CN110984791B - Folding escape door for passenger car and passenger car with escape door - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a folding escape door for passenger cars and a passenger car with the escape door. The folding escape door includes a driving mechanism, an air supply mechanism and an action mechanism, and each component is connected through mechanical means or pneumatic passages. It mainly solves the problem that the escape doors currently installed on buses cannot slide down and open automatically and are too high from the ground. This pneumatically driven folding bus escape door will automatically pop open and slide down after the door is opened, and will be folded in sections through the folding mechanism to form a ladder shape for passengers to escape and descend, which can reduce the danger during the escape process. , improve escape efficiency.

Description

A folding escape door for passenger cars and a passenger car with an escape door

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of passenger car manufacturing, and specifically relates to a folding escape door for a passenger car and a passenger car with an escape door.

Background technique

Operating passenger buses have a large passenger capacity, which is limited by the space inside the vehicle. Fully loaded buses are places with highly dense crowds. The dense arrangement of seats makes the passage space left for passengers to walk even narrower. In addition, the limited capacity of the doors and the need to get off the bus are limited. Passengers must pass through steps when evacuating, which makes bus passengers prone to congestion when evacuating. As a result, when an accident occurs, the evacuation efficiency is reduced, making it impossible for passengers to escape in time, and may cause stampede accidents, causing casualties and aggravating accident injuries.

Based on the above characteristics, when a bus accident occurs, whether passengers can escape safely often depends on the escape device on the bus. The escape device becomes the last guarantee for the lives of passengers. Common escape devices now include safety hammers, escape windows, escape doors, etc. Due to the usual lack of effective training, passengers are very unfamiliar when using the safety hammer. In addition, if the safety hammer is lost or damaged, the actual escape efficiency is often not high. Escape windows have a very limited space capacity and are generally set at a high height. Passengers often need to complete a series of complex actions such as climbing up the window, pushing the window, and climbing over the window before escaping, which greatly affects the safety of passengers. Delayed escape time. In addition, the act of jumping out of the window itself is highly dangerous, which also makes many passengers feel fearful during the actual escape. This makes the status of the escape door even more important. However, there are still many problems in the existing escape door technology, as detailed below.

According to GB/T 13049-91 "General Technical Conditions for Passenger Cars", passenger cars with a body length greater than 7 meters must have at least one safety exit on each side, which refers to the escape door. This standard does not clearly stipulate the location of escape doors, so escape doors need to be set up reasonably. There are generally two passenger doors for city buses, one is the upper door and the other is the lower door. They are both on the right side, so the safety door can be placed at a suitable position on the left side of the car body or behind the car. With the development of passenger car technology, the current design requirements for passenger car escape doors mainly include the following points.

(1) The overall dimensions of the door are that the clear door width is not less than 550mm and the clear door height is not less than 1250mm.

(2) The door hinge should be at the front end, with an outward opening angle of not less than 100°, and it can be opened normally within this angle range, and a safety alarm device is required.

(3) If the width of the passage leading to the safety door is less than 300mm, the passage can be widened by quickly turning the seat.

(4) At the safety door, the method of use must be explained in red eye-catching fonts with a height of not less than 20mm.

In China, most long-distance buses and luxury tourist buses are equipped with safety escape doors. Buses running in cities only have doors for passengers to get in and out. In addition, children's school buses must also be equipped with escape doors. The escape door of most buses is installed on the left rear side of the bus or at the rear of the bus. The structure of the passenger car safety escape door is basically similar to that of an ordinary car door. It consists of three parts: the shell, the accessories and the interior cover. Door accessories also include: hinges, door opening limiters, door locks with internal and external operating handles, positioners, door seals, glass, glass guide grooves and guide rails, etc.

1. Most of the current common escape doors require passengers to open them manually during emergency escape, and they need to push the door open a second time after turning on the switch. This delays the escape time during the escape process. If there is a device similar to the automatic door pop-up, after the passenger opens the opening device, the door will automatically pop open and slide down on its own, which will greatly save the time required for escape.

2. The escape doors located on the left side of the bus and at the rear are usually higher than the ground. The lower edge of the escape door is still 1.5 to 1.8 meters away from the ground, which means that after opening the escape door, passengers need to jump down 1.5 to 1.8 meters to escape from the car and reach the ground. However, this height often brings great difficulties to the passengers escaping. Some passengers will not dare to jump because the height is too high, resulting in a sense of fear. In addition, the height of 1.5 meters to 1.8 meters is also relatively dangerous. It may cause physical harm to passengers after jumping out of the door. It is really too dangerous to require the elderly and children to complete such a height jump. If a structure similar to a slide or steps when disembarking from an airplane can be formed for bus passengers to step on and support when escaping, and to reduce the height of the jump, then it will not only improve the psychological aspects of the passengers' escape, but also their safety during escape. Sexually, it will be of great help.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a folding escape door for passenger cars and a passenger car with an escape door, which solves the problems of the escape doors currently installed on the passenger cars, such as difficulty in opening the escape door and the large height of the escape door from the ground, which affects escape safety and speed. .

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a folding escape door for passenger cars, which includes an escape door frame and a door body mechanism installed on the escape door frame with interference, and a locking sliding mechanism is installed on the escape door frame;

The door body mechanism includes a mounting plate, a first steel plate, a second steel plate and a third steel plate that are connected in sequence through a hinge device. A lock is fixed on the first steel plate. There are three openings on both the mounting plate and the first steel plate for accommodation. The first pneumatic piston, the first groove of the first spring and the second spring, the piston cylinder of the first pneumatic piston and the upper ends of the first spring and the second spring are all installed on the mounting plate, and the lower ends of the first spring and the second spring They are all installed on the first steel plate; in the initial state, the first spring, the second spring and the first pneumatic piston are located in the three first grooves, and the piston rod of the first pneumatic piston is in a stretched state;

The second steel plate and the third steel plate each have three second grooves for accommodating the second pneumatic piston, the fourth spring and the fifth spring respectively, the piston cylinder of the second pneumatic piston and the fourth spring and the fifth spring. The upper ends of the fourth and fifth springs are installed on the second steel plate, and the lower ends of the fourth and fifth springs are installed on the third steel plate; in the initial state, the fourth and fifth springs and the second pneumatic piston are located in the three second grooves , the piston rod of the second pneumatic piston is in a stretched state; the locking sliding mechanism includes a driving action piston cylinder and a linkage locking device. A first piston rod is installed in the driving action piston cylinder, and a groove is provided on the first piston rod. , the end of the first piston rod is hinged with a connecting device, and the connecting device is fixedly connected to the door body mechanism; the linkage locking device includes a pin, which is inserted into the lock in the initial state, and the pin is connected with a self-locking device through a third spring The steel ball and the self-locking steel ball are in contact with the surface of the first piston rod.

Further, the connection device includes a gas spring rod hinged at the end of the first piston rod, the middle part of the gas spring rod is hinged with one end of the support rod, the other end of the support rod is hinged with a second connection base, and the end of the end gas spring rod is hinged with the first The connecting base, the first connecting base and the second connecting base are both fixedly connected to the mounting plate.

Further, the driving action piston cylinder is driven by a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a driving device and a pneumatic master cylinder. The driving device is used to drive the piston rod of the master cylinder in the pneumatic master cylinder to reciprocate. The pneumatic master cylinder includes a master cylinder block, and the master cylinder There is a return spring in the cylinder. One end of the return spring is fixed on the rear end cover, and the other end is connected to the first end of the master cylinder piston rod. The second end of the master cylinder piston rod passes through the front end cover and is connected to the sleeve spring. The sleeve spring maintains a compressed state in the inner sleeve; the master cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet hole of the master cylinder, a second air inlet hole of the master cylinder and an air outlet hole of the master cylinder. The first air inlet hole of the master cylinder passes through the second air inlet hole. The pipe is connected to the air storage tank. An accumulator and a solenoid valve are installed on the second pipe. The second air inlet hole of the master cylinder is connected to the air storage tank through a fourth pipe. The air outlet hole of the master cylinder is connected to the inside of the escape mast through a third pipe. The air channel passes through the air channel inside the escape mast and is connected to the vent hole on the driving action piston cylinder installed in the escape mast; a one-way valve is installed on the third pipe.

Further, the driving device includes an opening knob arranged in the carriage. The opening knob is keyed to the driving helical gear. The driving helical gear meshes with the driven helical gear. A crank is installed on the driven helical gear. The crank and the first end shaft of the connecting rod are installed on the driven helical gear. The holes are connected with each other, and the second end of the connecting rod is matched with the slider shaft hole.

Furthermore, the hinge device is a 90° self-locking folding leaf.

Furthermore, a support spring is installed on the lower part of the escape mast. One end of the support spring is fixedly connected to the escape mast, and the other end is in close contact with the inside of the door mechanism when the door mechanism is in a closed state. When the linkage locking device is unlocked, the compression The support spring stretches outward to restore its original length, ejecting the door mechanism.

A passenger car with an escape door, including the above-mentioned folding escape door.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention at least has the following beneficial technical effects:

Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial results of the present invention are: it solves the defects of the escape door installed on the current bus, which cannot automatically slide down to open and is too high from the ground. After the bus escape door is opened, the door body mechanism will pop up and slide down, simplifying the steps to open the escape door; it can reduce the opening space of the escape door when an accident occurs in the bus, and fold it in sections through the folding mechanism to form a ladder shape for passengers The downward use of the escape device reduces the vertical height during escape, reduces the danger during escape, increases the speed of escape, and ensures the safety of passengers. It is convenient and practical.

Further, the connection device includes a gas spring rod hinged at the end of the first piston rod. The middle part of the gas spring rod is hinged with one end of the support rod. The other end of the support rod is hinged with a second connection base. The end of the end gas spring rod is hinged with a third connection base. A connection base, the first connection base and the second connection base are both fixedly connected to the installation plate, so that when the door mechanism is open, the door mechanism should be as close as possible to the escape mast to save space.

Further, the driving action piston cylinder is driven by a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a driving device and a pneumatic master cylinder. The driving device is used to drive the piston rod of the master cylinder in the pneumatic master cylinder to reciprocate. The pneumatic master cylinder includes a master cylinder block, and the master cylinder There is a return spring in the cylinder. One end of the return spring is fixed on the rear end cover, and the other end is connected to the first end of the master cylinder piston rod. The second end of the master cylinder piston rod passes through the front end cover and is connected to the sleeve spring. The sleeve spring maintains a compressed state in the inner sleeve; the master cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet hole of the master cylinder, a second air inlet hole of the master cylinder and an air outlet hole of the master cylinder. The first air inlet hole of the master cylinder passes through the second air inlet hole. The pipe is connected to the air storage tank. An accumulator and a solenoid valve are installed on the second pipe. The second air inlet hole of the master cylinder is connected to the air storage tank through a fourth pipe. The air outlet hole of the master cylinder is connected to the inside of the escape mast through a third pipe. The air channel is connected to the vent hole on the action piston cylinder installed in the escape mast through the air channel inside the escape mast, and a one-way valve is installed on the third pipe. The movement of the pneumatic master cylinder affects the amount of gas passing through the solenoid valve, thereby controlling the gas reservoir. The accumulator supplies gas to the driving mechanism. The high-pressure gas in the connecting gas path pushes the action piston installed on the escape mast through the one-way valve. The first piston rod moves to open the linkage locking device.

Further, the driving device includes an opening knob arranged in the carriage. The opening knob is keyed to the driving helical gear. The driving helical gear meshes with the driven helical gear. A crank is installed on the driven helical gear. The crank and the first end shaft of the connecting rod are installed on the driven helical gear. The holes are connected with each other, and the second end of the connecting rod is matched with the shaft hole of the slider. Passengers or drivers can realize the reciprocating motion of the slider by turning the opening knob, which is easy to operate.

Furthermore, a support spring is installed on the lower part of the escape mast. One end of the support spring is fixedly connected to the escape mast, and the other end is in close contact with the inside of the door mechanism when the door mechanism is in a closed state. When the linkage locking device is unlocked, the compression The support spring stretches outward to restore its original length, ejecting the door mechanism. When the door mechanism needs to be opened, additional outward force is given by the support spring to ensure that the door mechanism is opened.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a pneumatically driven folding bus escape door, the overall schematic diagram of the operation;

Figure 2 is an isometric view of a pneumatically driven folding passenger car escape door that slides down to open and folds;

Figure 3 is an isometric view of the driving mechanism;

Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic master cylinder;

Figure 4b is a cross-sectional view of the pneumatic master cylinder;

Figure 5a is a cross-sectional view of the operating piston on the folding door;

Figure 5b is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Figure 5a;

Figure 6 is an isometric view of the sliding mechanism;

Figure 7a is a cross-sectional view of the locking mechanism;

Figure 7b is a B-B cross-sectional view of Figure 7a;

Figure 8a is a front view of the folding door;

Figure 8b is a side view of the folding door;

Figure 9 is a front view of the door mechanism after closure and recovery.

In the drawings: 1. Driving mechanism, 2. Escape mast, 3. Door mechanism, 4. Accumulator, 5. Air reservoir, 6. One-way valve, 7. Solenoid valve; 1.1. Driven helical gear, 1.2. Driving helical gear, 1.3. Opening knob, 1.4. Crank, 1.5. Connecting rod, 1.6. Slider, 1.7. Pneumatic master cylinder, 1.8. Rear end cover, 1.9. Master cylinder block, 1.10. Front end cover, 1.11 , outer housing, 1.12, housing spring, 1.13, inner housing, 1.14, master cylinder piston rod, 1.15, master cylinder first air inlet hole, 1.16, master cylinder second air inlet hole, 1.17, return spring, 1.18 , master cylinder air outlet, 2.1, first air vent, 2.2, second air vent, 2.3, driving action piston cylinder, 2.4, first piston rod, 2.5, support rod, 2.6, first connection base, 2.7, air Spring rod, 2.8, groove, 2.9, second connection base, 2.10, pin, 2.11, self-locking steel ball, 2.12, third spring, 2.13, spring washer, 2.14, support spring, 3.1, mounting plate, 3.2. The first steel plate, 3.3. Lock, 3.4. The second steel plate, 3.5. The third steel plate, 3.6. Hinge device, 3.7. The first spring, 3.8. The second spring, 3.9. The first pneumatic piston, 3.10. Two pneumatic piston, 3.11, fourth spring, 3.12, fifth spring.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

The terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the attached The orientations or positional relationships shown in the figures are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed and operated in specific orientations, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Limitations of Invention.

A folding escape door for passenger cars includes a driving mechanism, an air supply mechanism and an action mechanism. The driving mechanism, air supply mechanism and action mechanism are connected through mechanical means or pneumatic channels. The overall schematic diagram of its operation is shown in Figure 1 shows; the isometric view of the pneumatically driven folding bus escape door during the sliding opening and folding process, as shown in Figure 2. The driving mechanism is represented in the operating part 1, and the main parts of the action mechanism are installed on the escape mast 2 and the door body mechanism 3. Among them, a locking sliding mechanism is installed on the escape mast 2, and a foldable door body, tightening spring and pneumatic piston are installed on the door body mechanism 3.

The first part of the driving mechanism

As shown in Figure 3, the entire driving mechanism 1 includes a driving device and a pneumatic master cylinder 1.7. The driving device includes an opening knob 1.3, a driving helical gear 1.2, a driven helical gear 1.1, a crank 1.4, a connecting rod 1.5 and a slider 1.6. The opening knob 1.3 and the driving helical gear 1.2 are connected through a circular key, and the opening knob 1.3 is on the rear side of the driving helical gear 1.2 for the passenger to operate. The driving helical gear 1.2 meshes with the driven helical gear 1.1, the first end of the crank 1.4 is matched with the shaft hole of the driven helical gear 1.1, the second end of the crank 1.4 is matched with the shaft hole of the first end of the connecting rod 1.5, and the second end of the connecting rod 1.5 The end matches the 1.6 axis hole of the slider. The pneumatic master cylinder 1.7 is located on the front side of the driving helical gear 1.2 and the driven helical gear 1.1, and the slider 1.6 is located on one side of the pneumatic master cylinder 1.7.

When the passenger is escaping, he manually turns the opening knob 1.3, and the driving helical gear 1.2 rotates, driving the driven helical gear 1.1 to rotate, causing the crank 1.4 to also start to rotate. In this way, the entire crank slider mechanism starts to move, and the slider 1.6 will perform cyclic and reciprocating linear motion, and push the outer sleeve 1.11 to drive the master cylinder piston rod 1.14 in the pneumatic master cylinder 1.7 to also perform reciprocating linear motion.

Figure 4a shows a diagram of the pneumatic master cylinder 1.7. The pneumatic master cylinder 1.7 consists of a rear end cover 1.8, a master cylinder block 1.9, a front end cover 1.10 and an outer shell 1.11. The rear end cover 1.8 and the front end cover 1.10 are respectively installed on the master cylinder. Both ends of the cylinder block 1.9; the master cylinder block 1.9 is provided with a return spring 1.17. One end of the return spring 1.17 is fixed on the rear end cover 1.8 and the other end is connected to the first end of the master cylinder piston rod 1.14. The master cylinder piston rod 1.14 The second end passes through the front end cover 1.10 and is fixedly connected to the casing spring 1.12. The casing spring 1.12 should remain compressed in the inner casing 1.13. The inner casing 1.13 and the outer casing 1.11 are connected by pipe threads.

Referring to Figure 4b, the return spring 1.17, the first air inlet hole 1.15 of the master cylinder, the second air inlet hole 1.16 of the master cylinder and the piston rod 1.14 of the master cylinder are inside the master cylinder block 1.9, the sleeve spring 1.12, and the inner sleeve 1.13 On the outside of the master cylinder block 1.9. The master cylinder piston rod 1.14 performs reciprocating linear motion under the control of the movement stroke of the slider 1.6 until the passenger rotates the opening knob 1.3 and the master cylinder piston rod 1.14 and the slider 1.6 stop moving. The master cylinder piston rod 1.14 and the slider 1.6 control the opening and closing of the master cylinder first air inlet hole 1.15, the master cylinder second air inlet hole 1.16 and the master cylinder air outlet hole 1.18 during movement. The opening and closing of the first air inlet hole 1.15 of the master cylinder, the second air inlet hole 1.16 of the master cylinder and the air outlet hole 1.18 of the master cylinder will change the amount of gas passing between the driving mechanism and the solenoid valve 7, thereby causing the solenoid valve 7 to start During normal operation, the accumulator 4 is driven, and the air reservoir 5 supplies air to the entire action mechanism. The air reservoir 5 is connected to the accumulator 4 through a first pipe. A solenoid valve 7 is installed on the first pipe. The accumulator 4 is connected to the first air inlet 1.15 through a second pipe; the air reservoir 5 is connected to the second inlet of the master cylinder. The air hole 1.16 is connected through the fourth pipe, and the master cylinder air outlet 1.18 is connected to the air passage inside the escape mast 2 through the third pipe. Through the air passage inside the escape mast 2 and the driving action installed in the escape mast 2 The first vent hole 2.1 and the second vent hole 2.2 on the piston cylinder 2.3 are connected, and a one-way valve 6 is installed on the third pipe.

Second part locking sliding mechanism

As shown in Figures 5a, 5b, 6, 7a and 7b, the locking sliding mechanism includes a driving action piston cylinder 2.3, a support rod 2.5, a first connection base 2.6, a gas spring rod 2.7, a pin 2.10, and an automatic Lock steel ball 2.11 and third spring 2.12.

The driving action piston cylinder 2.3 is provided with a first ventilation hole 2.1 and the side wall is provided with a second ventilation hole 2.2. The first piston rod 2.4 of the driving action piston cylinder 2.3 is provided with a groove 2.8. The end of the piston rod 2.4 is hinged with the first end of the gas spring rod 2.7. The first end of the support rod 2.5 is hinged to the middle part of the gas spring rod 2.7 through a cylindrical pin. The second end of the support rod 2.5 is hinged with a second connection base 2.9. The second end of the spring rod 2.7 is hinged with a first connection base 2.6, and the support rod 2.5 is located on the left side of the gas spring rod 2.7 to form a support. The self-locking steel ball 2.11 is located on the right side of the third spring 2.12, and the third spring 2.12 is located on the right side of the pin 2.10. The self-locking steel ball 2.11, the third spring 2.12 and the pin 2.10 are welded into a whole. The first connection base 2.6 and the second connection base 2.9 are both fixedly connected to the mounting plate 3.1. The support spring 2.14 is installed on the lower part of the escape mast 2 through the spring gasket 2.13. One end of the support spring 2.14 is fixedly connected to the escape mast 2, and the other end is in close contact with the inside of the door mechanism 3 when the door mechanism 3 is in a closed state. When the linkage locking device is unlocked, the compressed support spring 2.14 will extend outward to restore its original length, and the door body will be ejected.

Referring to Figures 7a and 7b, the linkage locking device includes a pin 2.10, a self-locking steel ball 2.11 and a third spring 2.12. One end of the third spring 2.12 is fixedly connected to the pin 2.10, and the other end is fixedly connected to the self-locking steel ball 2.11. The self-locking steel ball 2.11 is in contact with the surface of the first piston rod 2.4. When the passenger car is running normally, the door mechanism 3 is in a locked state. When the passenger turns the opening knob 1.3, the driving mechanism starts to work. The first air inlet hole 1.15 of the master cylinder and the second air inlet hole 1.16 of the master cylinder open, and the driving action The first piston rod 2.4 of the piston cylinder 2.3 moves. At this time, the escape door operates in two steps. First, the first piston rod 2.4 is pushed outward to unlock the linkage locking device. The door body mechanism 3 and the escape mast 2 are unlocked. At this time, the compressed support spring 2.14 will stretch outward and recover. original length, the door body mechanism 3 will be ejected outward to a certain distance. After the linkage locking device is unlocked, the air elastic rod 2.7 will automatically extend outward without external force. At the same time, the accumulator 4 passes through the escape mast. 2 and the air passage opened in the door body mechanism 3 continues to supply air flow to the driving piston cylinder 2.3. The door body mechanism 3 extends outward while translating downward until the gas spring rod 2.7 reaches the maximum stroke; finally, the gas spring The rod 2.7 and the support rod 2.5 form a triangular support mechanism to support the escape door outer body 3. At this time, the door body mechanism 3 extends outward to the maximum distance; in the second step, the driving air pressure master cylinder 1.7 supplies gas to the driving action piston cylinder 2.3. The first piston rod 2.4 continues to extend outward. At this time, the door body mechanism 3 translates downward until the first piston rod 2.4 reaches the maximum stroke. When the first piston rod 2.4 reaches the maximum stroke, the door mechanism 3 slides down completely, and the upper edge of the door mechanism 3 is flush with the lower edge of the escape exit.

Under normal circumstances, the steel ball 2.11 in the linkage locking device presses against the first piston rod 2.4 under the pressure of the third spring 2.12. At the same time, the pin 2.10 of the linkage locking device is inserted into the door mechanism 3 to match it. In the lock 3.3, the lock 3.3 is fixed on the first steel plate 3.2, fixing the escape door body 3 and the escape door frame 2 together. At this time, the third spring 2.12 is in a compressed state. When an emergency occurs, the pneumatic master cylinder 1.7 provides gas to the solenoid valve 7, causing the solenoid valve 7 to start working, thus controlling the high-pressure gas in the accumulator 4 to drive the piston cylinder 2.3 through the pneumatic master cylinder 1.7 and the one-way valve 6. The first piston rod 2.4 moves, the first piston rod 2.4 pushes outward, and overcomes the pressure of the spring to make the steel ball 2.11 fall into the groove 2.8 of the piston rod. The first piston rod 2.4 continues to push outward, pulling the pin 2.10 toward The downward movement disengages the lock 3.3, causing the door mechanism 3 and the escape mast 2 to separate. At the same time, the support spring 2.14 returns to its original length, and the door mechanism 3 is ejected.

The third part of the folding mechanism

As shown in Figure 9, the escape door consists of a door mechanism 3 and an escape mast 2. When the door mechanism 3 is not opened, the door mechanism 3 is installed on the escape mast 2 through a transition fit. As shown in Figures 8a and 8b, the door mechanism 3 includes the uppermost glass mounting plate 3.1 and three steel plates for folding: the first steel plate 3.2, the second steel plate 3.4 and the third steel plate 3.5. The first steel plate 3.2, the second steel plate 3.4 and the third steel plate 3.5 are connected together through the hinge device 3.6 in sequence. The installation plate 3.1, the first steel plate 3.2, the second steel plate 3.4 and the third steel plate 3.5 are all provided with three first grooves for respectively For assembling the first spring, the second spring and the first pneumatic piston 3.9, the first pneumatic piston 3.9 is assembled in the first groove on the far left, and the lower ends of the first spring 3.7 and the second spring 3.8 are symmetrically distributed in the other two first grooves. in the trough. The mounting plate 3.1 is made of glass. In the initial state, the first spring, the second spring and the first pneumatic piston 3.9 are located in the three first grooves, and the piston rod of the first pneumatic piston 3.9 is in a stretched state.

The first pneumatic piston 3.9 and the first spring 3.7 and the second spring 3.8 are installed between the mounting plate 3.1 and the first steel plate 3.2, and between the second steel plate 3.4 and the third steel plate 3.5, as shown in Figure 8b. First, through the support spring 2.14, gas spring rod 2.7, and support rod 2.5 in the upper part of the locking sliding mechanism, the door mechanism 3 pops up and slides down as a whole. After that, when the door mechanism 3 slides down as a whole, the gas in the first pneumatic piston 3.9 that was originally in a stretched state automatically leaks out through the air passage inside the piston, so that the first pneumatic piston 3.9 no longer plays a supporting role. At this time, due to The first spring 3.7 and the second spring 3.8 are in a stretched state. The first pneumatic piston 3.9 begins to contract under the action of the spring tension. Under the action of the first spring 3.7 and the second spring 3.8, the first steel plate 3.2 folds from the hinge. Pulled up by the spring 3.7, through the action of the second pressure-maintaining limit of the first pneumatic piston 3.9, the installation plate 3.1 and the first steel plate 3.2 are folded to 90°, ensuring that the folded door body mechanism 3 is in a stepped shape, and then This design achieves safety and convenience during escape; the second steel plate 3.4 relies on gravity to fold and fall automatically at the hinge with the first steel plate 3.2. The hinge device 3.6 is a 90° self-locking folding leaf that can limit the position, ensuring that the first steel plate A 90° staircase is formed between 3.2 and the second steel plate 3.4; a spring and a piston rod are also installed between the second steel plate 3.4 and the third steel plate 3.5. There are three separate holes on the second steel plate 3.4 and the third steel plate 3.5. In the second groove accommodating the second pneumatic piston 3.10, the fourth spring 3.11 and the fifth spring 3.12, in the initial state, the fourth spring 3.11 and the fifth spring 3.12 and the second pneumatic piston 3.10 are located in the three second grooves , the piston rod of the second pneumatic piston 3.10 is in a stretched state. After the gas in the piston rod is discharged through the air channel, the third steel plate 3.5 is pulled by the spring to fold upward. When the fold is 90°, the piston rod is pressure-retained and limited to ensure the folded staircase shape. Furthermore, the folding of the escape door is realized as a whole.

For recovery after folding, it is mainly realized by the first pneumatic piston 3.9 and the second pneumatic piston 3.10. After the escape is completed, the relevant staff will apply a certain amount of air pressure to the piston rod through external force, causing it to extend against the tension of the spring, and then reach the first pressure-maintaining limit when the door is not folded, thereby realizing the door body mechanism. 3. Reduction after folding to increase the feasibility of the folded structure. The rendering of the escape door after it returns to its previous unfolded state is shown in Figure 9.

A passenger car with an escape door, the above-mentioned folding escape door is installed on the body.

The working principle of the present invention is:

The passenger turns the knob 1.3 in the driving mechanism, causing the driving mechanism to start working normally. The movement of the air pressure master cylinder 1.7 affects the amount of gas passing through the solenoid valve 7, thereby controlling the air reservoir 5, and the accumulator 4 supplies air to the driving mechanism. , the high-pressure gas in the connected air path passes through the one-way valve 6 to push the first piston rod 2.4 of the left and right driving pistons 2.3 installed on the escape mast 2 to move, open the linkage locking device, and use the spring at the bottom of the frame 2.14 Pop up the escape door 3. The escape door body 3 uses its own gravity and the locking sliding mechanism installed on the frame to slide down and open. The door body mechanism is divided into four sections of steel plates. Each section is connected by hinges. The first pneumatic piston and the second pneumatic piston installed on the door body mechanism release force. The first spring 3.7 and the second spring 3.8 shrink so that the door body mechanism When folding occurs, the first pneumatic piston 3.9 and the second pneumatic piston 3.10 maintain pressure and are supported together with the first spring 3.7, the second spring 3.8, the fourth spring 3.11, the fifth spring 3.12 and the limiting mechanism on the hinge. A ladder-like structure is formed for passengers to escape. The gas spring rod 2.7 in the sliding mechanism also plays a role in supporting the gravity of the escaping passengers. After the escape is completed, the first pneumatic piston 3.9 and the second pneumatic piston 3.10 are inflated again to stretch the spring, return the door mechanism to a straight state, and then retract the door mechanism.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. The folding escape door for the passenger car is characterized by comprising an escape door frame (2) and a door body mechanism (3) which is arranged on the escape door frame (2) in an interference manner, wherein a locking sliding mechanism is arranged on the escape door frame (2);

the door body mechanism (3) comprises a mounting plate (3.1), a first steel plate (3.2), a second steel plate (3.4) and a third steel plate (3.5) which are sequentially connected through a hinging device (3.6), wherein a lock catch (3.3) is fixed on the first steel plate (3.2), three first grooves which are respectively used for accommodating a first pneumatic piston (3.9), a first spring (3.7) and a second spring (3.8) are formed in the mounting plate (3.1) and the first steel plate (3.2), the upper ends of a piston cylinder of the first pneumatic piston (3.9) and the first spring (3.7) and the second spring (3.8) are respectively arranged on the mounting plate (3.1), and the lower ends of the first spring (3.7) and the second spring (3.8) are respectively arranged on the first steel plate (3.2); in the initial state, the first spring (3.7), the second spring (3.8) and the first pneumatic piston (3.9) are positioned in three first grooves, and a piston rod of the first pneumatic piston (3.9) is in a stretching state;

three second grooves for accommodating a second pneumatic piston (3.10), a fourth spring (3.11) and a fifth spring (3.12) are respectively formed in the second steel plate (3.4) and the third steel plate (3.5), a piston cylinder of the second pneumatic piston (3.10) and the upper ends of the fourth spring (3.11) and the fifth spring (3.12) are respectively arranged on the second steel plate (3.4), and the lower ends of the fourth spring (3.11) and the fifth spring (3.12) are respectively arranged on the third steel plate (3.5); in the initial state, the fourth spring (3.11), the fifth spring (3.12) and the second pneumatic piston (3.10) are positioned in the three second grooves, and the piston rod of the second pneumatic piston (3.10) is in a stretching state;

the locking sliding mechanism comprises a driving action piston cylinder (2.3) and a linkage locking device, a first piston rod (2.4) is arranged in the driving action piston cylinder (2.3), a groove (2.8) is formed in the first piston rod (2.4), a connecting device is hinged to the tail end of the first piston rod (2.4), and the connecting device is fixedly connected with the door body mechanism (3);

the linkage locking device comprises a pin (2.10), the pin (2.10) is inserted into the lock catch (3.3) in an initial state, the pin (2.10) is connected with a self-locking steel ball (2.11) through a third spring (2.12), and the self-locking steel ball (2.11) is contacted with the surface of the first piston rod (2.4);

the driving action piston cylinder (2.3) is driven by a driving mechanism (1), the driving mechanism (1) comprises a driving device and a pneumatic main cylinder (1.7), the driving device is used for driving a main cylinder piston rod (1.14) in the pneumatic main cylinder (1.7) to reciprocate, the pneumatic main cylinder (1.7) comprises a main cylinder body (1.9), a return spring (1.17) is arranged in the main cylinder body (1.9), one end of the return spring (1.17) is fixed on a rear end cover (1.8), the other end of the return spring is connected with a first end of the main cylinder piston rod (1.14), a second end of the main cylinder piston rod (1.14) penetrates through a front end cover (1.10) and is connected with a sleeve spring (1.12), and the spring (1.12) is kept in a compressed state in an inner sleeve (1.13);

the air cylinder is characterized in that a main cylinder body (1.9) is provided with a main cylinder first air inlet hole (1.15), a main cylinder second air inlet hole (1.16) and a main cylinder air outlet hole (1.18), the main cylinder first air inlet hole (1.15) is connected with an air storage cylinder (5) through a second pipeline, an energy accumulator (4) and an electromagnetic valve (7) are arranged on the second pipeline, the main cylinder second air inlet hole (1.16) is connected with the air storage cylinder (5) through a fourth pipeline, the main cylinder air outlet hole (1.18) is connected to an air passage inside an escape portal (2) through a third pipeline, and the air passage inside the escape portal (2) is connected with an air vent on a driving action piston cylinder (2.3) arranged inside the escape portal (2); a one-way valve (6) is arranged on the third pipeline;

the escape door frame is characterized in that a supporting spring (2.14) is arranged at the lower part of the escape door frame (2), one end of the supporting spring (2.14) is fixedly connected with the escape door frame (2), the other end of the supporting spring is tightly attached to the inner side of the door body mechanism (3) when the door body mechanism (3) is in a closed state, and after the linkage locking device is unlocked, the compressed supporting spring (2.14) stretches outwards to recover the original length, and the door body mechanism (3) is ejected out.

2. A folding escape door for a passenger car according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting device comprises a gas spring rod (2.7) hinged at the tail end of the first piston rod (2.4), the middle part of the gas spring rod (2.7) is hinged with one end of a supporting rod (2.5), the other end of the supporting rod (2.5) is hinged with a second connecting base (2.9), the tail end of the tail end gas spring rod (2.7) is hinged with a first connecting base (2.6), and the first connecting base (2.6) and the second connecting base (2.9) are fixedly connected with the mounting plate (3.1).

3. The folding escape door for the passenger car according to claim 1, wherein the driving device comprises an opening knob (1.3) arranged in the carriage, the opening knob (1.3) is connected with a driving bevel gear (1.2) in a key mode, the driving bevel gear (1.2) is meshed with a driven bevel gear (1.1), a crank (1.4) is arranged on the driven bevel gear (1.1), the crank (1.4) is connected with a first end shaft hole of a connecting rod (1.5) in a matched mode, and a second end of the connecting rod (1.5) is matched with a shaft hole of a sliding block (1.6).

4. A folding escape door for a passenger car according to claim 1, characterized in that the hinge means (3.6) is a 90 ° self-locking hinge.

5. A passenger vehicle having an escape door, comprising the folding escape door of claim 1.