。
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