Background
Nowadays, electromagnetic fields play a vital role in human society, and they are flooded in our lives, such as: mobile phones, microwave ovens, etc. in electronic products; maglev trains in public transport; nuclear magnetic resonance in medical devices; magnetic fields for geological exploration, quantum simulation magneto-optical traps in scientific research, and the like. In these applications, the electromagnetic field plays an important role, and in order to improve the automation and intelligence of the system, an automatic magnetic field feedback device is created, and automatic magnetic field current feedback devices of different principles and technologies have different characteristics and are suitable for different application scenes.
For experimental systems of quantum optics, quantum information and cold atom physics, the commonly used method of controlling the magnetic field: the coil system is provided with only three modules (a reference control signal module, a voltage driving module and a magnetic field coil) to form a working loop, wherein the voltage driving module directly supplies power to the magnetic field coil to form a loop, firstly, the reference control signal module outputs a reference voltage signal, then the reference voltage signal is input to a receiving end of the voltage driving module, the output voltage of the voltage driving module can be regulated and controlled by changing the voltage of the reference signal, and therefore the current passing through the coil or the magnetic field output by the coil can be indirectly regulated and controlled. This solution is very easy to operate, but it has two very significant drawbacks: first, the system does not monitor the current in the coil in real time, which can cause serious deviations in the value of the output magnetic field. This is because, at the same voltage, if the resistance of the coil is different, the current is also different, and thus the value of the magnetic field output from the coil is also different. For example: in practical applications, the resistance of the coil will change with external parameters such as temperature, and thus the value of the magnetic field output by this method will deviate. These magnetic field deviations are negligible in some applications, for example: microwave ovens in life, etc., but this approach is not advisable if applied to fine scientific research; secondly, the system has certain potential safety hazard. The system directly utilizes weak current to control strong current (a reference voltage signal controls a voltage driving module), and the operation method and the device not only have great potential safety hazards, but also are very easy to burn out weak current circuits (for example, when the whole electronic loop has problems, the strong current can reversely influence the weak current system, even break down or damage the weak current system), but generally, the weak current circuits are high-precision analog control cards, are very expensive and fragile, and are important protection objects.
Therefore, on the basis of the prior art, there is an urgent need to develop a method and a device for automatically feeding back magnetic field current, which can realize real-time current monitoring, high safety and strong and weak current separation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a safe and automatic magnetic field current feedback device and a method, aiming at the problems that the existing circuit has no real-time current monitoring and the circuit system has great potential safety hazard.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a safe, automated magnetic field current feedback device, comprising the following modules:
the device comprises a reference control signal module, a feedback control circuit module, a strong and weak current isolation circuit module, a voltage driving module, a current control module, a high-precision Hall sensor module and a feedback magnetic field coil;
the feedback control circuit module comprises: a sampling comparison module and a PI circuit;
the high-precision hall sensor module comprises: the high-precision Hall sensor, strong and weak current optical isolation circuit and sampling resistor.
The reference control signal module is used for outputting a control signal, the reference control signal module is connected with an Input end B of the sampling comparison module, another Input end A of the sampling comparison module is connected with the sampling resistor so as to Output a comparison signal, the sampling comparison module is connected with the PI circuit through a resistor R5 so as to generate a corresponding error control signal, then the PI circuit is connected with the strong and weak current isolation circuit module through a resistor R7, the strong and weak current isolation circuit module converts the error control signal and outputs the error control signal from an Output port, and the error control signal is connected to a base electrode of the current control module and used for controlling a real-time current flowing into a coil; a collector of the current control module is connected with a positive electrode V + of the voltage driving module, and the voltage driving module can provide constant voltage of 0-120V; an emitter of the current control module is connected with one end of a feedback magnetic field coil through a lead, the lead penetrates through a central hole of the high-precision Hall sensor, and the other end of the feedback magnetic field coil is connected with a negative electrode V-of the voltage driving module to form a loop; the high-precision Hall sensor can acquire real-time current signals in a lead penetrating through the central hole, then the acquired current signals are input into a port 1 of the strong and weak current optical isolation circuit through the positive pole of the high-precision Hall sensor, and then a port 2 of the strong and weak current optical isolation circuit is connected with the negative pole of the high-precision Hall sensor, so that a loop is formed; the port 4 of the strong and weak electro-optical isolation circuit outputs the converted weak electric signal, is connected with the sampling resistor, converts the weak electric signal into a voltage signal, and is then connected to the Input A of the sampling comparison module to generate an error control signal, so that an automatic feedback control magnetic field is achieved, and a whole electronic feedback loop is formed.
Further, the sampling comparison module comprises a double-pole double-throw switch SW1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a sliding rheostat RV1, a capacitor C1 and an operational amplifier I1, wherein the Input end of the double-pole double-throw switch SW1 is connected with Input B and GND respectively, and the output end of the double-pole double-throw switch SW1 is divided into two states: in the first state, an InputB signal is connected with a resistor R1, and GND is connected with a resistor R2; in the second state: the Input B signal is connected with a resistor R2, and GND is connected with a resistor R1; the inverting input port 2 of the operational amplifier I1 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R1, a resistor R4 and a capacitor C1, the non-inverting input port 3 of the operational amplifier I1 is respectively connected with the other end of a resistor R2 and one end of a resistor R3, the other end of a resistor R3 is connected with GND, a port 1 and a port 5 of the operational amplifier I1 are bias voltage adjusting ends and are both connected with a fixed resistor end of a slide rheostat RV1, a resistor slide sheet of the slide rheostat RV1 is connected with a +15V power supply, a port 7 of the operational amplifier I1 is connected with the +15V power supply, and a port 4 of the operational amplifier I1 is connected with the-15V power supply; the signal output port 6 of the operational amplifier I1 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R4, the other end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the resistor R5; the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to one end of the resistor R6 and the inverting Input port 2 of the operational amplifier I2, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to Input a.
Further, the PI circuit comprises an operational amplifier I2, a resistor R8, a diode D1, a capacitor C2 and a sliding rheostat RV2, wherein an inverting input port 2 of the operational amplifier I2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R5, one end of the resistor R6, one end of the resistor R8 and one end of the diode D1, a non-inverting input port 3 of the operational amplifier I2 is connected with GND, a port 1 and a port 5 of the operational amplifier I2 are bias voltage adjusting ends and are both connected with a fixed resistor end of the sliding rheostat RV2, a resistor slide of the sliding rheostat RV2 is connected with a +15V power supply, and a port 7 and a port 4 of the operational amplifier I2 are respectively connected with the +15V power supply and the-15V power supply; the signal output port 6 of the operational amplifier I2 is connected to one end of a resistor R7, one end of a capacitor C2, and the other end of a diode D1, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the other end of a capacitor C2.
Further, the strong and weak galvanic isolation circuit module comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R9 and a high common mode voltage difference amplifier I3, wherein the non-inverting input port 3 of the high common mode voltage difference amplifier I3 is connected with the other end of the resistor R7; the inverting input port 2 of the high common mode voltage difference amplifier I3 is connected with GND, the power port 7 of the high common mode voltage difference amplifier I3 is connected with the positive pole of a +15V power supply, the power port 4 of the high common mode voltage difference amplifier I3 is connected with the negative pole of a-15V power supply, the ports 1 and 5 of the high common mode voltage difference amplifier I3 are both connected with GND, the signal Output port 6 of the high common mode voltage difference amplifier I3 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 outputs a feedback control signal which is an Output signal.
Furthermore, the output voltages of the reference control signal module and the high-precision Hall sensor module are both less than 13 volts;
the measuring range of the high-precision Hall sensor is slightly larger than the range of the actual coil current;
the sampling resistor is a resistor which can be adjusted at will, and different application conditions are met.
Furthermore, the circuits of the reference control signal module, the feedback control circuit module, the strong and weak current isolation circuit module, the strong and weak current optical isolation circuit and the sampling resistor are weak current, the voltage range is-15V- +15V, and the total current range is 0-1A;
the voltage driving module, the current control module, the high-precision Hall sensor and the feedback magnetic field coil are strong currents, the voltage range is 0-120V, and the total current range is 0-200A.
A safe, automated method of feeding back field current: firstly, looking up and acquiring the output voltage range of a reference control signal module, then calculating the size of a sampling resistor, and selecting and installing a proper sampling resistor; setting a voltage signal of a reference control signal module, inputting the voltage signal to a sampling comparison module, comparing the voltage signal of the reference control signal module with the output voltage of a high-precision Hall sensor module by the sampling comparison module to obtain an error signal, inputting the error signal to a PI circuit, and finally obtaining a feedback voltage signal; inputting the feedback voltage signal into a strong and weak current isolation circuit module, performing strong and weak current separation, and outputting a corresponding control signal;
then the current control module receives a control signal to regulate and control the real-time current in the coil; the high-precision Hall sensor in the high-precision Hall sensor module can monitor and collect current signals flowing into the feedback magnetic field coil in real time, the high-precision Hall sensor module converts the current signals into weak-current voltage signals by using a strong-current optical isolation circuit and a sampling resistor, the voltage signals are in direct proportion to the current in the feedback magnetic field coil and then input into the sampling comparison module, and then error control signals are generated, so that the current in the feedback control coil can be automatically fed back.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention can utilize the existing experimental instrument and equipment to realize the automatic magnetic field current feedback device with lower cost, and can be used as a small instrument to be applied to all experimental systems of quantum optics, quantum information and cold atom physics.
2. According to the invention, the high-precision Hall sensor is used for collecting the real-time current signal in the coil, so that an error control signal is generated and then negatively fed back to the current control loop, and the precision, the anti-interference performance and the stability of the magnetic field system are improved.
3. The invention adopts the strong and weak current isolation module to separate strong current from weak current, thereby improving the safety of the automatic feedback magnetic field current system. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, a magnetic field with the accuracy of 1 milligauss and high stability can be obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the safe, automated magnetic field current feedback device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feedback control circuit and a strong and weak galvanic isolation circuit according to the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
the device comprises a reference control signal module, a sampling comparison module, a PI (proportional-integral) circuit, a feedback control circuit module, a strong and weak current isolation circuit module, a voltage driving module, a current control module, a high-precision Hall sensor, a 10 strong and weak current optical isolation circuit, a 11 sampling resistor and a 12 feedback magnetic field coil, wherein the reference control signal module is 2, the sampling comparison module is 3, the PI circuit is 4, the feedback control circuit module is 5, the strong and weak current isolation circuit module is 6, the voltage driving module is 7.
Description of specific devices: SW1 is a double-pole double-throw switch; r1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are resistors; c1 and C2 are capacitors; RV1 and RV2 are slide rheostats; d1 is a diode; i1, I2 and I3 are packaged specific chips.
Example 2
The embodiment is a safe and automatic method for feeding back magnetic field current, which comprises the following steps: firstly, looking up and acquiring the output voltage range of the reference control signal module 1, then calculating the size of the sampling resistor 11, and selecting and installing a proper sampling resistor; setting a reference control voltage signal 1, inputting the reference control voltage signal 1 into a sampling comparison module 2, namely an Input A of Part4 in FIG. 2, comparing the reference control voltage 1 with an output voltage of a high-precision Hall sensor module 8 by the sampling comparison module to obtain an error signal, inputting the error signal into a PI circuit 3, and finally obtaining a feedback voltage signal; inputting the signal into a strong and weak current isolation circuit module 5, performing strong and weak current separation, and outputting a corresponding control signal, wherein the module realizes the function of controlling strong current by weak current, and corresponds to an Output signal of Part5 in fig. 2; then the current control module 7 receives a control signal, so as to regulate and control the real-time current in the coil; the high-precision hall sensor 9 in the high-precision hall sensor module 8 monitors and collects a current signal flowing into the feedback magnetic field coil 12 in real time, converts the current signal into a weak current voltage signal by using the strong and weak current optical isolation circuit 10 and the sampling resistor 11, and inputs the weak current voltage signal into the sampling comparison module 2, namely, the sampling comparison module inputs the weak current voltage signal into Input B of Part4 in fig. 2, so as to generate an error signal; a feedback magnetic field coil for generating a stable, precise magnetic field, which is then used for scientific research and practical applications.
The feedback control circuit and the strong and weak current isolation circuit are shown in fig. 2, and a single-pole double-throw switch SW1 can adapt to positive voltage or negative voltage input; when the circuit is used for the first time, inputting zero voltage into Input A, inputting no Input signal into Input B, then observing the Output signal of Part5, and setting the Output voltage signal of the feedback control circuit to be zero by adjusting the slide resistors RV1 and RV 2; by adjusting the resistance ratio of R5/R6, different voltage input ranges can be changed and adapted.
The embodiments are described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and examples, and various changes and modifications within the knowledge of those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention.