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CN110983618B - 轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料 - Google Patents

轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料 Download PDF

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CN110983618B
CN110983618B CN201911292242.1A CN201911292242A CN110983618B CN 110983618 B CN110983618 B CN 110983618B CN 201911292242 A CN201911292242 A CN 201911292242A CN 110983618 B CN110983618 B CN 110983618B
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宋卫民
张恒
史建宏
甄琪
袁建根
季新刚
徐东
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Suzhou Duorou New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，包括一层高蓬松纤维层和设置在其上下两侧的防滑纤维层，三层纤维网通过80～280bar的水射流作用实现缠结，其中一层的防滑纤维层具有凹凸花纹；高蓬松纤维层是由一种或两种纤维构成的面密度为10～80g/m2，孔隙率为80～90％的纤维层；其中一种纤维为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维和聚氨酯纤维中的一种，纤维直径14～28μm，卷曲个数：15～20个/25cm，长度为38～65mm；另外一种纤维为棉纤维、粘胶纤维、竹纤维和醋酸纤维中的一种，纤维直径14～28μm，长度为38～65mm。

Description

轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维材料领域，具体设一种轻质结构的防滑非织造材料。
背景技术
防滑材料可以帮助人们获得对光滑物体的控制力，特别是在运输中，物品由于摩擦性能不足易产生滑脱而造成的撞击破碎现象越来越受人们关注。因此人们常用一种高摩擦的轻质材料来提高物品的安全系数。目前常用的包装类防滑材料主要以泡沫和塑料类气泡垫为主；但是泡沫材料主要是由化学发泡法制得，存在强度低、受力易破碎和溶剂残留的二次污染问题；而塑料类气泡垫则对环境造成二次污染，并且气泡垫的强度低，很难二次使用。因此获得一种可以多次使用的高摩擦力防滑材料以减免物品倾倒、滑脱的概率，并减轻物体受到碰撞并为物品倾倒后提供保护具有很大的应用前景。
非织造材料作为一种纤维组成的多孔介质，具有原料来源广，工艺流程短，并且非织造材料的布状形态使其使用场合更加广泛。目前已知的非织造防滑材料大多采用将非织造材料与其它摩擦类材料进行复合，并将填充一定的蓬松物质来获得减震的效果。例如专利CN 208463564 U尝试将含有发泡剂的硅胶与5mm厚的无纺布通过粘性不干胶复合在一起，获得一种兼具有防滑和减震的作用；CN 206228501 U利用胶将波浪形的医用无纺布层与高导湿聚氨酯膜进行复合，并将活性炭微粒填充于波浪形的中间空腔部以获得减震效果。但是这些方法均存在大量化学胶的使用缺陷、并且厚度较大而较为硬，不能满足柔性、轻质减震的要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，包括一层高蓬松纤维层和设置在其上下两侧的防滑纤维层，三层纤维网通过80~280 bar的水射流作用实现缠结，其中一层的防滑纤维层具有凹凸花纹；高蓬松纤维层是由一种或两种纤维构成的面密度为10~80 g/m2，孔隙率为80~90%的纤维层；其中一种纤维为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维和聚氨酯纤维中的一种，纤维直径14~28 μm，卷曲个数：15~20 个/25cm，长度为38~65 mm；另外一种纤维为棉纤维、粘胶纤维、竹纤维和醋酸纤维中的一种，纤维直径14~28 μm，长度为38~65 mm；所述防滑纤维层的动摩擦系数纵向为0.2~2.0，横向为0.3~2.1；柔性按照ASTM D 2923-95采用Handle-O-Meter 测试法测定为阻抗力2.8~5.8 cN，所述防滑纤维层是直径为13~25 μm的长丝纤维，纤维的截面呈偏芯中空形态，中空度15~35%，偏芯度30~80%，面密度为3~50g/m2，孔隙率为85~95 %；长丝纤维以非粘性高分子材料为原料的中空偏芯纺粘成型方法制成；非粘性高分子材料的化学组成为：非弹性热塑性高分子聚合物：10~80 wt%；弹性热塑性高分子聚合物：20～90 wt%；功能性母粒：0~5wt%；填料0~35 wt %。
作为一种优选的方案，所述非弹性热塑性高分子聚合物为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚乳酸中的一种或几种的混合物。
作为一种优选的方案，所述弹性热塑性高分子聚合物为：聚烯烃弹性体、热塑性聚氨酯、共聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺聚醚嵌段类热塑性弹性体中的一种。
作为一种优选的方案，所述功能性母粒为：色母粒、抗静电母粒、阻燃母粒、抗菌母粒、柔软母粒、亲水母粒中的一种或几种。
作为一种优选的方案，所述填料为碳酸钙、二氧化钛、碳酸钡、粉煤灰、云母粉、高岭土、滑石粉和电气石一种或几种，细度为600~3500目。
作为一种优选的方案，所述水射流采用流线收缩型水针板，水针板的大孔直径为0.6mm、小孔直径为0.08mm，孔间距为0.4~0.5mm；水刺次数为3-4次；采用托网帘的开孔率为30~60%，透气率为850~1400m3/m2·h。
作为一种优选的方案，所述水刺后烘干为热风穿透烘干，温度为95~120℃，热风作用时间为5~10min。
本发明的有益效果是：
本防滑非织造材料在一面为平面摩擦结构，另一面为凹凸摩擦结构，具有两种防滑特性，可以根据使用环境选择合适的接触面，因此使用范围广；另外，多层级结构具有更好的强度，可多次使用，同时防滑非织造材料的布状结构可以适用于形状差异的包装件，因此可以很好的用于物品包装、摩擦垫、家庭擦拭、鞋套、被套、袜套、手术铺巾、手术台布、美容铺垫、马桶垫和货架陈列台等领域的应用。
本防滑非织造材料的防滑纤维层采用的为中空度为15~35%的偏芯截面，不仅可以提供轻质特性，还具有更好的减震特征，非常适合物品包装；同时中空纤维结构还为提供了更大的液体容纳能力，提高了其液体吸收特性、保暖性；另外，中空偏芯结构受热后会产生无规律的卷曲，进而产生较为更好的柔性和蓬松性，因此基于水射流的摩擦增强工序和热烘燥工艺会产生更明确的卷曲效果。
另外，高压水射流产生的大尺度的凹凸纹路不仅提供给了一定的美观设计，还利用凹凸的差异提供了良好的截面摩擦作用。
凹凸结构和防滑纤维层所具有的中空纤维截面提供的静止空气的存储空间，具有更好的隔热效果和吸声特性。
本防滑非织造材料是利用高压水射流的冲击作用实现纤维间的纠缠而固结成型，在加工过程不使用任何化学试剂，具有绿色环保、无污染生产特性。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述实施例1的结构示意图；
图2是本发明所述实施例1的截面形态示意图；
图3是本发明所述实施例1的3D水射流摩擦增强示意图；
图4 实施例1制备流程示意图
图5 实施例1纤维截面示意图
图6 实施例2制备流程示意图
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，详细描述本发明的具体实施方案。
实施例1，如图1、2所示，一种轻质结构的防滑非织造材料，由两层防滑纤维层2-2和2-4和在两层防滑纤维层中间的高蓬松纤维层2-3通过如图3所示的高压水射流复合成型，并由此在一层防滑纤维层表面形成凹凸花纹结构2-1；凹凸花纹结构为棱形组合结构；
防滑纤维层是以非粘性高分子材料为原料经过纺粘成型方法获得的纤维细度为16.8±1.9 μm，中空度为30.7±2.2 %，偏芯度为12 %的纤维组成的面密度为10.5±1.8 g/m2、孔隙率为90 %的纤维集合体；非粘性高分子材料的化学组成为：非弹性热塑性高分子聚合物：20 wt%；弹性热塑性高分子聚合物：60 wt%；功能性母粒：5 wt%；填料15 wt %；非弹性热塑性高分子聚合物为聚丙烯，弹性热塑性高分子聚合物为聚烯烃弹性体，功能性母粒为柔软母粒；填料为碳酸钙，细度为600~3500目；
带有凹凸花纹的防滑纤维层的动摩擦系数纵向为：0.63，横向为0.73；另一层防滑纤维层的动摩擦系数纵向为：0.49，横向为0.59；
高蓬松纤维层是以纤维直径25 μm，长度38 mm的聚酯纤维为原料经过梳理成型方法获得的面密度为40 ± 3.2 g/m2、孔隙率为82.23 %的纤维集合体；卷曲个数：20 个/25cm，
在高压水射流的复合过程中，三层叠合在一起的样品3-2在托网帘3-1的托持作用下送入水刺区域，同时高压水通过管道3-3进入水刺头3-4内，经过过滤装置3-5后通过水刺头3-6后形成高压水射流3-7；在水刺区域，三层样品在高压水射流3-7和托网帘3-1的作用下紧密纠缠在一起形成一体结构，此后经过热烘干后形成一种轻质结构的防滑非织造材料。
本实施例采用一步成型的纺粘-梳理+水刺工艺，参见图3，操作步骤如下：
（1）防滑纤维层的纺粘成型
（a）原料按照配比在高速混料机4-1-1和4-2-1进行共混；
（b）共混后的原料经过送料管4-1-2和4-2-2分别送入挤出机料斗4-1-3和4-2-3中；
（c）此后在分别在挤出机4-1-4和4-2-4中熔融混合并经过计量泵4-1-5和4-2-5后和送入到纺粘模头4-1-6和4-2-6挤出，并经过冷切和牵伸装置4-1-7和4-2-7的作用形成防滑纤维4-1-8和4-2-8中；
（d）防滑纤维在抽吸装置4-3-3的负压作用和托网帘4-3-2的托持左右下分别形成防滑纤维层4-2-9和4-1-9；
（2）高蓬松纤维层的梳理成型
（a）原料按照配比在梳理机上形成高蓬松纤维层4-3-1；
（d）高蓬松纤维层4-3-1在抽吸装置的作用4-3-3下铺放在防滑纤维层4-2-9上面；
（3）高压水射流复合成型
依次叠放的防滑纤维层4-2-9、高蓬松纤维层4-3-1和防滑纤维层4-1-9送入到由水刺区域4-3-4内进行水刺复合；水射流采用流线收缩型水针板，水针板的大孔直径为0.6mm、小孔直径为0.08mm，孔间距为0.4mm；水刺次数为4次；采用托网帘的开孔率为50%，透气率为1000m3/m2·h，
（4）热干燥作用
（a）水刺复合后的样品送入到热干燥区域4-3-6，热风穿透烘干，温度为110℃，热风作用时间为7min；在温度和气流的作用下干燥成型；
（b）此后经过收卷4-3-7，获得相关材料。
所制备的纤维截面特征如图5所示；
实施例2：与实施例1的区别在于分别采用两步法制备工艺，其中防滑层、高蓬松纤维层和防滑层分别从退卷装置5-1-1、5-1-2和5-1-3上退卷，且三者按照防滑层、高蓬松纤维层和防滑层的顺序依次叠放，经过喂入罗拉5-2-1后送入到水刺区域5-3-1进行水刺复合。
上述的实施例仅例示性说明本发明创造的原理及其功效，以及部分运用的实施例，而非用于限制本发明；应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，其特征在于，包括一层高蓬松纤维层和设置在其上下两侧的防滑纤维层，三层纤维网通过80~280 bar的水射流作用实现缠结，其中一层的防滑纤维层具有凹凸花纹；高蓬松纤维层是由一种或两种纤维构成的面密度为10~80g/m2，孔隙率为80~90%的纤维层；其中一种纤维为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维和聚氨酯纤维中的一种，纤维直径14~28 μm，卷曲个数：15~20 个/25cm，长度为38~65 mm；另外一种纤维为棉纤维、粘胶纤维、竹纤维和醋酸纤维中的一种，纤维直径14~28 μm，长度为38~65 mm；所述防滑纤维层的动摩擦系数纵向为0.2~2.0，横向为0.3~2.1；柔性按照ASTM D 2923-95采用Handle-O-Meter 测试法测定为阻抗力2.8~5.8 cN；所述防滑纤维层是直径为13~25 μm的长丝纤维，纤维的截面呈偏芯中空形态，中空度15~35%，偏芯度30~80%，面密度为3~50g/m2，孔隙率为85~95 %；长丝纤维以非粘性高分子材料为原料的中空偏芯纺粘成型方法制成；非粘性高分子材料的化学组成为：非弹性热塑性高分子聚合物：10~80 wt%；弹性热塑性高分子聚合物：20～90 wt%；功能性母粒：0~5 wt%；填料0~35 wt %。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，其特征在于，所述非弹性热塑性高分子聚合物为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚乳酸中的一种或几种的混合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，其特征在于，所述弹性热塑性高分子聚合物为：聚烯烃弹性体、热塑性聚氨酯、共聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺聚醚嵌段类热塑性弹性体中的一种。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，其特征在于，所述功能性母粒为：色母粒、抗静电母粒、阻燃母粒、抗菌母粒、柔软母粒、亲水母粒中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，其特征在于，所述填料为碳酸钙、二氧化钛、碳酸钡、粉煤灰、云母粉、高岭土、滑石粉和电气石一种或几种，细度为600~3500目。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，其特征在于，所述水射流采用流线收缩型水针板，水针板的大孔直径为0.6mm、小孔直径为0.08mm，孔间距为0.4~0.5mm；水刺次数为3-4次；采用托网帘的开孔率为30~60%，透气率为850~1400m3/m2·h。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种轻质结构的柔性防滑非织造材料，其特征在于，水刺后烘干为热风穿透烘干，温度为95~120℃，热风作用时间为5~10min。
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