CN111009728A - Luneberg lens, low-profile array antenna based on Luneberg lens array and satellite antenna - Google Patents
Luneberg lens, low-profile array antenna based on Luneberg lens array and satellite antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111009728A CN111009728A CN201811168196.XA CN201811168196A CN111009728A CN 111009728 A CN111009728 A CN 111009728A CN 201811168196 A CN201811168196 A CN 201811168196A CN 111009728 A CN111009728 A CN 111009728A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
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Abstract
The invention provides a Luneberg lens, comprising a Luneberg lens unit and an antenna array fixed on the surface of the Luneberg lens unit; the antenna array is arranged on the circumferences of a plurality of concentric circles in a one-dimensional arc or two-dimensional arc mode along the surfaces of the luneberg lens units through the plurality of antenna units. Compared with the prior art, the large-angle beam scanning can be realized by arranging the antenna arrays on the surfaces of the single luneberg lens units and sequentially feeding the antenna units at the same positions in the antenna arrays on the surfaces of the luneberg lens units, and the complexity and the design difficulty of an antenna feeding network are reduced. If only a certain angle or a certain direction needs to be covered, other pointed antenna units can be cut, so that the antenna array is simplified, meanwhile, the feed network is simplified, and the cost is easy to control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a Luneberg lens, a low-profile array antenna based on a Luneberg lens array and a satellite antenna.
Background
The beam scanning range of an array antenna is an important performance indicator. In 2005, written by constantinea, balanis, "antenna theory: analysis and Design (Constant A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey:2005, Page(s):283-384) describes the characteristics and Design of conventional planar phased arrays. When the traditional planar phased array antenna scans a larger angle, the gain of an array radiation pattern is reduced and the side lobe is increased due to the reduction of the equivalent aperture of the antenna array, the scanning angle of the traditional planar phased array antenna is usually not more than +/-40 degrees, and the application of the traditional planar phased array antenna is limited due to the limited scanning angle.
Luneburg, written by r.k. Luneburg, published by University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA, "Mathematical Theory of Optics" (r.k. Luneburg, chemical Theory of Optics, University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA:1964) introduced the structure and properties of Luneburg lenses (Luneburg lenses). The luneberg lens is a spherical gradient index lens, and has the characteristic of focusing plane waves incident along any direction to one point on the surface of the luneberg lens or enabling a surface feed source of the luneberg lens to realize high-directional radiation. The array antenna unit is arranged on the surface of the Luneberg lens, can be used for transmitting or receiving plane beams from all directions, and can ensure that the beams in all directions have the same shape and gain, thereby being used for realizing large-angle beam scanning. However, the spherical structure of the luneberg lens causes the profile height of the array antenna to be larger than the diameter of the lens, and the volume and the weight of the array antenna are large, so that the array antenna is difficult to be applied to occasions with strict limitation on the profile height and the volume and the weight of the antenna.
In 2000, a paper "utilizing a luneberg lens as a radio telescope unit" was published by a.j.parfitt et al at an International conference on Antennas and transmissions sponsored by The american Society of electrical and electronics engineers (a.j.parfitt, j.s.kot and g.l.james, "The luneberg lens as a radio telemedicine element", IEEE Antennas and transmission Society International Symposium, 2000). The article proposes the use of a plurality of relatively small diameter luneberg lenses forming an array having a profile height and a volumetric weight that are less than a single luneberg lens of the same aperture area as the lens array. But the article does not indicate in what way the luneberg lens array described above should be fed to achieve a large angle beam scan.
The above document shows that the conventional phased array antenna has a limited beam scanning range; the array antenna based on a single Luneberg lens can realize large-angle beam scanning, but the profile height and the volume weight are both large; the lens array composed of a plurality of luneberg lens units has low profile height and volume weight, but no relevant report is provided on how to realize large-angle beam scanning.
At present, no report of an array antenna which is realized based on a luneberg lens array and has large-angle scanning and communication functions exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to realize low profile height and volume weight and realize large-angle and high-gain beam scanning.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a luneberg lens comprises a luneberg lens unit and an antenna array fixed on the surface of the luneberg lens unit; the antenna array is arranged on the circumferences of a plurality of concentric circles in a one-dimensional arc or two-dimensional arc mode along the surfaces of the luneberg lens units through the plurality of antenna units.
The invention also provides a low-profile array antenna based on the Luneberg lens array, which comprises a plurality of Luneberg lenses, wherein the Luneberg lenses are arranged on the same horizontal plane, and the antenna units with the same pointing angle on different Luneberg lens units are antenna units at the same position; a plurality of antenna units at the same position form a composite feed port through a feed network; the antenna array has a plurality of composite feed ports.
Preferably, the feed network is a fixed feed network or a phase-shifter-based phased feed network.
Preferably, the feeding mode of each antenna unit is single-port feeding or dual-port feeding.
Preferably, when the dual-port feeding is adopted, the phase difference of the two feeding ports is 90 degrees.
Preferably, the antenna unit includes an upper surface metal layer, a lower surface metal layer, and a dielectric substrate located between the upper surface metal layer and the lower surface metal layer; and two feed ports are arranged on the upper surface metal layer.
Preferably, the plurality of luneberg lenses are arranged linearly, rectangularly or in a shaped arrangement.
Preferably, the luneberg lens pitch satisfies that the electromagnetic wave at the maximum coverage angle direction smoothly passes through.
Preferably, in the array antenna, a small-diameter luneberg lens is used at a position where the gain requirement is low.
The invention also provides a satellite communication antenna of the low-profile array antenna based on the Luneberg lens array.
The invention has the advantages that:
the antenna array is arranged on the surface of a single Luneberg lens unit, and antenna units at the same position in the antenna array on the surface of each Luneberg lens unit are sequentially fed, so that large-angle beam scanning can be realized, and the complexity and the design difficulty of an antenna feeding network are reduced. If only a certain angle or a certain direction needs to be covered, other pointed antenna units can be cut, so that the antenna array is simplified, meanwhile, the feed network is simplified, the cost is easy to control, various antenna products with different scanning standards can be obtained, and the market adaptability is strong.
By the aid of the plurality of Luneberg lens arrays, the array antenna is formed by the plurality of Luneberg lenses with small diameters, high gain is achieved on the basis of keeping the large-angle scanning capability of the Luneberg lens-based array antenna, and the section height and the volume weight of the Luneberg lens-based array antenna are greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of each luneberg lens and an antenna array structure feeding the luneberg lens in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of each luneberg lens and the antenna array structure feeding the luneberg lens in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of an antenna array structure on a surface of each luneberg lens unit in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the array antenna according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the feed network of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a phase-controlled feed network based on phase shifters according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a structure of a selection network in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a return loss diagram of the antenna array on the surface of each luneberg lens unit in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a beam scanning pattern for feeding an antenna array on one surface of a luneberg lens element in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a beam scanning pattern for feeding the antenna array on all surfaces of the luneberg lens elements in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic top view of an antenna array structure on the surface of each luneberg lens unit in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic top view of each luneberg lens and the antenna array structure feeding the luneberg lens in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic side view of each luneberg lens and the antenna array structure feeding the luneberg lens in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the array antenna in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a return loss diagram of the antenna array on the surface of each luneberg lens unit in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 16 shows E-plane and H-plane beam scanning patterns for feeding the antenna array on one surface of the luneberg lens element in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 17 shows E-plane and H-plane beam scanning patterns for feeding the antenna array on all the surfaces of the luneberg lens elements in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is an exploded view schematically showing an antenna unit in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an antenna unit in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 20 is a schematic top view of an upper pcb substrate of an antenna unit in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 21 is a schematic top view of a dielectric substrate in an antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 22 is a schematic top view of a lower pcb substrate of an antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of a matching sleeve and an SMA joint in an antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood and readily understood, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings, wherein:
example 1
The luneberg lens unit 10, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, is a sphere with a diameter of 140mm, and is composed of an upper hemisphere and a lower hemisphere which are symmetrical up and down, each hemisphere is divided into a plurality of layers, the more the number of layers is, the better the performance is, but in consideration of the processing difficulty, the present embodiment provides a structure with 12 layers, each layer is composed of a three-dimensional cross unit structure. The center of each cross unit is a cube, and the volume of the cube is larger and larger from the outer edge of the sphere to the center, so that the luneberg lens unit 10 is a dielectric sphere antenna with a gradient dielectric constant structure, microwave signals transmitted from all directions can be converged to one point on the surface of the lens, and the convergence and directional emission of electromagnetic waves can be realized. The dielectric constant distribution of the spherical luneberg lens meets the dielectric constant distribution of the spherical luneberg lens: the edge of the sphere is 2, the center is 1, the middle gradually changes, and the formula is as follows:
dielectric constant 2- (position radius/sphere radius)2
The antenna unit in this embodiment is a microstrip antenna unit. As shown in fig. 3, 18 and 19, a dual-band dual-polarized microstrip antenna comprises a reflective floor 7, a 3-layer microstrip antenna (not shown), 2 matching sleeves 8 and 4 non-metal fixing screws 9. Reflection floor 7, 3 layers of microstrip antenna are the rectangle structure, and 3 layers of microstrip antenna are located the top on reflection floor, and the mounting hole has all been seted up to four corners on reflection floor 7 and 3 layers of microstrip antenna, and 4 nonmetal fixed screws 9 pass each mounting hole in proper order and fix reflection floor 7 and 3 layers of microstrip antenna into whole.
The 3-layer microstrip antenna comprises an upper pcb substrate 2, a lower pcb substrate 4 and a medium substrate 30 positioned between the upper pcb substrate 2 and the lower pcb substrate 4; the upper pcb substrate 2 and the lower pcb substrate 4 are typically made of Rogers5880 sheet material.
As shown in fig. 20 (fig. 1 is an isometric view, which does not correspond to the viewing angles of fig. 3-5), a square radiation patch 20 is fixed at the middle position of the upper surface of the upper pcb substrate 2, the radiation patch 20 is a metal copper sheet, four sides of the radiation patch 20 can be parallel to four sides of the upper pcb substrate, so as to implement linear polarization, and the radiation patch 20 can also be rotated by a certain angle, so as to implement circular polarization. The upper pcb substrate 2 is provided with feeding ports 50 and 60 respectively at two adjacent edges of the radiation patch 20, and the 2 feeding ports are orthogonal. Ground pads 21 are respectively provided on both sides of each feed port in the side length direction of the radiation patch 20. The periphery of the lower surface of the upper pcb substrate 2 is coated with a first metal sheet 22, and the first metal sheet 22 is a rectangular copper sheet. By varying the dimensions of the radiating patch 20, it is possible to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna transmission and reception, for example when the radiating patch has dimensions of 5.2 x 6.9 mm. The transmit-receive resonance frequency points are 12.5GHz and 14.25GHz, respectively, when the radiating patch is 5.4 × 7.2mm in size. The receiving and transmitting resonance frequency points are respectively 13GHz and 14.5 GHz; by changing the size of the first metal plate 22, and of course, the sizes of the second metal plate, the third metal plate, and the fourth metal plate described below are kept the same as the first metal plate, it is possible to achieve adjustment of the gain and the wave width of the antenna, for example, when the metal plate is 8 × 2mm, the reception gain is 8.5dB, the wave width is 64 °, when the metal plate is 13 × 2mm, the gain is 9.4dB, and the wave width is 55 °. If the array antenna is used for array, the directional diagram of the antenna unit can be adjusted as required.
As shown in FIG. 21, the dielectric substrate 30 is a rectangular Rogers RT/duroid 6010 dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 10.2, a thickness of 8mm and a size of 23.8mm × 50 mm. The upper surface and the lower surface of the periphery of the radiating patch are respectively coated with a second metal sheet 31 and a third metal sheet 32, the middle part of the radiating patch vertically corresponds to the radiating patch 20 and is a cavity area 33 which is through up and down, and the bandwidth of the antenna can be improved through the cavity area 33; the size of the cavity 33 may also affect the resonant frequency of the antenna, for example, when the size of the cavity is 5.2 × 6.9mm, the transmit-receive resonant frequency points are 12.5GHz and 14.25GHz, respectively, and when the size of the cavity is 5 × 6mm, the transmit-receive resonant frequency points are 13.2GHz and 14.3GHz, respectively. At positions vertically corresponding to the feed ports 50, 60 and the ground pad 21, first and second through holes 34, 35 are opened.
As shown in fig. 22, the fourth metal sheets 41 corresponding to the number and the position of the third metal sheets 32 are coated on the periphery of the upper surface of the lower pcb substrate 4, and similarly, the second metal sheets 31, the third metal sheets 32, and the fourth metal sheets 41 have the same size and the same material as the first metal sheets 22. The upper pcb substrate 2 and the dielectric substrate 30 are welded and fixed in a one-to-one correspondence manner through 4 first metal sheets 22 and 4 second metal sheets 31, and similarly, the dielectric substrate 30 and the lower pcb substrate 4 are welded and fixed in a one-to-one correspondence manner through 4 third metal sheets 32 and 4 fourth metal sheets 41, so that 3 substrates are electrically connected into a whole.
A feed metal sheet 40, which is a rectangular copper sheet with the thickness of 0.018mm and the size of 23.8mm multiplied by 50mm, is laid at the middle position of the upper surface of the lower pcb substrate 4. The feed metal sheet 40 is provided with 2H-shaped grooves, the lower surface of the feed metal sheet 40 is provided with two orthogonal transmission lines 42, one ends of the two transmission lines 42 are respectively electrically connected with the two H-shaped grooves, the other ends of the two transmission lines are respectively electrically connected with the SMA connector 1, and the SMA connector 1 is electrically connected with the feed port, so that the feed to the radiation patch 20 is realized. The feed metal sheet 40 is provided with a third through hole 43 and a fourth through hole 44 at positions vertically corresponding to the ground pad 21 and the feed ports 50 and 60.
As shown in fig. 23, the matching sleeve 8 is a cylindrical structure and made of copper, the bottom end of the matching sleeve is electrically connected to the reflective floor 7, the top end of the matching sleeve extends upwards to form two pins 81, the two pins 81 sequentially pass through the third through hole 43 (corresponding positions of the lower pcb substrate are also provided with through holes for the pins 81 to pass through), the second through hole 35 and the bonding pad 21 on the upper pcb substrate 2, the height and the inner diameter of the matching sleeve are adjusted to adjust the return loss (standing-wave ratio) of the microstrip antenna, the two extended pins serve as a grounding function, and the isolation of the antenna is improved.
The SMA joint 1 is sleeved in the matching sleeve 8, is coaxial with the matching sleeve 8, is electrically connected with the reflection floor 7 at the bottom end thereof to realize grounding, and has a transmission core passing through the matching sleeve 8 to be electrically connected with the transmission line 42, and passing through the fourth through hole 44 and the first through hole 34 to be electrically connected with the feed port to realize coaxial feeding.
The microstrip antenna provided by the embodiment is applicable to any frequency band, and specifically comprises:
according to the theory of transmission lines,
wherein L is the length of the radiation patch, W is the width of the radiation patch, △ L is a correction factor, ε is the dielectric constant, u is the permeability, c0Is the speed of light in free space, and f is the operating frequency. For the microstrip antenna, the proportion of the model is adjusted according to the working frequency, the microstrip antenna can be suitable for any frequency band, and particularly for lower working frequency, as the double-transmitter shares one radiation patch, the number of the antennas can be greatly reducedSize to adopt the mode of feed dorsad, can make the group array become phased array more have the advantage simultaneously, the feed is convenient, and the size is littleer.
In the case of the arc antenna array, as shown in fig. 3, 9 microstrip antenna units are arranged side by side along the short side in a 1 × 9 one-dimensional arc, and the radian of the arc is related to the diameter of the luneberg lens unit 10.
The luneberg lens, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, arranges a 1 × 9 one-dimensional array of curved antennas on the surface of the luneberg lens unit 10. The principle of arrangement of the antenna array on the surface of the luneberg lens unit is as follows: and taking the 5 th antenna unit in the middle of the antenna array as a symmetrical unit, and taking the antenna units which are mutually symmetrical at two sides as antenna units at the same position. The luneberg lens surface antenna array can be cut, if only a certain angle or a certain direction needs to be covered, other pointed antenna units can be removed, so that the antenna array unit is simplified, meanwhile, the feed network is simplified, and the cost is saved. If the one-dimensional arrangement can be regarded as a two-dimensional arrangement, further, if only gain in the normal direction is required, then only the bottom antenna element can be clipped.
The fixing mode of the antenna unit and the luneberg ball unit can be gluing or integral foaming fixing.
The array antenna is obtained by a 3 × 3 luneberg lens array as shown in fig. 4, and the distance between the centers of the two neighboring luneberg lens units 10 is 158 mm. The angles formed by the centers of the adjacent antenna units and the center of the luneberg lens unit 10 are all 17 degrees. The antenna units with the same pointing angle on the 9 luneberg ball lens units 10 are antenna units with the same position, as shown in fig. 5, the 9 antenna units with the same position form a composite feed port through a feed network, so that the antenna array has a plurality of composite feed ports, and a high-gain fixed pointing beam can be realized through one composite feed port. As shown in fig. 7, the selection feed network selects among a plurality of such composite feed ports, and a large-angle high-gain beam scan of the array antenna is realized. And sequentially feeding the antenna units at the same position in the antenna array on the surface of each luneberg lens unit to realize large-angle beam scanning. As shown in fig. 6, if a phase-controlled feed network based on phase shifters is used to implement a composite feed port, the phase relationship can be dynamically adjusted during operation, and a one-dimensional low-angle beam scanning high-gain dynamic directional beam within a certain range can be implemented.
In the array antenna, the diameters of a plurality of luneberg lens units 10 may be different, a small-diameter sphere may be selected for a position with a low gain requirement, and the arrangement modes of the composed lens array may include a linear arrangement, a rectangular arrangement or other shaping arrangement modes. To achieve high gain and large angle, the distance between the plurality of luneberg lens units 10 should be such that the electromagnetic wave at the direction of the maximum coverage angle is not blocked, or blocked as little as possible.
Fig. 8 is a return loss diagram of the microstrip antenna array on the surface of each luneberg lens unit 10 in this embodiment, and it can be seen from the diagram that the return loss of the antenna array is less than-10 dB in the frequency range of 2.15-2.35GHz, which shows a resonance characteristic. In the figures S11 to S99, the return loss of the antenna elements 1 to 9, respectively, is shown.
Fig. 9 shows a 9-beam scanning pattern for feeding the antenna array on the surface of one luneberg lens element 10 according to this embodiment, and the operating frequency is 2.25 GHz. As can be seen, when the beam 5 is pointed at 0 °, the gain is 8.6 dB; when beam 1 is pointed at-72 °, its gain is 9.4 dB; when the beam 9 is pointed at 72 °, its gain is 9.7 dB; therefore, the beam scanning range is +/-72 degrees, and the scanning range is large.
Fig. 10 shows the 9 beam scanning patterns of this embodiment feeding the antenna array on all surfaces of the luneberg lens element 10, with an operating frequency of 2.25 GHz. As can be seen, when the beam 5 is pointed at 0 °, the gain is 17.2 dB; when beam 1 is pointed at-72 °, its gain is 15.1 dB; when the beam 9 is pointed at 72 °, its gain is 15.1 dB; the beam scanning range is +/-72 degrees, and the scanning range is large.
From the experimental results, the array antenna obtained by the plurality of luneberg lens arrays can realize large-angle and high-gain beam scanning.
Example 2
This example has the following differences compared to example 1:
the antenna element, the upper surface metal layer 20 and the lower surface metal layer 40 are made of metal conductor copper, and the thickness is 0.018 mm. The lower surface metal layer forms the ground of the antenna, and the size is 28mm multiplied by 28 mm. The dielectric substrate 30 is a rectangular RogersRT/duroid 6010 dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 10.2, a thickness of 8mm and dimensions of 28mm × 28 mm.
As shown in fig. 11, the microstrip antenna array disposed on the surface of each luneberg lens unit 10 is formed by arranging 25 microstrip antenna units along an arc surface, and specifically includes: 7 of the 25 antenna units are arranged side by side to form an arc line, and 5 antenna units, 3 antenna units and 1 antenna unit are sequentially arranged outwards on two sides of the arc line, so that an arc surface (bowl-shaped) structure is finally formed.
The luneberg lens, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, each luneberg lens unit 10 is a sphere having a diameter of 140mm, and has a dielectric constant distribution satisfying that of a spherical luneberg lens. The two-dimensional arc antenna array is fixed on the surface of the luneberg lens unit 10 and used for realizing two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning.
And taking the middle antenna unit as a circle center, taking the antenna units on the same circumference at the four circumferences as the antenna units at the same position, wherein the absolute values of the pointing angles of the antenna units at the same position are the same. As shown in fig. 5, a plurality of antenna elements at the same position form a composite feed port through the feed network, so that the antenna array has a plurality of composite feed ports, and a high-gain fixed directional beam can be realized through one composite feed port. As shown in fig. 6, if a phase-controlled feed network based on phase shifters is used to implement a composite feed port, the phase relationship can be dynamically adjusted during operation, and a high-gain dynamic directional beam with two-dimensional small-angle beam scanning in a certain range can be implemented.
The luneberg lens surface antenna array can be cut, if only a certain angle or a certain direction needs to be covered, other pointed antenna units can be removed, so that the antenna array unit is simplified, meanwhile, the feed network is simplified, and the cost is saved.
The array antenna is obtained by a 3 × 3 luneberg lens array as shown in fig. 14, and the distance between the spherical centers of the adjacent luneberg lens units 10 is 158 mm. The included angles formed by the centers of the adjacent antenna units and the center of the luneberg lens unit 10 are 22 degrees.
Fig. 15 is a return loss graph of the microstrip antenna array on the surface of each luneberg lens unit 10 according to this embodiment, and it can be seen from the graph that the return loss of the antenna array is less than-10 dB in the frequency range of 2.15-2.35GHz, which shows the resonance characteristics, where S11 to S99 show the return losses of the antenna units 1 to 9, respectively.
Fig. 16 shows the E-plane and H-plane beam scanning patterns of this embodiment feeding the antenna array on the surface of one of the luneberg lens elements 10, with an operating frequency of 2.25 GHz. As can be seen, when the beam 4 is pointed at 0 °, the gain is 9.9 dB; when beam 1 is pointed at-71 °, its gain is 9.8 dB; when beam 7 is pointed at 71 °, its gain is 9.8 dB; the beam sweep range is ± 71 °.
Fig. 17 shows the E-plane and H-plane beam scanning patterns of this embodiment feeding the antenna array on all surfaces of the luneberg lens cell 10, with an operating frequency of 2.25 GHz. As can be seen, when the beam 4 is pointed at 0 °, the gain is 19.2 dB; when beam 1 is pointed at-71 °, its gain is 16.8 dB; when beam 7 is pointed at 71 °, its gain is 17.0 dB; the beam sweep range is ± 71 °.
From the experimental results, the array antenna obtained by the plurality of luneberg lens arrays can realize large-angle and high-gain beam scanning.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A luneberg lens, comprising: the antenna array comprises a Luneberg lens unit and an antenna array fixed on the surface of the Luneberg lens unit; the antenna array is arranged on the circumferences of a plurality of concentric circles in a one-dimensional arc or two-dimensional arc mode along the surfaces of the luneberg lens units through the plurality of antenna units.
2. A low-profile array antenna based on a Luneberg lens array is characterized in that: the antenna unit with the same pointing angle on different luneberg lens units is an antenna unit at the same position; a plurality of antenna units at the same position form a composite feed port through a feed network; the antenna array has a plurality of composite feed ports.
3. The luneberg lens array based low profile array antenna of claim 2, wherein: the feed network is a fixed feed network or a phase-controlled feed network based on a phase shifter.
4. A luneberg lens array based low profile array antenna as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the feeding mode of each antenna unit is single-port feeding or dual-port feeding.
5. The luneberg lens array based low profile array antenna of claim 4, wherein: when the dual-port feeding is adopted, the phase difference of the feeding of the two ports is 90 degrees.
6. The luneberg lens array based low profile array antenna of claim 2, wherein: the antenna unit comprises an upper surface metal layer, a lower surface metal layer and a dielectric substrate positioned between the upper surface metal layer and the lower surface metal layer; and two feed ports are arranged on the upper surface metal layer.
7. The luneberg lens array based low profile array antenna of claim 6, wherein: the plurality of luneberg lenses are arranged in a straight line, a rectangular or a shaped arrangement.
8. The luneberg lens array based low profile array antenna of claim 2, wherein: the distance between the luneberg lenses meets the requirement that electromagnetic waves at the position of the maximum coverage angle smoothly pass through.
9. The luneberg lens array based low profile array antenna of claim 2, wherein: in the array antenna, a small-diameter luneberg lens is used at a position where the gain requirement is low.
10. A satellite communication antenna using the array antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811168196.XA CN111009728A (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2018-10-08 | Luneberg lens, low-profile array antenna based on Luneberg lens array and satellite antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| CN201811168196.XA CN111009728A (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2018-10-08 | Luneberg lens, low-profile array antenna based on Luneberg lens array and satellite antenna |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111244641A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-06-05 | 成都新光微波工程有限责任公司 | Be applied to low frequency channel 5G dominant MIMO luneberg lens antenna |
| CN111740774A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-10-02 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Low-orbit satellite communication switching device based on luneberg lens antenna |
| CN112436290A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-02 | 佛山蓝谱达科技有限公司 | Dielectric lens, antenna and application thereof |
| CN113206390A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-03 | 广州通则康威智能科技有限公司 | 5G-CPE high-gain double-Dragon-B lens antenna device and working method thereof |
| CN113270724A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-17 | 电子科技大学 | High-gain wide-angle scanning multi-beam well lid antenna based on luneberg lens |
| CN113782981A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | A compact-field distributed plane wave generator based on Lumbert lens |
| RU2765570C1 (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-02-01 | Акционерное общество НАУЧНО-ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕ "АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ СВЯЗИ" | Irregular lens and a multibeam antenna system with two orthogonal polarizations based on it |
| IL299853A (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2024-08-01 | Over Sat Ltd | Satellite tracking system |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111244641A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-06-05 | 成都新光微波工程有限责任公司 | Be applied to low frequency channel 5G dominant MIMO luneberg lens antenna |
| CN111740774A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-10-02 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Low-orbit satellite communication switching device based on luneberg lens antenna |
| CN112436290A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-02 | 佛山蓝谱达科技有限公司 | Dielectric lens, antenna and application thereof |
| RU2765570C1 (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-02-01 | Акционерное общество НАУЧНО-ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕ "АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ СВЯЗИ" | Irregular lens and a multibeam antenna system with two orthogonal polarizations based on it |
| CN113206390A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-03 | 广州通则康威智能科技有限公司 | 5G-CPE high-gain double-Dragon-B lens antenna device and working method thereof |
| CN113270724A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-17 | 电子科技大学 | High-gain wide-angle scanning multi-beam well lid antenna based on luneberg lens |
| CN113270724B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-03-29 | 电子科技大学 | High-gain wide-angle scanning multi-beam manhole cover antenna based on Lumberg lens |
| CN113782981A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | A compact-field distributed plane wave generator based on Lumbert lens |
| IL299853A (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2024-08-01 | Over Sat Ltd | Satellite tracking system |
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