CN110977170B - Electron beam welding method for thin-wall casing gas-collecting hood structure - Google Patents
Electron beam welding method for thin-wall casing gas-collecting hood structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110977170B CN110977170B CN201911161987.4A CN201911161987A CN110977170B CN 110977170 B CN110977170 B CN 110977170B CN 201911161987 A CN201911161987 A CN 201911161987A CN 110977170 B CN110977170 B CN 110977170B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013000 roll bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
An electron beam welding method for a thin-wall casing gas-collecting hood structure belongs to the technical field of gas-collecting hood welding, and comprises the following steps: step 1, designing a welding structure; step 2, processing the gas collecting hood 1 in a single piece; step 3, welding the gas collecting hood 1; step 2.6 gas collecting channel heat setting frock includes matrix 5, clamping ring 6, pin 7, voussoir 8, hangs 9, the internal surface welding of matrix 5 hangs 9, clamping ring 6 is installed at matrix 5 top, and 6 tops of clamping ring evenly are provided with voussoir 8 along circumference, and voussoir 8 and the through-hole one-to-one of clamping ring 6, pin 7 passes voussoir 8, clamping ring 6 in proper order and fixes clamping ring 6 and matrix 5. According to the invention, through the design of the welding structure, the design and process improvement of the gas-collecting hood heat-setting tool and the welding process improvement, the welding residual stress is reduced, the welding deformation is reduced, and the part quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding of gas collecting hoods, and particularly relates to an electron beam welding method for a gas collecting hood structure of a thin-wall casing.
Background
The thin-wall case is formed by welding an inner ring, an outer ring, a support plate, a gas-collecting hood, a mounting seat and other parts, the number of welding seams is large, deformation is large, particularly the gas-collecting hood part, the gas-collecting hood and the outer ring are welded through two circumferential welding seams, the lengths of the two circumferential welding seams are 2.934m and 3.045m respectively, argon arc welding is generally adopted for welding in the prior art, and for the large-scale thin-wall case structural part made of titanium alloy, argon arc welding is adopted for welding, the welding seams are long in length, deformation is very large, size overproof is serious, residual stress is large, welding protection effect is poor, and the quality of the.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention realizes the electron beam welding of the thin-wall casing gas-collecting hood by the welding structure design of the gas-collecting hood and the outer ring, the single-piece process improvement of the gas-collecting hood and the welding process method improvement, fully exerts the characteristics of high electron beam welding power density, low heat input of a weldment and small deformation of the weldment, and can effectively avoid the quality problem caused by the oxidation of a welding seam because the welding is carried out under the vacuum condition and the purity is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an electron beam welding method for a thin-wall casing gas-collecting hood structure comprises the following steps:
2.1, adopting plane laser equipment to blank the plate according to a sketch, checking the size of a first part according to the sketch, and cutting the rest parts by laser if the first part is qualified; if the first piece is not qualified, the laser cutting program is corrected until the first piece is qualified;
step 2.2, removing the remelted layer, removing burrs on the periphery of the strip material, wherein the allowance is not less than 0.1 mm;
step 2.3, bending on a three-axis rolling machine according to the size of a sketch;
step 2.4, placing the cut parts into pickling bath solution for pickling to remove oxide skins and attachments, drying the pickled parts by using compressed air, completing welding within 120 hours, placing the parts which are not welded in an overdue period into a pickling bath again for pickling or cleaning by using a mechanical method, wherein the mechanical method is to brush the surfaces of the parts by using a brush or scrape the surfaces of the parts by using a scraper;
step 2.5, wiping the to-be-welded part and the welding wire with alcohol before welding, and performing automatic argon arc welding according to a sketch; argon gas protection is adopted on the front and back surfaces during welding, and no welding flux is allowed to be added;
step 2.6, the part is arranged on a gas-collecting hood heat-setting tool clamp, the part and the exposed surface of the clamp are cleaned by acetone, and the part and the exposed surface of the clamp are placed in a vacuum furnace after being dried or dried by blowing, and the part is strictly prohibited from touching by bare hands; the pressure in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace before and during heating is not more than 0.067 Pa; heating the vacuum furnace to 750 +/-10 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment, cooling to 500 ℃ along with the furnace, then filling argon of 0.2-0.4Mpa, cooling to below 80 ℃, and discharging;
step 2.7, after the gas collecting hood is subjected to heat setting, the end face of the vehicle is driven, the tire mold and the compression ring are positioned at a position phi 961, the tire mold is firstly turned to the diameter of the small end, and then the large end is turned to the axial height;
step 2.8, boring holes according to the position determined by the design drawing to ensure the size;
step 2.9, cutting the part according to the scribing position line indicated by the sketch angle size, aligning the molybdenum wire with the scribing line before processing, and visually checking, wherein each whole ring cuts 4 sectors;
step 2.10, removing the surface of the part, namely forming a line cutting remelting layer; the surface of the part is free from collision, scratching and crushing, the polished welding line ensures that the inner surface and the outer surface are flush, and all cuts and the molded hole cannot be superposed; finishing the processing of the gas-collecting hood;
step 3.1, dipping white cotton cloth into acetone to carefully wipe the welding seam joints of the gas collecting hood, the outer ring and the parameter verification test piece; cleaning the clamp to ensure that the surface of the clamp is free from pollutants such as oil stain, paint, rusty spot and fusible metal;
step 3.2, performing positioning welding on the gas collecting hood and the outer ring through argon arc welding, and ensuring that the assembly gap is not more than 0.1mm and the dislocation is not more than 0.1 mm;
step 3.3, fixing the parameter verification test piece on the bracket, adjusting the height of the bracket to ensure that the height of the parameter verification test piece is consistent with the height of the welding line between the gas collecting cover and the outer ring, vacuumizing until the pressure is lower than 4.0 multiplied by 10-4mbar, adjusting the parameter to verify the position of the test piece, aligning the focus with the weld joint, performing centering scanning on the weld joint, confirming no error,adjusting a welding program, and performing a welding parameter verification test according to the technological parameters of the gas-collecting hood electron beam welding; if the parameter is not qualified, the process parameters of the electron beam welding of the gas collecting hood are verified again by eliminating the human interference factor and the equipment interference factor until the parameters are qualified;
step 3.4, mounting the welding tool on a KIP620C turntable, and adjusting and fixing; mounting the gas-collecting hood and the outer ring assembly on a tool, adjusting, pressing and fixing to ensure that the gap between the two contact surfaces is not more than 0.1mm, adjusting the B axis to 90 degrees, and sending the B axis into a vacuum chamber;
step 3.5, vacuumizing again until the pressure is lower than 4.0X 10-4mbar, adjusting the positions of the gas-collecting hood and the outer ring assembly to enable the focal points to be aligned with the welding lines, welding according to the qualified parameters verified in the table, keeping vacuum for at least 5min after welding, and then inflating the vacuum chamber;
step 3.6, taking out the parts of the air inlet casing, and checking the surface quality of the welding seam according to the standard, wherein a: the surface of the welding seam should be smooth and transited to the base metal without the defects of cracks, unfused, burnt, burn-through and cut welding seams; b: the surface color of the welding line is silvery white or faint yellow, the surface of the test piece is allowed to exist in a fumigating and plating color, the diameter of a surface pore is not more than 0.30mm, the depth of the pore is not more than 0.4mm, the distance between pores is not less than 3 times of the maximum pore diameter, on a welding line with the length of 100mm, the accumulated length is not more than 1.6mm, the undercut with the radius not more than 1.5mm and the depth not more than 0.12mm is allowed to exist, the depth of a pit is not more than 0.12mm, on the welding line with the length of 100mm, the accumulated length of a single pit is not more than 15.0mm, the surface is in smooth transition, the collapse depth is; the width of the front side of the welding line is not less than 2.0mm, the height of the front side of the welding line is not more than 0.30mm, and the dislocation after welding is less than 0.12 mm; after the welded parts are inspected visually and coloristically, the standard exceeding defect is not found, and the requirement of a design drawing is met.
Step 2.6 the gas collecting channel heat setting frock includes moulding child, clamping ring, pin, voussoir, hangs, the internal surface welding of moulding child has the hanging, the clamping ring is installed at moulding child top, and the clamping ring top evenly is provided with the voussoir along circumference, and the voussoir and the through-hole one-to-one of clamping ring, the pin passes voussoir, clamping ring in proper order and fixes clamping ring and moulding child.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through the design of the welding structure, the design and process improvement of the gas-collecting hood heat-setting tool and the welding process improvement, the welding residual stress is reduced, the welding deformation is reduced, and the part quality is improved.
The welding structure and the welding method are applied to welding of the gas collecting hood part of the thin-wall case, welding deformation of the welded part is effectively reduced, manufacturing conformance of the thin-wall case is improved, the welding structure and the welding method can be popularized to production of parts with similar structures, and the welding structure and the welding method have very wide application and popularization values.
The electron beam welding of the thin-wall casing gas-collecting hood by adopting the invention effectively reduces the welding deformation, reduces the component replacement rate of the overhaul engine, can save the manufacturing cost by 850 ten thousand yuan per year, can reduce the development period and the cost investment for other models under development, and can save the development cost by more than ten million within the estimated whole development period to the design and the design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a thin-walled casing structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a thin-walled casing gas-collecting hood cooperating with an outer ring;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the thin-walled casing gas-collecting channel and outer ring mating structure T1 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the thin-walled casing gas-collecting channel and outer ring mating structure T2 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the margin before the thin-walled casing assembly is processed;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a gas collecting hood heat setting tool;
FIG. 7 is a laser blanking drawing;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a strip;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view after the strip is roll-bent;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of automatic argon arc welding;
FIG. 11 is a schematic bore;
FIG. 12 is a surface quality chart of parts after welding;
1-gas collecting hood, 2-outer ring, 3-support, 4-inner ring, 5-mould, 6-press ring, 7-pin, 8-wedge block and 9-hanging.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
An electron beam welding method for a thin-wall casing gas-collecting hood structure comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, adopting HYPECUT-3015 plane laser equipment to blank the plate according to a sketch, checking the size of a first piece according to the sketch as shown in fig. 7, and cutting the rest parts by laser if the first piece is checked to be qualified; if the first piece is not qualified, the laser cutting program is corrected until the first piece is qualified;
step 2.2, removing the remelted layer with the residual of 0.15mm, and removing burrs on the periphery of the strip material, as shown in fig. 8;
step 2.3, rolling and bending on a three-axis rolling machine according to the size of a sketch, as shown in figure 9;
step 2.4, placing the cut parts into pickling bath solution for pickling to remove oxide skins and attachments, drying the pickled parts by using compressed air, completing welding within 120 hours, placing the parts which are not welded in an overdue period into a pickling bath again for pickling or cleaning by using a mechanical method, wherein the mechanical method is to brush the surfaces of the parts by using a brush or scrape the surfaces of the parts by using a scraper;
step 2.5, wiping the to-be-welded part and the welding wire with alcohol before welding, and performing automatic argon arc welding according to a sketch; argon gas protection is adopted on the front side and the back side during welding, and no solder is allowed to be added, as shown in figure 10;
step 2.6, the gas collecting hood is installed on a gas collecting hood heat setting tool fixture, specifically, the gas collecting hood is firstly placed on a mould 5 of the gas collecting hood heat setting tool, then is compressed by a compression ring, and finally is fixed by a pin and a wedge block; cleaning the exposed surfaces of the parts and the clamp by using acetone, airing or drying the parts and the clamp, putting the parts and the clamp into a vacuum furnace, and strictly preventing touching by hands; the pressure in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace before and during heating is 0.067 Pa; heating the vacuum furnace to 760 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling to 500 ℃ along with the furnace, then filling argon of 0.3Mpa, cooling to 80 ℃, and discharging; the original gas-collecting hood 1 is directly formed by roll bending, and the roundness of the gas-collecting hood 1 meets the requirement of electron beam welding by adding a heat setting tool; after heat setting, the setting effect at the welding seam is still obvious, and the integral roundness is better;
step 2.7, after the gas collecting hood 1 is subjected to heat setting, the end face of the vehicle is driven, the tire 5 and the compression ring 6 are positioned at phi 961, the vehicle is firstly processed to the diameter of the small end, then the large end is turned to the axial height, and the axial height of the gas collecting hood 1 is ensured to be increased by 1mm along the large end and the small end respectively; the diameter of the large end is indirectly ensured, the later stage is considered to be matched with an electron beam welding process, and the large end is matched with the existing turning tool;
step 2.8, boring holes according to the position determined by the design drawing, and ensuring the size, as shown in fig. 11;
step 2.9, cutting the part according to the scribing position line indicated by the sketch angle size, aligning the molybdenum wire with the scribing line before processing, and visually checking, wherein each whole ring cuts 4 sectors;
step 2.10, removing the surface of the part, namely forming a line cutting remelting layer; the surface of the part is free from collision, scratching and crushing, the polished welding line ensures that the inner surface and the outer surface are flush, and all cuts and the molded hole cannot be superposed; finishing the processing of the gas-collecting hood 1;
and 3, welding the gas collecting hood 1:
step 3.1, dipping the white cotton cloth into acetone to carefully wipe the welding joints of the gas-collecting hood 1, the outer ring 2 and the parameter verification test piece, so that the surfaces of the welding joints are free of oil stains, dust, dirt, grease or other foreign matters; cleaning the clamp to ensure that the surface of the clamp is free from pollutants such as oil stain, paint, rusty spot and fusible metal;
step 3.2, performing positioning welding on the gas collecting hood 1 and the outer ring 2 through argon arc welding, and ensuring that the assembly gap is 0.1mm and the dislocation is 0.1 mm;
step 3.3, fixing the parameter verification test piece on the bracket 3, adjusting the height of the bracket 3 to ensure that the height of the parameter verification test piece is consistent with the height of the welding seam between the gas collecting cover 1 and the outer ring 2, vacuumizing until the pressure is 4.0 multiplied by 10-4mbar, adjusting the position of the parameter verification test piece to enable the focus to be aligned with the welding line, carrying out centering scanning on the welding line, adjusting the welding procedure after confirming that no error exists, and carrying out a welding parameter verification test according to the parameters in the table 1; if the parameter verification is unqualified, the parameter in the table 1 is verified again by eliminating the human interference factor and the equipment interference factor until the parameter is qualified;
TABLE 1 gas-collecting channel Electron Beam welding Process parameters
Step 3.4, mounting the welding tool on a KIP620C turntable, and adjusting and fixing; mounting the assembly of the gas-collecting hood 1 and the outer ring 2 on a tool, adjusting, pressing and fixing to ensure that the gap between the contact surfaces of the gas-collecting hood 1 and the outer ring 2 is 0.1mm, adjusting the B axis to 90 degrees, and sending the B axis into a vacuum chamber;
step 3.5, vacuumizing again until the pressure is 4.0 multiplied by 10-4mbar, adjusting the position of the gas collecting hood 1 and the outer ring 2 assembly to make the focus point aligned with the welding line, welding according to the qualified parameters in the table, and weldingAfter the completion, keeping the vacuum time for 5min, and then inflating the vacuum chamber;
step 3.6, taking out the parts of the air inlet casing, and checking the surface quality of the welding seam according to the standard, wherein a: the surface of the welding seam should be smooth and transited to the base metal without the defects of cracks, unfused, burnt, burn-through and cut welding seams; b: the surface color of the welding line is silvery white or faint yellow, the surface of the test piece is allowed to exist in a fumigating and plating color, the diameter of a surface pore is not more than 0.30mm, the depth of the pore is not more than 0.4mm, the distance between pores is not less than 3 times of the maximum pore diameter, on a welding line with the length of 100mm, the accumulated length is not more than 1.6mm, the undercut with the radius not more than 1.5mm and the depth not more than 0.12mm is allowed to exist, the depth of a pit is not more than 0.12mm, on the welding line with the length of 100mm, the accumulated length of a single pit is not more than 15.0mm, the surface is in smooth transition, the collapse depth is; the width of the front side of the welding line is not less than 2.0mm, the height of the front side of the welding line is not more than 0.30mm, and the dislocation after welding is less than 0.12 mm; after the welded parts are subjected to visual and coloring inspection, the standard exceeding defect is not found, and the requirement of a design drawing is met; the surface of the welded seam is well formed by welding the part by using the determined welding parameters, the back splash is effectively controlled by using the medium-pressure welding process parameters, and the surface quality of the welded part is shown in figure 12.
Step 2.6 gas collecting channel heat setting frock includes matrix 5, clamping ring 6, pin 7, voussoir 8, hangs 9, the internal surface welding of matrix 5 hangs 9, clamping ring 6 is installed at matrix 5 top, and 6 tops of clamping ring evenly are provided with voussoir 8 along circumference, and voussoir 8 and the through-hole one-to-one of clamping ring 6, pin 7 passes voussoir 8, clamping ring 6 in proper order and fixes clamping ring 6 and matrix 5, as shown in fig. 6.
Claims (2)
1. An electron beam welding method for a thin-wall casing gas-collecting hood structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, designing a welding structure: the requirement of the electron beam welding gap is not more than 0.1mm, the requirement of dislocation before welding is not more than 0.1mm, and the deformation generated by welding the outer ring and the support plate at the earlier stage is taken into consideration at the same time, the original argon arc welding joint form with a groove is changed into a butt joint form, and a certain welding deformation is reserved at the same time; the original argon arc welding structure is provided with a 60-degree V-shaped groove, the assembly gap is 0.5mm, the groove is not formed, the allowance is increased in the original radial direction, and the combined machining is carried out after the support plate is welded with the outer ring and the inner ring;
step 2, processing a single gas collecting hood:
2.1, adopting plane laser equipment to blank the plate according to a sketch, checking the size of a first part according to the sketch, and cutting the rest parts by laser if the first part is qualified; if the first piece is not qualified, the laser cutting program is corrected until the first piece is qualified;
step 2.2, removing the remelted layer, removing burrs on the periphery of the strip material, wherein the allowance is not less than 0.1 mm;
step 2.3, bending on a three-axis rolling machine according to the size of a sketch;
step 2.4, placing the cut parts into pickling bath solution for pickling to remove oxide skins and attachments, drying the pickled parts by using compressed air, completing welding within 120 hours, placing the parts which are not welded in an overdue period into a pickling bath again for pickling or cleaning by using a mechanical method, wherein the mechanical method is to brush the surfaces of the parts by using a brush or scrape the surfaces of the parts by using a scraper;
step 2.5, wiping the to-be-welded part and the welding wire with alcohol before welding, and performing automatic argon arc welding according to a sketch; argon gas protection is adopted on the front and back surfaces during welding, and no welding flux is allowed to be added;
step 2.6, the part is arranged on a gas-collecting hood heat-setting tool clamp, the part and the exposed surface of the clamp are cleaned by acetone, and the part and the exposed surface of the clamp are placed in a vacuum furnace after being dried or dried by blowing, and the part is strictly prohibited from touching by bare hands; the pressure in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace before and during heating is not more than 0.067 Pa; heating the vacuum furnace to 750 +/-10 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment, cooling to 500 ℃ along with the furnace, then filling argon of 0.2-0.4Mpa, cooling to below 80 ℃, and discharging;
step 2.7, after the gas collecting hood is subjected to heat setting, the end face of the vehicle is driven, the tire mold and the compression ring are positioned at a position phi 961, the tire mold is firstly turned to the diameter of the small end, and then the large end is turned to the axial height;
step 2.8, boring holes according to the position determined by the design drawing to ensure the size;
step 2.9, cutting the part according to the scribing position line indicated by the sketch angle size, aligning the molybdenum wire with the scribing line before processing, and visually checking, wherein each whole ring cuts 4 sectors;
step 2.10, removing the surface of the part, namely forming a line cutting remelting layer; the surface of the part is free from collision, scratching and crushing, the polished welding line ensures that the inner surface and the outer surface are flush, and all cuts and the molded hole cannot be superposed; finishing the processing of the gas-collecting hood;
step 3, welding the gas collecting hood:
step 3.1, dipping white cotton cloth into acetone to carefully wipe the welding seam joints of the gas collecting hood, the outer ring and the parameter verification test piece; cleaning the clamp to ensure that the surface of the clamp is free from pollutants such as oil stain, paint, rusty spot and fusible metal;
step 3.2, performing positioning welding on the gas collecting hood and the outer ring through argon arc welding, and ensuring that the assembly gap is not more than 0.1mm and the dislocation is not more than 0.1 mm;
step 3.3, fixing the parameter verification test piece on the bracket, adjusting the height of the bracket to ensure that the height of the parameter verification test piece is consistent with the height of the welding line between the gas collecting cover and the outer ring, vacuumizing until the pressure is lower than 4.0 multiplied by 10-4mbar, adjusting the position of the parameter verification test piece to enable the focus to be aligned with the welding line, carrying out centering scanning on the welding line, adjusting the welding procedure after confirming that no error exists, and carrying out a welding parameter verification test according to the technological parameters of the gas-collecting hood electron beam welding; if the parameter is not qualified, the process parameters of the electron beam welding of the gas collecting hood are verified again by eliminating the human interference factor and the equipment interference factor until the parameters are qualified;
step 3.4, mounting the welding tool on a KIP620C turntable, and adjusting and fixing; mounting the gas-collecting hood and the outer ring assembly on a tool, adjusting, pressing and fixing to ensure that the gap between the two contact surfaces is not more than 0.1mm, adjusting the B axis to 90 degrees, and sending the B axis into a vacuum chamber;
step 3.5, vacuumizing again until the pressure is lower than 4.0X 10-4mbar, adjusting the positions of the gas-collecting hood and the outer ring assembly to enable the focal points to be aligned with the welding lines, welding according to the qualified parameters verified in the table, keeping vacuum for at least 5min after welding, and then inflating the vacuum chamber;
step 3.6, taking out the parts of the air inlet casing, and checking the surface quality of the welding seam according to the standard, wherein a: the surface of the welding seam should be smooth and transited to the base metal without the defects of cracks, unfused, burnt, burn-through and cut welding seams; b: the surface color of the welding line is silvery white or faint yellow, the surface of the test piece is allowed to exist in a fumigating and plating color, the diameter of a surface pore is not more than 0.30mm, the depth of the pore is not more than 0.4mm, the distance between pores is not less than 3 times of the maximum pore diameter, on a welding line with the length of 100mm, the accumulated length is not more than 1.6mm, the undercut with the radius not more than 1.5mm and the depth not more than 0.12mm is allowed to exist, the depth of a pit is not more than 0.12mm, on the welding line with the length of 100mm, the accumulated length of a single pit is not more than 15.0mm, the surface is in smooth transition, the collapse depth is; the width of the front side of the welding line is not less than 2.0mm, the height of the front side of the welding line is not more than 0.30mm, and the dislocation after welding is less than 0.12 mm; after the welded parts are inspected visually and coloristically, the standard exceeding defect is not found, and the requirement of a design drawing is met.
2. The electron beam welding method for the gas collecting hood structure of the thin-wall casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step 2.6 the gas collecting channel heat setting frock includes moulding child, clamping ring, pin, voussoir, hangs, the internal surface welding of moulding child has the hanging, the clamping ring is installed at moulding child top, and the clamping ring top evenly is provided with the voussoir along circumference, and the voussoir and the through-hole one-to-one of clamping ring, the pin passes voussoir, clamping ring in proper order and fixes clamping ring and moulding child.
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