[go: up one dir, main page]

CN111007630B - Camera optics - Google Patents

Camera optics Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111007630B
CN111007630B CN201911338316.0A CN201911338316A CN111007630B CN 111007630 B CN111007630 B CN 111007630B CN 201911338316 A CN201911338316 A CN 201911338316A CN 111007630 B CN111007630 B CN 111007630B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
lens
curvature
radius
ttl
imaging optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201911338316.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN111007630A (en
Inventor
许民益
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chengrui Optics Changzhou Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Chengrui Optics Changzhou Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chengrui Optics Changzhou Co Ltd filed Critical Chengrui Optics Changzhou Co Ltd
Priority to CN201911338316.0A priority Critical patent/CN111007630B/en
Publication of CN111007630A publication Critical patent/CN111007630A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN111007630B publication Critical patent/CN111007630B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0015Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
    • G02B13/002Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
    • G02B13/0045Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having five or more lenses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/06Panoramic objectives; So-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of optical lenses, and discloses an image pickup optical lens, which sequentially comprises from an object side to an image side: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, and an eighth lens; and satisfies the following relationships: f1/f is more than or equal to 0.85 and less than or equal to 1.90; f2 is less than 0 mm; 3.50-13.50 of (R15+ R16)/(R15-R16); d13/d14 is more than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 1.80. The imaging optical lens of the invention has good optical performance such as large aperture, wide angle, ultra-thin and the like.

Description

Image pickup optical lens
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of optical lenses, and more particularly, to an imaging optical lens suitable for portable terminal devices such as smart phones and digital cameras, and imaging apparatuses such as monitors and PC lenses.
Background
In recent years, with the rise of smart phones, the demand of miniaturized camera lenses is increasing, and the photosensitive devices of general camera lenses are not limited to two types, namely, a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or a Complementary Metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Device, and due to the refinement of semiconductor manufacturing technology, the pixel size of the photosensitive devices is reduced, and in addition, the current electronic products are developed with a good function, a light weight, a small size, and a light weight, and thus, the miniaturized camera lenses with good imaging quality are the mainstream in the current market. In order to obtain better imaging quality, the lens mounted on the mobile phone camera conventionally adopts a three-piece or four-piece lens structure. Moreover, with the development of technology and the increase of diversified demands of users, under the condition that the pixel area of the photosensitive device is continuously reduced and the requirement of the system on the imaging quality is continuously improved, the eight-piece lens structure gradually appears in the design of the lens. It is highly desirable to provide a large aperture, wide angle, ultra-thin optical imaging lens having good optical performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an imaging optical lens that can satisfy the requirements of a large aperture, a wide angle of view, and an ultra-thin profile while achieving high imaging performance.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an imaging optical lens, in order from an object side to an image side, comprising: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, and an eighth lens;
the focal length of the imaging optical lens is f, the focal length of the first lens is f1, the focal length of the second lens is f2, the curvature radius of the object side surface of the eighth lens is R15, the curvature radius of the image side surface of the eighth lens is R16, the on-axis thickness of the seventh lens is d13, and the on-axis distance from the image side surface of the seventh lens to the object side surface of the eighth lens is d14, so that the following relational expression is satisfied:
0.85≤f1/f≤1.90;
f2<0mm;
3.50≤(R15+R16)/(R15-R16)≤13.50;
0.40≤d13/d14≤1.80。
preferably, the focal length of the fifth lens is f5, and the following relation is satisfied:
4.50≤f5/f≤20.00。
preferably, a curvature radius of an object-side surface of the first lens is R1, a curvature radius of an image-side surface of the first lens is R2, and an on-axis thickness of the first lens is d1, an optical total length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied:
-6.89≤(R1+R2)/(R1-R2)≤-0.72;
0.04≤d1/TTL≤0.16。
preferably, the curvature radius of the object-side surface of the second lens element is R3, the curvature radius of the image-side surface of the second lens element is R4, and the on-axis thickness of the second lens element is d3, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens system is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied:
-8.87≤f2/f≤-1.08;
1.42≤(R3+R4)/(R3-R4)≤13.51;
0.03≤d3/TTL≤0.15。
preferably, the focal length of the third lens is f3, the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the third lens is R5, the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the third lens is R6, and the on-axis thickness of the third lens is d5, the total optical length of the image pickup optical lens is TTL, and the following relationships are satisfied:
-109.73≤f3/f≤-12.46;
7.27≤(R5+R6)/(R5-R6)≤43.70;
0.01≤d5/TTL≤0.05。
preferably, the focal length of the fourth lens element is f4, the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is R7, the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the fourth lens element is R8, and the on-axis thickness of the fourth lens element is d7, the total optical length of the image pickup optical lens is TTL, and the following relationships are satisfied:
3.17≤f4/f≤72.73;
-4.38≤(R7+R8)/(R7-R8)≤1.40;
0.01≤d7/TTL≤0.08。
preferably, a curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fifth lens element is R9, a curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens element is R10, and an on-axis thickness of the fifth lens element is d9, an optical total length of the imaging optical lens system is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied:
-19.96≤(R9+R10)/(R9-R10)≤10.19;
0.02≤d9/TTL≤0.09。
preferably, the focal length of the sixth lens element is f6, the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the sixth lens element is R11, the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is R12, the on-axis thickness of the sixth lens element is d11, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens system is TTL, and the following relationships are satisfied:
-211.36≤f6/f≤9360.80;
-366.31≤(R11+R12)/(R11-R12)≤-3.53;
0.01≤d11/TTL≤0.07。
preferably, the focal length of the seventh lens element is f7, the on-axis radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is R13, the on-axis radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the seventh lens element is R14, and the total optical length of the imaging optical lens system is TTL and satisfies the following relationship:
0.64≤f7/f≤4.07;
-13.76≤(R13+R14)/(R13-R14)≤-0.72;
0.04≤d13/TTL≤0.24。
preferably, the focal length of the eighth lens element is f8, the on-axis thickness of the eighth lens element is d15, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied:
-23.31≤f8/f≤-1.44;
0.05≤d15/TTL≤0.18。
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the imaging optical lens according to the present invention has excellent optical characteristics, satisfies the requirements of a large aperture, a wide angle of view, and an ultra-thin profile, and is particularly suitable for a mobile phone camera lens module and a WEB camera lens which are constituted by high-pixel imaging elements such as CCDs and CMOSs.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an imaging optical lens according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial aberration diagram of the imaging optical lens of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of chromatic aberration of magnification of the imaging optical lens shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of curvature of field and distortion of the imaging optical lens of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an imaging optical lens according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic axial aberration diagram of the imaging optical lens of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of chromatic aberration of magnification of the imaging optical lens shown in fig. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of curvature of field and distortion of the imaging optical lens of FIG. 5;
fig. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of an imaging optical lens according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of axial aberrations of the image pickup optical lens shown in fig. 9;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of chromatic aberration of magnification of the imaging optical lens shown in fig. 9;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of curvature of field and distortion of the imaging optical lens shown in fig. 9.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention in its various embodiments. However, the technical solution claimed in the present invention can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.
(first embodiment)
Referring to the drawings, the present invention provides an image pickup optical lens 10. Fig. 1 shows an imaging optical lens 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and the imaging optical lens 10 includes eight lenses. Specifically, the imaging optical lens 10, in order from an object side to an image side, includes: the stop S1, the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, the fourth lens L4, the fifth lens L5, the sixth lens L6, the seventh lens L7, and the eighth lens L8. An optical element such as an optical filter (filter) GF may be disposed between the eighth lens L8 and the image plane Si.
Defining the focal length f of the entire image pickup optical lens 10 and the focal length f1 of the first lens L1, the following relations are satisfied: f1/f is more than or equal to 0.85 and less than or equal to 1.90, and the ratio of the focal length of the first lens to the total focal length of the system is specified in the range specified by the conditional expression, so that the spherical aberration and the field curvature of the system can be effectively balanced. Preferably, 0.85. ltoreq. f 1/f. ltoreq.1.79 is satisfied.
Defining the focal length of the second lens L2 as f2, the following relation is satisfied: f2 is less than 0, and the positive and negative of the focal length of the second lens are regulated, so that the system has better imaging quality and lower sensitivity through reasonable distribution of the focal length.
The curvature radius of the object side surface of the eighth lens L8 is R15, the curvature radius of the image side surface of the eighth lens L8 is R16, 3.50 (R15+ R16)/(R15-R16) is less than or equal to 13.50, and the shape of the eighth lens is defined, so that the deflection degree of light rays passing through the lens can be alleviated within the range defined by the conditional expression, and the aberration can be effectively reduced. Preferably, 3.52 ≦ (R15+ R16)/(R15-R16). ltoreq.12.76 is satisfied.
Defining an on-axis thickness of the seventh lens L7 as d13, an on-axis distance from an image-side surface of the seventh lens L7 to an object-side surface of the eighth lens L8 as d14, the following relationship is satisfied: d13/d14 is more than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 1.80, the ratio of the thickness of the seventh lens to the air space of the seventh eighth lens is specified, and the total length of the optical system is favorably compressed within the range of the conditional expressions, so that the ultrathin effect is realized. Preferably, 0.46. ltoreq. d13/d 14. ltoreq.1.79 is satisfied.
The focal length of the fifth lens L5 is f5, and the series relation is satisfied: f5/f is more than or equal to 4.50 and less than or equal to 20.00, the ratio of the focal length of the fifth lens to the total focal length of the system is specified in the range specified by the conditional expression, and the system has better imaging quality and lower sensitivity through reasonable distribution of the focal length. Preferably, 4.58. ltoreq. f 5/f. ltoreq.19.96 is satisfied.
When the focal length of the image pickup optical lens 10, the focal length of each lens, the on-axis distance from the image side surface to the object side surface of the relevant lens, and the on-axis thickness satisfy the above relation, the image pickup optical lens 10 can have high performance, and meet the design requirements of large aperture, wide angle, and ultra-thin.
The curvature radius of the object side surface of the first lens L1 is R1, the curvature radius of the image side surface of the first lens L1 is R2, -6.89 ≦ (R1+ R2)/(R1-R2) ≦ -0.72, the shape of the first lens L1 is defined, and when the conditional expression is within the defined range, the shape of the first lens L1 is favorably and reasonably controlled, so that the first lens L1 can effectively correct the system spherical aberration. Preferably, it satisfies-4.31 ≦ (R1+ R2)/(R1-R2). ltoreq.0.91.
The on-axis thickness of the first lens L1 is d1, the total optical length of the shooting optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied: d1/TTL is more than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.16, and ultra-thinning is favorably realized within the range specified by the conditional expression. Preferably, 0.07. ltoreq. d 1/TTL. ltoreq.0.13 is satisfied.
The focal length of the second lens L2 is f2, and the series relation is satisfied: 8.87 ≦ f2/f ≦ -1.08, and by controlling the negative power of the second lens L2 within a reasonable range, it is advantageous to correct aberrations of the optical system. Preferably, it satisfies-5.55. ltoreq. f 2/f. ltoreq-1.35.
The curvature radius of the object side surface of the second lens L2 is R3, the curvature radius of the image side surface of the second lens L2 is R4, the curvature radius of 1.42 (R3+ R4)/(R3-R4) is not more than 13.51, the shape of the second lens L2 is defined, and the chromatic aberration of the axis can be corrected favorably as the lens is changed to an ultra-thin wide angle within the range. Preferably, 2.26. ltoreq. (R3+ R4)/(R3-R4). ltoreq.10.81 is satisfied.
The on-axis thickness of the second lens L2 is d3, the total optical length of the shooting optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied: d3/TTL is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.15, and ultra-thinning is facilitated. Preferably, 0.04. ltoreq. d 3/TTL. ltoreq.0.12 is satisfied.
Defining the focal length f of the entire image pickup optical lens 10 and the focal length f3 of the third lens L3, the following relations are satisfied: -109.73 ≦ f3/f ≦ -12.46, which allows better imaging quality and lower sensitivity of the system by reasonable allocation of optical power within the conditional range. Preferably, -68.58. ltoreq. f 3/f. ltoreq-15.58.
The curvature radius of the object side surface of the third lens L3 is R5, the curvature radius of the image side surface of the third lens L3 is R6, 7.27 (R5+ R6)/(R5-R6) is 43.70 or less, the shape of the third lens L3 is defined, the shape of the third lens L3 can be effectively controlled, the third lens L3 is favorably molded, and the deflection degree of light rays passing through the lenses can be alleviated and the aberration can be effectively reduced within the range defined by a conditional expression. Preferably, 11.63 ≦ (R5+ R6)/(R5-R6). ltoreq. 34.96 is satisfied.
The on-axis thickness of the third lens L3 is d5, the total optical length of the shooting optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied: d5/TTL is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.05, and ultra-thinning is favorably realized within the specified range of the conditional expression. Preferably, 0.02. ltoreq. d 5/TTL. ltoreq.0.04 is satisfied.
The focal length of the fourth lens L4 is f4, and the series relation is satisfied: f4/f is not less than 3.17 and not more than 72.73, and the ratio of the focal length of the fourth lens L4 to the overall focal length is specified. When the optical power is within the specified range, the system has better imaging quality and lower sensitivity through reasonable distribution of the optical power. Preferably, 5.07 ≦ f4/f ≦ 58.18 is satisfied.
The curvature radius of the object side surface of the fourth lens L4 is R7, the curvature radius of the image side surface of the fourth lens L4 is R8, -4.38 ≤ (R7+ R8)/(R7-R8) ≤ 1.40, and the shape of the fourth lens L4 is defined, so that the problem of aberration of the off-axis angle can be corrected with the development of the ultra-thin and wide-angle in the conditional expression range. Preferably, it satisfies-2.74. ltoreq. (R7+ R8)/(R7-R8). ltoreq.1.12.
The on-axis thickness of the fourth lens L4 is d7, the total optical length of the shooting optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied: d7/TTL is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.08, and ultra-thinning is facilitated. Preferably, 0.02. ltoreq. d 7/TTL. ltoreq.0.07 is satisfied.
The curvature radius of the object side surface of the fifth lens L5 is R9, the curvature radius of the image side surface of the fifth lens L5 is R10, -19.96 ≤ (R9+ R10)/(R9-R10) is ≤ 10.19, and the shape of the fifth lens L5 is defined, so that the aberration of the off-axis angle can be corrected with the development of the ultra-thin and wide-angle in the conditional expression range. Preferably, it satisfies-12.48 ≦ (R9+ R10)/(R9-R10). ltoreq.8.15.
The on-axis thickness of the fifth lens L5 is d9, the total optical length of the shooting optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied: d9/TTL is more than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.09, and ultra-thinning is favorably realized within the range of conditional expressions. Preferably, 0.02. ltoreq. d 9/TTL. ltoreq.0.07 is satisfied.
The focal length of the sixth lens L6 is f6, and the series relation is satisfied: -211.36 ≦ f6/f ≦ 9360.80, which specifies the ratio of the focal length of the sixth lens L6 to the overall focal length. When the optical power is within the specified range, the system has better imaging quality and lower sensitivity through reasonable distribution of the optical power. Preferably, it satisfies-132.10 ≦ f6/f ≦ 7488.64.
The curvature radius of the object side surface of the sixth lens L6 is R11, the curvature radius of the image side surface of the sixth lens L6 is R12, -366.31 ≤ (R11+ R12)/(R11-R12) ≤ 3.53, and the shape of the sixth lens L6 is defined, so that the problem of aberration of the off-axis angle can be corrected with the development of a thin and wide angle within the conditional expression. Preferably, it satisfies-228.95 ≦ (R11+ R12)/(R11-R12). ltoreq.4.41.
The on-axis thickness of the sixth lens L6 is d11, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied: d11/TTL is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.07, and ultra-thinning is facilitated. Preferably, 0.02. ltoreq. d 11/TTL. ltoreq.0.06 is satisfied.
The focal length of the seventh lens L7 is f7, and the series relation is satisfied: f7/f is 0.64-4.07, which defines the ratio of the focal length of the seventh lens L7 to the overall focal length. When the optical power is within the specified range, the system has better imaging quality and lower sensitivity through reasonable distribution of the optical power. Preferably, 1.02. ltoreq. f 7/f. ltoreq.3.26 is satisfied.
The curvature radius R13 of the object side surface of the seventh lens L7 and the curvature radius R14 of the image side surface of the seventh lens L7 are defined, and the following relations are satisfied: 13.76 ≦ (R13+ R14)/(R13-R14) ≦ -0.72, and the shape of the seventh lens L7 is specified, and when the conditions are within the range, it is advantageous to correct the aberration of the off-axis view angle and the like as the ultra-thin wide angle is developed. Preferably, it satisfies-8.60 ≦ (R13+ R14)/(R13-R14). ltoreq.0.90.
The on-axis thickness of the seventh lens L7 is d13, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied: d13/TTL is more than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.24, and ultra-thinning is facilitated. Preferably, 0.06. ltoreq. d 13/TTL. ltoreq.0.19 is satisfied.
The focal length of the eighth lens L8 is f8, and the series relation is satisfied: -23.31 ≦ f8/f ≦ -1.44, defining the ratio of the focal length of the eighth lens L8 to the overall focal length. Through reasonable distribution of the optical power, the system has better imaging quality and lower sensitivity. Preferably, it satisfies-14.57. ltoreq. f 8/f. ltoreq-1.81.
The on-axis thickness of the eighth lens L8 is d15, the total optical length of the shooting optical lens is TTL, and the following relational expression is satisfied: d15/TTL is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.18, and ultra-thinning is facilitated. Preferably, 0.08. ltoreq. d 15/TTL. ltoreq.0.14 is satisfied.
In this embodiment, the combined focal length of the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 is defined as f12, and the following relation is satisfied: f12/f is not less than 0.68 and not more than 3.37, and within the range of the conditional expression, the aberration and distortion of the image pickup optical lens 10 can be eliminated, and the back focal length of the image pickup optical lens 10 can be suppressed, so as to keep the miniaturization of the image lens system. Preferably, 1.09. ltoreq. f 12/f. ltoreq.2.69.
In this embodiment, the ratio TTL/IH of the total optical length TTL to the image height of the image pickup optical lens 10 is less than or equal to 1.73, which is beneficial to achieving ultra-thinning.
In the present embodiment, the F-number (Fno) of the imaging optical lens 10 is 1.91 or less. The large aperture is large, and the imaging performance is good.
With such a design, the total optical length TTL of the entire imaging optical lens 10 can be made as short as possible, and the characteristic of miniaturization can be maintained.
The image pickup optical lens 10 of the present invention will be explained below by way of example. The symbols described in the respective examples are as follows. The unit of focal length, on-axis distance, curvature radius, on-axis thickness, position of reverse curvature and position of stagnation point is mm.
TTL: the total optical length (on-axis distance from the object side surface of the first lens L1 to the image forming surface) is in mm.
Preferably, the object side surface and/or the image side surface of the lens may be further provided with an inflection point and/or a stagnation point to meet the requirement of high-quality imaging. Tables 1 and 2 show design data of the imaging optical lens 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[ TABLE 1 ]
Figure GDA0003265429620000101
Figure GDA0003265429620000111
Wherein each symbol has the following meaning.
S1: an aperture;
r: the radius of curvature of the optical surface and the radius of curvature of the lens as the center;
r1: the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the first lens L1;
r2: the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the first lens L1;
r3: the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the second lens L2;
r4: the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the second lens L2;
r5: the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the third lens L3;
r6: the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the third lens L3;
r7: the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the fourth lens L4;
r8: the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the fourth lens L4;
r9: a radius of curvature of the object side surface of the fifth lens L5;
r10: a radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the fifth lens L5;
r11: a radius of curvature of the object side surface of the sixth lens L6;
r12: a radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the sixth lens L6;
r13: a radius of curvature of the object side surface of the seventh lens L7;
r14: a radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the seventh lens L7;
r15: a radius of curvature of the object side surface of the eighth lens L8;
r16: a radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the eighth lens L8;
r17: radius of curvature of the object side of the optical filter GF;
r18: the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the optical filter GF;
d: an on-axis thickness of the lenses and an on-axis distance between the lenses;
d 0: the on-axis distance of the stop S1 to the object-side surface of the first lens L1;
d 1: the on-axis thickness of the first lens L1;
d 2: the on-axis distance from the image-side surface of the first lens L1 to the object-side surface of the second lens L2;
d 3: the on-axis thickness of the second lens L2;
d 4: the on-axis distance from the image-side surface of the second lens L2 to the object-side surface of the third lens L3;
d 5: the on-axis thickness of the third lens L3;
d 6: the on-axis distance from the image-side surface of the third lens L3 to the object-side surface of the fourth lens L4;
d 7: the on-axis thickness of the fourth lens L4;
d 8: an on-axis distance from an image-side surface of the fourth lens L4 to an object-side surface of the fifth lens L5;
d 9: the on-axis thickness of the fifth lens L5;
d 10: an on-axis distance from an image-side surface of the fifth lens L5 to an object-side surface of the sixth lens L6;
d 11: the on-axis thickness of the sixth lens L6;
d 12: an on-axis distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens L6 to the object-side surface of the seventh lens L7;
d 13: the on-axis thickness of the seventh lens L7;
d 14: an on-axis distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens L7 to the object-side surface of the eighth lens L8;
d 15: the on-axis thickness of the eighth lens L8;
d 16: the on-axis distance from the image-side surface of the eighth lens L8 to the object-side surface of the optical filter GF;
d 17: on-axis thickness of the optical filter GF;
d 18: the on-axis distance from the image side surface of the optical filter GF to the image surface;
nd: the refractive index of the d-line;
nd 1: the refractive index of the d-line of the first lens L1;
nd 2: the refractive index of the d-line of the second lens L2;
nd 3: the refractive index of the d-line of the third lens L3;
nd 4: the refractive index of the d-line of the fourth lens L4;
nd 5: the refractive index of the d-line of the fifth lens L5;
nd 6: the refractive index of the d-line of the sixth lens L6;
nd 7: the refractive index of the d-line of the seventh lens L7;
nd 8: the refractive index of the d-line of the eighth lens L8;
ndg: the refractive index of the d-line of the optical filter GF;
vd: an Abbe number;
v 1: abbe number of the first lens L1;
v 2: abbe number of the second lens L2;
v 3: abbe number of the third lens L3;
v 4: abbe number of the fourth lens L4;
v 5: abbe number of the fifth lens L5;
v 6: abbe number of the sixth lens L6;
v 7: abbe number of the seventh lens L7;
v8: abbe number of the eighth lens L8;
vg: abbe number of the optical filter GF.
Table 2 shows aspherical surface data of each lens in the imaging optical lens 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[ TABLE 2 ]
Figure GDA0003265429620000141
Wherein k is a conic coefficient, and A4, A6, A8, A10, A12, A14 and A16 are aspheric coefficients.
IH: image height
y=(x2/R)/[1+{1-(k+1)(x2/R2)}1/2]+A4x4+A6x6+A8x8+A10x10+A12x12+A14x14+A16x16 (1)
For convenience, the aspherical surface of each lens surface uses the aspherical surface shown in the above formula (1). However, the present invention is not limited to the aspherical polynomial form expressed by this formula (1).
Tables 3 and 4 show the inflection point and stagnation point design data of each lens in the imaging optical lens 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. P1R1 and P1R2 represent the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the first lens L1, P2R1 and P2R2 represent the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the second lens L2, P3R1 and P3R2 represent the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the third lens L3, P4R1 and P4R2 represent the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fourth lens L4, P5R1 and P5R2 represent the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fifth lens L5, P6R1 and P6R2 represent the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the sixth lens L6, and P7R1 and P7R2 represent the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the seventh lens L7, respectively. P8R1 and P8R2 represent the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the eighth lens L8, respectively. The "inflection point position" field correspondence data is a vertical distance from an inflection point set on each lens surface to the optical axis of the image pickup optical lens 10. The "stagnation point position" field corresponding data is the vertical distance from the stagnation point set on each lens surface to the optical axis of the imaging optical lens 10.
[ TABLE 3 ]
Number of points of inflection Position of reverse curvature 1 Position of reverse curvature 2 Position of reverse curvature 3 Position of reverse curve 4
P1R1
P1R2 3 0.145 0.475 0.935
P2R1 1 0.735
P2R2
P3R1 2 0.575 0.665
P3R2 2 0.545 0.775
P4R1 1 0.075
P4R2
P5R1
P5R2
P6R1
P6R2
P7R1 1 0.785
P7R2 2 0.735 1.985
P8R1 4 0.315 1.245 2.035 2.525
P8R2 1 0.535
[ TABLE 4 ]
Number of stagnation points Location of stagnation 1 Location of stagnation 2 Location of stagnation 3
P1R1
P1R2 2 0.275 0.605
P2R1 1 0.915
P2R2
P3R1
P3R2
P4R1 1 0.115
P4R2
P5R1
P5R2
P6R1
P6R2
P7R1 1 1.235
P7R2 1 0.955
P8R1 3 0.575 1.905 2.185
P8R2 1 1.175 0
Fig. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams showing axial aberrations and chromatic aberration of magnification of light having wavelengths of 486nm, 588nm, and 656nm passing through the imaging optical lens 10 according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing curvature of field and distortion of light having a wavelength of 588nm after passing through the imaging optical lens 10 according to the first embodiment, where S is curvature of field in the sagittal direction and T is curvature of field in the tangential direction in fig. 4.
Table 13 shown later shows values of various numerical values in examples 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to the parameters specified in the conditional expressions.
As shown in table 13, the first embodiment satisfies each conditional expression.
In the present embodiment, the imaging optical lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 1.911mm, a full field image height of 2.90mm, a diagonal field angle of 74.60 °, a large aperture, a wide angle, and a high profile, and has excellent optical characteristics with on-axis and off-axis chromatic aberration sufficiently corrected.
(second embodiment)
The second embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and only different points will be described below.
Tables 5 and 6 show design data of the imaging optical lens 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[ TABLE 5 ]
Figure GDA0003265429620000161
Figure GDA0003265429620000171
Table 6 shows aspherical surface data of each lens in the imaging optical lens 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[ TABLE 6 ]
Figure GDA0003265429620000172
Tables 7 and 8 show the inflection point and stagnation point design data of each lens in the imaging optical lens 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[ TABLE 7 ]
Figure GDA0003265429620000173
Figure GDA0003265429620000181
[ TABLE 8 ]
Number of stagnation points Location of stagnation 1 Location of stagnation 2
P1R1
P1R2
P2R1 1 0.835
P2R2 1 0.895
P3R1
P3R2
P4R1 1 0.135
P4R2
P5R1 1 0.755
P5R2 1 0.475
P6R1
P6R2 1 1.195
P7R1 1 1.045
P7R2 1 1.145
P8R1 2 0.635 1.705
P8R2 2 0.985 2.265
Fig. 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams showing axial aberrations and chromatic aberration of magnification of light having wavelengths of 486nm, 588nm and 656nm passing through the imaging optical lens 20 according to the second embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing curvature of field and distortion of light having a wavelength of 588nm after passing through the imaging optical lens 20 according to the second embodiment.
As shown in table 13, the second embodiment satisfies each conditional expression.
In the present embodiment, the imaging optical lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 1.889mm, a full field image height of 2.90mm, a diagonal field angle of 76.51 °, a large aperture, a wide angle, and a high profile, and has excellent optical characteristics with on-axis and off-axis chromatic aberration sufficiently corrected.
(third embodiment)
The third embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and only different points will be described below.
Tables 9 and 10 show design data of the imaging optical lens 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[ TABLE 9 ]
Figure GDA0003265429620000191
Table 10 shows aspherical surface data of each lens in the imaging optical lens 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[ TABLE 10 ]
Figure GDA0003265429620000192
Figure GDA0003265429620000201
Tables 11 and 12 show the inflection points and the stagnation point design data of each lens in the imaging optical lens 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[ TABLE 11 ]
Number of points of inflection Position of reverse curvature 1 Position of reverse curvature 2 Position of reverse curvature 3
P1R1
P1R2 1 0.915
P2R1 1 0.755
P2R2
P3R1 3 0.595 0.765 1.085
P3R2 2 0.555 0.935
P4R1 2 0.075 0.675
P4R2 2 0.045 0.745
P5R1 1 0.605
P5R2 1 0.525
P6R1
P6R2
P7R1 3 0.555 1.405 1.655
P7R2 3 0.475 1.505 1.835
P8R1 3 0.385 1.875 2.265
P8R2 3 0.565 2.305 2.575
[ TABLE 12 ]
Figure GDA0003265429620000202
Figure GDA0003265429620000211
Fig. 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams showing axial aberrations and chromatic aberration of magnification of light having wavelengths of 486nm, 588nm, and 656nm passing through the imaging optical lens 30 according to the third embodiment. Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing curvature of field and distortion of light having a wavelength of 588nm after passing through the imaging optical lens 30 according to the third embodiment.
Table 13 below shows the numerical values corresponding to the respective conditional expressions in the present embodiment, in accordance with the conditional expressions described above. Obviously, the imaging optical system of the present embodiment satisfies the above conditional expressions.
In the present embodiment, the imaging optical lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 2.077mm, a full field image height of 2.90mm, a diagonal field angle of 71.00 °, a large aperture, a wide angle, and a high profile, and has excellent optical characteristics with on-axis and off-axis chromatic aberration sufficiently corrected.
[ TABLE 13 ]
Parameter and condition formula Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
f1/f 0.86 1.68 1.35
(R15+R16)/(R15-R16) 3.53 8.44 12.02
d13/d14 1.23 1.79 0.52
f 3.631 3.589 3.947
f1 3.104 6.028 5.314
f2 -5.898 -15.924 -13.767
f3 -199.217 -67.091 -86.349
f4 23.023 163.923 191.376
f5 72.294 16.693 21.717
f6 -10.050 22397.279 -417.127
f7 4.616 6.936 10.711
f8 -7.866 -28.173 -46.004
f12 4.942 8.058 7.171
Fno 1.90 1.90 1.90
Fno is the F-number of the diaphragm of the image pickup optical lens.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific embodiments for practicing the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.

Claims (9)

1.一种摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述摄像光学镜头共包括八片透镜,所述八片透镜自物侧至像侧依序为:一具有正屈折力的第一透镜,一具有负屈折力的第二透镜,一具有负屈折力的第三透镜,一具有正屈折力的第四透镜,一具有正屈折力的第五透镜,第六透镜,一具有正屈折力的第七透镜,以及一具有负屈折力的第八透镜;1. a photographic optical lens, it is characterized in that, described photographic optical lens comprises eight lenses altogether, and described eight lenses are sequentially from the object side to the image side: one has the first lens of positive refractive power, one has The second lens with negative refractive power, the third lens with negative refractive power, the fourth lens with positive refractive power, the fifth lens with positive refractive power, the sixth lens, and the seventh lens with positive refractive power lens, and an eighth lens with negative refractive power; 所述摄像光学镜头的焦距为f,所述第一透镜的焦距为f1,所述第二透镜的焦距为f2,所述第八透镜物侧面的曲率半径为R15,所述第八透镜像侧面的曲率半径为R16,所述第七透镜的轴上厚度为d13,所述第七透镜的像侧面到所述第八透镜的物侧面的轴上距离为d14,满足下列关系式:The focal length of the imaging optical lens is f, the focal length of the first lens is f1, the focal length of the second lens is f2, the radius of curvature of the object side of the eighth lens is R15, and the image side of the eighth lens is The radius of curvature is R16, the on-axis thickness of the seventh lens is d13, and the on-axis distance from the image side of the seventh lens to the object side of the eighth lens is d14, which satisfies the following relationship: 0.85≤f1/f≤1.90;0.85≤f1/f≤1.90; f2<0mm;f2<0mm; 3.50≤(R15+R16)/(R15-R16)≤13.50;3.50≤(R15+R16)/(R15-R16)≤13.50; 0.40≤d13/d14≤1.80;0.40≤d13/d14≤1.80; 所述第五透镜的焦距为f5,且满足下列关系式:The focal length of the fifth lens is f5 and satisfies the following relationship: 4.50≤f5/f≤20.00。4.50≤f5/f≤20.00. 2.根据权利要求1所述的摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述第一透镜物侧面的曲率半径为R1,所述第一透镜像侧面的曲率半径为R2,以及所述第一透镜的轴上厚度为d1,所述摄像光学镜头的光学总长为TTL,且满足下列关系式:2 . The imaging optical lens according to claim 1 , wherein the radius of curvature of the object side of the first lens is R1 , the radius of curvature of the image side of the first lens is R2 , and the radius of curvature of the first lens is R2 . The thickness on the axis is d1, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied: -6.89≤(R1+R2)/(R1-R2)≤-0.72;-6.89≤(R1+R2)/(R1-R2)≤-0.72; 0.04≤d1/TTL≤0.16。0.04≤d1/TTL≤0.16. 3.根据权利要求1所述的摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述第二透镜物侧面的曲率半径为R3,所述第二透镜像侧面的曲率半径为R4,以及所述第二透镜的轴上厚度为d3,所述摄像光学镜头的光学总长为TTL,且满足下列关系式:3. The imaging optical lens according to claim 1, wherein the radius of curvature of the object side of the second lens is R3, the radius of curvature of the image side of the second lens is R4, and the radius of curvature of the second lens is R4. The thickness on the axis is d3, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied: -8.87≤f2/f≤-1.08;-8.87≤f2/f≤-1.08; 1.42≤(R3+R4)/(R3-R4)≤13.51;1.42≤(R3+R4)/(R3-R4)≤13.51; 0.03≤d3/TTL≤0.15。0.03≤d3/TTL≤0.15. 4.根据权利要求1所述的摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述第三透镜的焦距为f3,所述第三透镜物侧面的曲率半径为R5,所述第三透镜像侧面的曲率半径为R6,以及所述第三透镜的轴上厚度为d5,所述摄像光学镜头的光学总长为TTL,且满足下列关系式:4 . The imaging optical lens according to claim 1 , wherein the focal length of the third lens is f3 , the radius of curvature of the object side of the third lens is R5 , and the radius of curvature of the image side of the third lens is R5 . is R6, and the on-axis thickness of the third lens is d5, the optical total length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and satisfies the following relationship: -109.73≤f3/f≤-12.46;-109.73≤f3/f≤-12.46; 7.27≤(R5+R6)/(R5-R6)≤43.70;7.27≤(R5+R6)/(R5-R6)≤43.70; 0.01≤d5/TTL≤0.05。0.01≤d5/TTL≤0.05. 5.根据权利要求1所述的摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述第四透镜的焦距为f4,所述第四透镜物侧面的曲率半径为R7,所述第四透镜像侧面的曲率半径为R8,以及所述第四透镜的轴上厚度为d7,所述摄像光学镜头的光学总长为TTL,且满足下列关系式:5 . The imaging optical lens according to claim 1 , wherein the focal length of the fourth lens is f4 , the radius of curvature of the object side of the fourth lens is R7 , and the radius of curvature of the image side of the fourth lens is R7 . is R8, and the axial thickness of the fourth lens is d7, the optical total length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied: 3.17≤f4/f≤72.73;3.17≤f4/f≤72.73; -4.38≤(R7+R8)/(R7-R8)≤1.40;-4.38≤(R7+R8)/(R7-R8)≤1.40; 0.01≤d7/TTL≤0.08。0.01≤d7/TTL≤0.08. 6.根据权利要求1所述的摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述第五透镜物侧面的曲率半径为R9,所述第五透镜像侧面的曲率半径为R10,以及所述第五透镜的轴上厚度为d9,所述摄像光学镜头的光学总长为TTL,且满足下列关系式:6 . The imaging optical lens according to claim 1 , wherein the radius of curvature of the object side of the fifth lens is R9, the radius of curvature of the image side of the fifth lens is R10, and the radius of curvature of the fifth lens is R10. The thickness on the axis is d9, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied: -19.96≤(R9+R10)/(R9-R10)≤10.19;-19.96≤(R9+R10)/(R9-R10)≤10.19; 0.02≤d9/TTL≤0.09。0.02≤d9/TTL≤0.09. 7.根据权利要求1所述的摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述第六透镜的焦距为f6,所述第六透镜物侧面的曲率半径为R11,所述第六透镜像侧面的曲率半径为R12,所述第六透镜的轴上厚度为d11,所述摄像光学镜头的光学总长为TTL,且满足下列关系式:7 . The imaging optical lens according to claim 1 , wherein the focal length of the sixth lens is f6 , the radius of curvature of the object side of the sixth lens is R11 , and the radius of curvature of the image side of the sixth lens is R11 . is R12, the on-axis thickness of the sixth lens is d11, the total optical length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied: -211.36≤f6/f≤9360.80;-211.36≤f6/f≤9360.80; -366.31≤(R11+R12)/(R11-R12)≤-3.53;-366.31≤(R11+R12)/(R11-R12)≤-3.53; 0.01≤d11/TTL≤0.07。0.01≤d11/TTL≤0.07. 8.根据权利要求1所述的摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述第七透镜的焦距为f7,所述第七透镜物侧面的轴上曲率半径为R13,所述第七透镜像侧面的轴上曲率半径为R14,所述摄像光学镜头的光学总长为TTL,且满足下列关系式:8 . The imaging optical lens according to claim 1 , wherein the focal length of the seventh lens is f7 , the on-axis curvature radius of the object side of the seventh lens is R13 , and the image side of the seventh lens has a radius of R13 . The curvature radius on the axis is R14, the optical total length of the imaging optical lens is TTL, and the following relationship is satisfied: 0.64≤f7/f≤4.07;0.64≤f7/f≤4.07; -13.76≤(R13+R14)/(R13-R14)≤-0.72;-13.76≤(R13+R14)/(R13-R14)≤-0.72; 0.04≤d13/TTL≤0.24。0.04≤d13/TTL≤0.24. 9.根据权利要求1所述的摄像光学镜头,其特征在于,所述第八透镜的焦距为f8,以及所述第八透镜的轴上厚度为d15,所述摄像光学镜头的光学总长为TTL,且满足下列关系式:9 . The imaging optical lens according to claim 1 , wherein the focal length of the eighth lens is f8, the on-axis thickness of the eighth lens is d15, and the optical total length of the imaging optical lens is TTL , and satisfy the following relation: -23.31≤f8/f≤-1.44;-23.31≤f8/f≤-1.44; 0.05≤d15/TTL≤0.18。0.05≤d15/TTL≤0.18.
CN201911338316.0A 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Camera optics Expired - Fee Related CN111007630B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911338316.0A CN111007630B (en) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Camera optics

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911338316.0A CN111007630B (en) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Camera optics

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111007630A CN111007630A (en) 2020-04-14
CN111007630B true CN111007630B (en) 2021-12-14

Family

ID=70117729

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201911338316.0A Expired - Fee Related CN111007630B (en) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Camera optics

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111007630B (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109343205A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-02-15 浙江舜宇光学有限公司 Optical imaging lens
CN109407282A (en) * 2015-08-11 2019-03-01 大立光电股份有限公司 Image capturing lens assembly and image capturing device
CN110850559A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-02-28 玉晶光电(厦门)有限公司 Optical imaging lens
CN111025540A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-17 玉晶光电(厦门)有限公司 Optical imaging lens

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109407282A (en) * 2015-08-11 2019-03-01 大立光电股份有限公司 Image capturing lens assembly and image capturing device
CN109343205A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-02-15 浙江舜宇光学有限公司 Optical imaging lens
CN110850559A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-02-28 玉晶光电(厦门)有限公司 Optical imaging lens
CN111025540A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-17 玉晶光电(厦门)有限公司 Optical imaging lens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111007630A (en) 2020-04-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN111025533B (en) Camera optics
CN110927930B (en) Image pickup optical lens
CN111007627B (en) Camera optics
CN111077649B (en) Camera optics
CN110955025B (en) Camera optics
CN111007637B (en) Camera optics
CN110908081B (en) Camera optics
CN111077650B (en) Camera optics
CN110908083B (en) Camera optics
CN111025588B (en) Camera optics
CN110908091B (en) Camera optics
CN110908082B (en) Camera optics
CN111025592B (en) Camera optics
CN111025560B (en) Image pickup optical lens
CN111142224B (en) Image pickup optical lens
CN110908090B (en) Camera optics
CN111025555B (en) Camera optics
CN111142227B (en) Camera optics
CN111025556B (en) Camera optics
CN111025559B (en) Image pickup optical lens
CN110908085B (en) Camera optics
CN111007630B (en) Camera optics
CN111025590A (en) Image pickup optical lens
CN111025554B (en) Camera optics
CN111025553B (en) Camera optics

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
CB02 Change of applicant information

Address after: 213000 Xinwei 1st Road, Changzhou Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Jiangsu Province

Applicant after: Chengrui optics (Changzhou) Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 213000 Xinwei Road, Changzhou Export Processing Zone, Jiangsu Province

Applicant before: Ruisheng Communication Technology (Changzhou) Co.,Ltd.

CB02 Change of applicant information
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20211214

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee