CN110961268A - Atomizing nozzle for lifting pipe - Google Patents
Atomizing nozzle for lifting pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN110961268A CN110961268A CN201811157955.2A CN201811157955A CN110961268A CN 110961268 A CN110961268 A CN 110961268A CN 201811157955 A CN201811157955 A CN 201811157955A CN 110961268 A CN110961268 A CN 110961268A
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- nozzle
- outlet end
- nozzle head
- pipe
- tube
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
- B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
- B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
- B05B7/045—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being parallel just upstream the mixing chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/1693—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed with means for heating the material to be sprayed or an atomizing fluid in a supply hose or the like
Landscapes
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an atomizing nozzle for a lifting pipe, which comprises a nozzle main body, wherein the nozzle main body is a three-layer sleeve consisting of an inner pipe, a main pipe and an outer pipe, the two ends of the three-layer sleeve are respectively an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end of the inner pipe is positioned outside the main pipe, the outlet end of the inner pipe is positioned inside the main pipe, and the outer pipe is arranged on the outer wall of the main pipe; the outlet end of the main pipe is provided with a second nozzle head, the inlet end of the second nozzle head is connected with the outlet end of the main pipe, the outlet end of the second nozzle head extends to the outside of the main pipe, and the cross-sectional area of the second nozzle head is gradually reduced towards the direction far away from the main pipe; the outlet end of the inner pipe is provided with a first nozzle head, and the inlet end of the first nozzle head is connected with the outlet end of the inner pipe; the outlet end of the outer pipe is provided with a third nozzle head; the inner wall of the main pipe is provided with at least one bulge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an atomizing nozzle, in particular to an atomizing nozzle for a riser of a catalytic cracking unit.
Background
The feed atomizing nozzle is used to atomize the material oil and return oil into fine liquid drops and spray them into riser, where the material oil is gasified and cracked under the action of catalyst at the temperature in the riser, and then passes through a separator to separate oil, gas and solvent and enter the next process.
The common feeding atomizing nozzle consists of a mixing cavity and a spraying section. In the mixing cavity, the atomized liquid meets the auxiliary atomized steam, and the auxiliary atomized steam is sheared and torn mutually to form mutually blended two-phase flow, and then the two-phase flow is sprayed out through the spray opening of the spraying section. These nozzles basically utilize the flow stability theory of fluid dynamics to generate as large a difference in vapor (liquid) two-phase velocity as possible in the mixing chamber to achieve the purpose of tearing and breaking up the liquid, but the effect is often not ideal because the nozzles based on this principle cannot reasonably utilize the energy of the atomized vapor.
The early atomizing nozzle at home and abroad is a throat nozzle, steam is directly sprayed into liquid in a nozzle mixing cavity through a pipe, the liquid is torn through shearing between the steam and the liquid, the nozzle is a common circular jet nozzle, the atomizing effect is good, flat fan-shaped spray jet required by a catalytic cracking process cannot be generated, the average atomizing particle size is more than 80-100 mu m, and the nozzle becomes a first-generation feeding nozzle.
After improvement, the second generation of feeding nozzles are generated, such as foreign target nozzles, domestic pre-film nozzles and other nozzles, the average atomization particle size of the nozzles is kept between 60 and 80 mu m, and the aims of tearing and crushing liquid are fulfilled by needing a great speed difference between steam (gas) and liquid phases, so that great steam (gas) inlet speed is needed, and some nozzles even reach or exceed the sound speed, have higher energy consumption and can generate pulsation. If this is not achieved, the nozzle is difficult to operate normally, the atomization effect is deteriorated sharply, and the operational flexibility is also affected. These nozzles also have difficulty producing flat fan spray jets that are also difficult to produce for the catalytic cracking process.
In the nineties, foreign oil companies increased research on feed nozzles, Mobil and Kellog companies began to collaborate in 1990 to develop research work on new atomizing nozzles, and in 1994 to develop a new feed nozzle Atomax; UOP company developed a new atomizing nozzle Optimix in 1995; the nozzles adopt different steam distribution structures and different nozzle forms in a mixing cavity, and the atomization average particle size is about 60 mu m; the Shell company develops a novel feeding nozzle in 1998, and applies for an invention patent CN98192423.3 in China, the nozzle is an external mixing type feeding nozzle, steam in the nozzle is mixed with raw oil at a nozzle, and the steam is used for driving the raw oil to be sprayed out from the nozzle; the nozzle described above can produce a flat fan-shaped spray jet as required for the catalytic cracking process, and is a third generation of novel atomized feed nozzle (see fig. 5). The third generation of novel atomizing nozzles all adopt primary pressure-changing intensified atomization, which is not beneficial to the uniform mixing of steam and raw oil.
Many petroleum refinery and chemical plant facilities utilize nozzles to distribute liquid and/or gaseous feedstocks to the facilities. In some plants, the performance of the nozzles that dispense the feedstock to the plant is of paramount importance to the capacity of the plant. In order to obtain optimum performance of the reactor, the nozzle must dispense the feedstock in a fine spray with uniform coverage and very small droplets. Such spraying increases the area of the feedstock droplets and facilitates contact between the feedstock droplets and the catalyst particles, however, it is difficult to achieve the desired performance with existing nozzles. Some nozzles utilize very small openings or complex head designs that are easily clogged by various impurities in the material, and the downtime and replacement costs are very disadvantageous in repairing such blockages, and existing nozzles are not capable of producing fine droplets and/or the desired spray pattern.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an atomizing nozzle for a riser of a catalytic cracking unit, which can achieve precise distribution of fine liquid droplets, thin layer spraying, without clogging.
To this end, the present invention provides an atomizing nozzle for a riser, the atomizing nozzle including a nozzle body,
the nozzle main body is a three-layer sleeve composed of an inner pipe, a main pipe and an outer pipe, wherein the two ends of the three-layer sleeve are respectively provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end of the inner pipe is positioned outside the main pipe, the outlet end of the inner pipe is positioned inside the main pipe, the outer pipe is arranged on the outer wall of the main pipe, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the outer pipe are both positioned outside the main pipe;
the outlet end of the main pipe is provided with a second nozzle head, the inlet end of the second nozzle head is connected with the outlet end of the main pipe, the outlet end of the second nozzle head extends to the outside of the main pipe, the cross-sectional area of the second nozzle head is gradually reduced towards the direction far away from the main pipe, and the longitudinal section of the second nozzle head is semicircular;
the outlet end of the inner tube is provided with a first nozzle head, the inlet end of the first nozzle head is connected with the outlet end of the inner tube, the outlet end of the first nozzle head is close to the outlet end of the second nozzle head, the first nozzle head is provided with at least one channel and at least one outlet end, and the cross-sectional area of the first nozzle head is gradually reduced towards the direction far away from the inner tube;
the outlet end of the outer pipe is provided with a third nozzle head, the inlet end of the third nozzle head is connected with the outlet end of the outer pipe, the outlet end of the third nozzle head extends to the outside of the outer pipe, the direction of the outlet end of the third nozzle head is consistent with the direction of the outlet end of the second nozzle head, and the outlet end of the third nozzle head is positioned below the first nozzle head;
the inner wall of the main pipe is provided with at least one bulge.
Wherein, an annular liquid pipeline, namely a dispersion medium conduit, is formed between the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the main pipe, and a pipeline with a reducing structure, namely a mixing cavity, is formed between the inner wall of the second nozzle head and the outer wall of the first nozzle head; the inlet end of the inner pipe is a raw oil feeding inlet, the inlet end of the main pipe is a dispersion medium inlet, and the inlet end of the outer pipe is a light raw material inlet.
The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to the present invention is preferably configured such that the inlet end of the outer tube is located above the inlet end of the main tube, and the outlet end of the outer tube is located below the outlet end of the inner tube.
The atomizing nozzle for the riser pipe is characterized in that the inner pipe, the main pipe and the outer pipe are preferably cylindrical sleeves, the inner pipe, the main pipe and the outer pipe preferably have the same longitudinal center line, and the inner pipe and the main pipe are preferably fixedly connected through positioning columns.
The atomizing nozzle for the riser pipe is characterized in that the first nozzle head is preferably of a truncated cone shape or a triangular longitudinal section, the second nozzle head is preferably of a half-drum shape or a truncated cone shape, and the first nozzle head and the second nozzle head preferably have the same longitudinal center line; the longitudinal centerline of the third nozzle head is preferably parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the first nozzle head.
The lift pipe of the present invention is an atomizing nozzle, wherein the outlet end of the first nozzle head preferably protrudes into the interior of the second nozzle head.
The atomizing nozzle for the riser pipe is characterized in that the distance between the outlet end of the first nozzle head and the outlet end of the second nozzle head is preferably 0.006-0.030 m.
In the atomizing nozzle for a riser according to the present invention, it is preferable that the outlet end of the first nozzle tip has a first planar structure, the outlet end of the second nozzle tip has a second planar structure, and the outlet end of the third nozzle tip has a third planar structure, and the first planar structure, the second planar structure, and the third planar structure are each provided with a plurality of holes.
The atomizing nozzle for the lifting pipe is characterized in that the number of the holes in the first planar structure is preferably greater than or equal to that of the holes in the second planar structure, the holes are preferably circular holes or duckbilled holes, the diameter of the circular holes is preferably 0.1-10 mm, and the length and width of each duckbilled hole are preferably 0.1-10 mm.
The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to the present invention is preferably configured such that an included angle between the inner wall of the first nozzle head and the inner wall of the inner pipe is β, β is 20 ° to 85 °, an included angle between the inner wall of the second nozzle head and the inner wall of the main pipe is α, α is 30 ° to 89 °, and a sum of α and β is 90 °.
The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to the present invention is preferably one wherein α is more preferably 35 ° to 65 °, and β is more preferably 25 ° to 55 °.
The vertical section of the bulge is preferably rectangular, semicircular, semi-elliptical or semi-rhombic.
The atomizing nozzle for the riser pipe is preferably provided with the protrusion located in the middle of the main pipe, and the distance between the midpoint of the protrusion and the outlet end of the main pipe is preferably 5% to 90%, and more preferably 50% to 90% of the distance between the inlet end and the outlet end of the main pipe.
The atomizing nozzle for the lifting pipe is characterized in that the radius of the main pipe is preferably 0.05-0.25 m, the radius of the inner pipe is preferably 0.04-0.20 m, and the radius of the outer pipe is preferably 0.03-0.18 m.
The atomizing nozzle for the riser pipe in the invention is preferably characterized in that a thermocouple sleeve is arranged on the outer wall of the inner pipe, and the thermocouple sleeve is arranged outside the main pipe and close to the inlet end of the inner pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) compared with the prior art, the inner wall of the main pipe is provided with at least one bulge, so that the atomization rate of the outlet of the nozzle is greatly improved, oil gas molecules are more favorably sheared, the atomization of the oil gas molecules is improved, and the generation of products with low added values is reduced; in the prior art, when the inner wall of the main pipe is not provided with the bulge, the linear velocity of oil gas of the nozzle of the lifting pipe is about 80m/s, but the secondary pressure change effect is achieved by arranging the bulge, the pressure of atomized steam can be better improved, oil gas molecules can be better sheared, the atomization effect of the oil gas molecules is improved, and the linear velocity of the nozzle of the lifting pipe can reach about 96 m/s.
(2) Compared with the prior art, the third path of feeding is added, so that the cracking of different oil gas at different positions can be realized, and the selectivity of a target product is improved;
(3) compared with the prior art, the nozzle at the top end of the main pipe, namely the second nozzle head, adopts a closed design (especially a half-drum type), so that the contact area of oil gas and the catalyst is increased, the slipping and local back mixing of the catalyst are reduced, the plug flow is more quickly approached, and the coking at the bottom of the riser is reduced;
(4) compared with the prior art, the invention is simple and practical and is easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an atomizing nozzle provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal partial sectional view of a side-feed reactor of an atomizing nozzle;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an atomizing nozzle;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of the first nozzle head and the second nozzle head in a three-dimensional structure;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a bottom feed reactor of the atomizing nozzle;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a prior art nozzle.
Wherein,
1-the second nozzle head,
101-outlet end of the second nozzle head (second planar configuration),
2-a raw oil feeding inlet,
21-oil and gas conduit (inner tube), 22-first nozzle head,
221-outlet end of the first nozzle head (first planar structure),
α -the angle between the second nozzle head and the inner wall of the dispersion medium conduit, β -the angle between the first nozzle head and the inner wall of the oil and gas conduit;
α '-the angle between the existing second nozzle head and the inner wall of the dispersion medium conduit and β' -the angle between the existing first nozzle head and the inner wall of the oil gas conduit;
3-an inlet for the dispersion medium,
31-protrusions, 32-mixing chamber, 33-conduit for dispersion medium,
4-the entrance of the light raw material,
41-light raw material conduit (outer tube), 42-third nozzle head, 421-outlet end of third nozzle head (third planar structure),
5-a thermocouple sleeve pipe is arranged in the cavity,
6-main pipe
701-atomizing nozzle, 702-riser reactor, 703-stripper, 704 oil gas, 705 flue gas, 706-regenerator,
7021-riser wall.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail: the present example is carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and processes are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and the experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following examples are generally performed according to conventional conditions.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an atomizing nozzle for a catalytic cracking apparatus, which includes a nozzle body,
the nozzle main body is a three-layer sleeve composed of an inner pipe 21, a main pipe 6 and an outer pipe 41, the two ends of the three-layer sleeve are respectively provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end of the inner pipe 21 is positioned outside the main pipe 6, the outlet end of the inner pipe 21 is positioned inside the main pipe 6, the outer pipe 41 is arranged on the outer wall of the main pipe 6, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the outer pipe are both positioned outside the main pipe 6;
the outlet end of the main pipe 6 is provided with a second nozzle head 1, the inlet end of the second nozzle head 1 is connected with the outlet end of the main pipe 6, the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1 extends to the outside of the main pipe 6, the cross section area of the second nozzle head 1 is gradually reduced towards the direction far away from the main pipe, and the cross section of the second nozzle head 1 is circular;
the outlet end of the inner tube 21 is provided with a first nozzle head 22, the inlet end of the first nozzle head 22 is connected with the outlet end of the inner tube 21, the outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 is close to the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1, the first nozzle head 22 is provided with at least one channel and at least one outlet end, the cross-sectional area of the first nozzle head 22 is gradually reduced towards the direction far away from the inner tube;
the outlet end of the outer pipe 41 is provided with a third nozzle head 42, the inlet end of the third nozzle head 42 is connected with the outlet end of the outer pipe 41, the outlet end of the third nozzle head 42 extends to the outside of the outer pipe 42, the direction of the outlet end of the third nozzle head 42 is consistent with the direction of the outlet end of the second nozzle head 22, and the outlet end of the third nozzle head 42 is positioned below the first nozzle head 22;
at least one protrusion 31 is arranged on the inner wall of the main pipe 6.
Wherein the inlet end of the outer tube 41 is located above the inlet end of the main tube 6, and the outlet end of the outer tube 41 is located below the outlet end of the inner tube 21.
The inner tube 21, the main tube 6 and the outer tube 41 are all cylindrical sleeves, the inner tube 21, the main tube 6 and the outer tube 41 have the same longitudinal center line, and the inner tube 21 and the main tube 6 are fixedly connected through a positioning column (not shown).
Wherein, the first nozzle head 22 is in a cone shape or the longitudinal section thereof is in a triangle shape, the second nozzle head 1 is in a half-drum shape or a cone shape, and the first nozzle head 22 and the second nozzle head 1 have the same longitudinal central line; the longitudinal centerline of the third nozzle tip 42 is parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the first nozzle tip 22.
The outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 extends into the second nozzle head 1, and the distance between the outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 and the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1 is 0.006-0.030 m.
Wherein the outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 is a first planar structure 221, the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1 is a second planar structure 101, the outlet end of the third nozzle head 42 is a third planar structure 421, and a plurality of holes are arranged on the first planar structure 221, the second planar structure 101 and the third planar structure 421.
The number of the holes in the first planar structure 221 is greater than or equal to the number of the holes in the second planar structure 101, the holes are circular holes or duckbill-shaped holes, the diameter of each circular hole is 0.1-10 mm, and the length and the width of each duckbill-shaped hole are 0.1-10 mm respectively.
Wherein the included angle between the inner wall of the first nozzle head 22 and the inner wall of the inner tube 21 is β -85 degrees, the included angle between the inner wall of the second nozzle head 1 and the inner wall of the main tube 6 is α -89 degrees, and the sum of α and β is 90 degrees.
In another embodiment of the invention, α is 35-65 °, β is 25-55 °.
In addition, the angle β between the inner wall of the first nozzle tip 22 and the inner wall of the inner tube 21 and the angle α between the inner wall of the second nozzle tip 1 and the inner wall of the main tube 6 are close to each other, preferably differ by no more than 30 °, and most preferably by no more than 10 °.
Wherein, the longitudinal section of the protrusion 31 is rectangular, semicircular, semi-elliptical or semi-rhombic.
Wherein, the bulge 31 is positioned in the middle of the main pipe 6, and the distance between the midpoint of the bulge 31 and the outlet end of the main pipe 6 is 50-90% of the distance between the inlet end and the outlet end of the main pipe 6.
Wherein, an annular liquid pipeline, namely a dispersion medium conduit 33 is formed between the outer wall of the inner pipe 21 and the inner wall of the main pipe 6, and a pipeline with a reducing structure, namely a mixing cavity 32 is formed between the inner wall of the second nozzle head 1 and the outer wall of the first nozzle head 22; the inner pipe 21 is an oil-gas guide pipe, the inlet end of the inner pipe 21 is a raw oil feeding inlet 2, and the inlet end of the main pipe 6 is a dispersion medium inlet 3; the inlet end of the outer pipe 41 is a light raw material inlet 4, the radius of the main pipe 6 is 0.05-0.25 m, the radius of the inner pipe 21 is 0.04-0.20 m, and the radius of the outer pipe 41 is 0.03-0.18 m.
In one embodiment of the invention, the radius of the main tube 6 is 0.1m, 0.25m, 0.12m or 0.2 m.
In one embodiment of the invention, the radius of the outer tube 41 is 0.05m, 0.25m, 0.1m, 0.12m or 0.2 m.
Wherein, the outer wall of the inner pipe 21 is provided with a thermocouple sleeve 5, and the thermocouple sleeve 5 is arranged outside the main pipe 6 and close to the inlet end of the inner pipe 21.
In one embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the second nozzle head 1 is a half-drum type, the first nozzle head 22 is a circular truncated cone type, the first nozzle head 22 and the second nozzle head 1 have the same longitudinal center line, the first nozzle head 22 extends into the second nozzle head 1, the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1 extends outwardly beyond the outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 by a distance, and the distance between the outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 and the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1 is 0.006-0.030 m, which is suitable for spraying the water vapor and the heavy oil hydrocarbon into the catalytic cracking reactor in a substantially uniform atomization manner.
In another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the second nozzle head 1 is of a half drum type, and the first nozzle head 22 is triangular in longitudinal section.
In all the above embodiments, when the second nozzle head is of a half-drum type, the contact area between the oil gas and the catalyst (the catalyst is from the regenerator through the regeneration inclined tube) can be increased, and the slipping and partial back mixing of the catalyst are reduced, so that the catalyst can more rapidly approach the plug flow, and the coking at the bottom of the riser is reduced.
When the feeding atomizing nozzle works normally, heavy oil hydrocarbon enters the inner pipe 21 through the raw oil feeding inlet 2, is heated by the thermocouple sleeve 5 and then enters the oil-gas conduit 21 to be sprayed out from the first nozzle head 22, meanwhile, water vapor enters the dispersion medium conduit 33 through the dispersion medium inlet 3, the water vapor is contacted with the heavy oil hydrocarbon in the mixing cavity 32, and the mixing cavity 32 is of a reducing structure along the flowing direction of the water vapor and the hydrocarbon, so that the water vapor enters the hydrocarbon to form a fine two-phase mixture of water vapor bubbles sprayed out of the hydrocarbon oil mixture, the heavy oil hydrocarbon and the water vapor are quickly and fully mixed in the mixing cavity 32, meanwhile, the flow rate of the mixed material is accelerated, and finally the mixed material is sprayed out by the second atomizing nozzle 1.
It can be seen that the second nozzle head 1 is used to atomize the steam and heavy oil hydrocarbons into the catalytic cracking reactor substantially uniformly, so that the mixture of steam and heavy oil hydrocarbons is fed into the catalytic cracking reactor; the channels at the outlet end of the mixing chamber 32 are not blocked, and the heavy oil feedstock and the outlet end of the gas pipeline flow to form a cold-heat conversion function, so that the heavy oil feedstock is prevented from being blocked due to coking.
Steam and/or light raw materials enter from the light raw material inlet 4, enter the third nozzle head 42 through the conduit 41, and pre-react with the regenerated catalyst to pre-lift the catalyst.
The feed atomizing nozzle of the present invention is suitable for use in a process of catalytically cracking a heavy oil hydrocarbon, as shown in fig. 5 and 2, in which the heavy oil hydrocarbon is preheated and mixed with steam, passes through the atomizing nozzle 701, and is fed into a riser catalytic cracking reactor 702, the heavy oil hydrocarbon is then contacted with a cracking catalyst to produce light hydrocarbons and a spent catalyst coated with a coke layer, the light hydrocarbons are discharged from the reactor through a stripper 703 to obtain an oil gas 704, a portion of the catalyst coated with coke is fed into a regeneration reactor 706, and at least a portion of the coke on the spent catalyst is burned off to regenerate the catalyst and thereby produce a flue gas 705.
One aspect of the present invention is to provide an atomizing nozzle for feeding heavy oil hydrocarbons into the riser catalytic cracking reactor 702, which is mounted generally horizontally (as shown in fig. 5), vertically, or obliquely in the riser reactor, although other orientations are possible. When the atomizing nozzle is mounted vertically, the nozzle typically extends upwardly from the bottom or inlet end of the reactor; when the atomizing nozzles are not mounted vertically, the nozzles typically extend from the riser wall 7021 at a position somewhere between vertical and horizontal (see FIG. 2), and different positioning typically requires different outlet end designs, as the desired spray pattern depends on the orientation of the nozzles. The nozzle of the present invention is adaptable to all of these orientations and thus the shape of the holes in the second outlet end 1 can be varied to achieve the desired spray pattern.
Typically, for vertically mounted atomizing nozzles, the holes in the second nozzle head 1 may be made square, circular, oval, slit-shaped or other non-linear shapes to form a spray suitable for a pipe.
The first nozzle head 22 is attached to the outlet end of the inner tube 21, optionally by various conventional means such as screwing or welding, which is also suitable for the connection of the second nozzle head 1 to the outer tube 6.
The second nozzle head 1 has at least one outlet, and if the second nozzle head 1 has two outlets, the first nozzle head 22 should comprise at least two open channels corresponding to the outlets of the second nozzle head 1, respectively.
Example 1
The atomizing nozzle for the riser of the catalytic cracking unit adopted in this embodiment includes a nozzle main body, the nozzle main body is a three-layer sleeve composed of an inner tube 21, a main tube 6 and an outer tube 41, two ends of the three-layer sleeve are respectively an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end of the inner tube 21 is located outside the main tube 6, the outlet end of the inner tube 21 is located inside the main tube 6, the outer tube 41 is arranged on the outer wall of the main tube 6, and the inlet end and the outlet end are both located outside the main tube 6;
the outlet end of the main pipe 6 is provided with a second nozzle head 1, the inlet end of the second nozzle head 1 is connected with the outlet end of the main pipe 6, the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1 extends to the outside of the main pipe 6, and the second nozzle head 1 is in a half-drum shape;
the outlet end of the inner pipe 21 is provided with a first nozzle head 22, the inlet end of the first nozzle head 22 is connected with the outlet end of the inner pipe 21, the outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 is close to the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1, the distance between the outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 and the outlet end of the second nozzle head 1 is 0.020m, the first nozzle head 22 is provided with a channel and an outlet end, the cross-sectional area of the first nozzle head 22 is gradually reduced towards the direction far away from the inner pipe, and the longitudinal section of the first nozzle head 22 is triangular;
the outlet end of the outer pipe 41 is provided with a third nozzle head 42, the inlet end of the third nozzle head 42 is connected with the outlet end of the outer pipe 41, the outlet end of the third nozzle head 42 extends to the outside of the outer pipe 42, the direction of the outlet end of the third nozzle head 42 is consistent with the direction of the outlet end of the second nozzle head 22, and the outlet end of the third nozzle head 42 is positioned below the first nozzle head 22;
the inner wall of the main pipe 6 is provided with a bulge 31, the longitudinal section of the bulge 31 is rectangular, the bulge 31 is positioned in the middle of the main pipe 6, and the distance between the midpoint of the bulge 31 and the outlet end of the main pipe 6 is 60% of the distance between the inlet end and the outlet end of the main pipe 6.
Wherein, an annular liquid pipeline, namely a dispersion medium conduit 33 is formed between the outer wall of the inner pipe 21 and the inner wall of the main pipe 6, and a pipeline with a reducing structure, namely a mixing cavity 32 is formed between the inner wall of the second nozzle head 1 and the outer wall of the first nozzle head 22; the inner pipe 21 is an oil-gas guide pipe, the inlet end of the inner pipe 21 is a raw oil feeding inlet, and the inlet end of the main pipe 6 is a dispersion medium inlet; the radius of the main tube 6 is 0.2m, the radius of the inner tube 21 is 0.11m, and the radius of the outer tube 41 is 0.1 m.
Wherein, the outer wall of the inner tube 21 is provided with a thermocouple sleeve 5, specifically, the thermocouple sleeve 5 is arranged outside the main tube 6 and close to the inlet end of the inner tube 21.
Specifically, the inner tube 21, the main tube 6 and the outer tube 41 are all cylindrical sleeves, the inner tube 21 and the main tube 6 have the same longitudinal center line, the longitudinal center line of the third nozzle head 42 is parallel to the longitudinal center line of the first nozzle head 22, and the inner tube 21 and the main tube 6 are fixedly connected by a positioning column (not shown).
Specifically, the outlet end of the first nozzle head 22 is a first planar structure 221, the outlet end of the second nozzle head 42 is a second planar structure 101, the outlet end of the third nozzle head 42 is a third planar structure 421, the first planar structure 221 is provided with 6 holes (the diameter is 1mm), the second planar structure 101 is provided with 4 holes (the diameter is 1mm), and the third planar structure 421 is provided with 4 holes (the diameter is 0.5 mm).
The angle between the inner wall of the first nozzle head 22 and the inner wall of the inner tube 21 is β, said β is 45 °, the angle between the inner wall of the second nozzle head 1 and the inner wall of the outer tube 6 is α, said α is 45 °.
Adopt water and decompression wax oil to feed respectively, water becomes vapor and gets into vapor pipeline promptly dispersion medium pipe after the heating, and decompression wax oil gets into heavy oil annular duct promptly oil gas pipe, and the rate of feed, the feed pressure and the temperature of decompression wax oil at raw oil feedstock inlet 2 are respectively: 1.7kg/h, 0.02Mpa, 300 ℃; the feed rate, feed pressure and temperature of the water vapor at the dispersion medium inlet 3 were respectively: 4g/min, 0.02Mpa, 500 ℃; the light raw material adopts gasoline, the gasoline enters the light raw material guide pipe 41 from the light raw material inlet 4, and the feeding speed, the feeding pressure and the temperature of the gasoline at the light raw material inlet 4 are respectively as follows: 4g/min, 0.02MPa and 360 ℃.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the existing atomizing nozzle shown in fig. 6 is used, and the tube wall is not provided with projections, wherein β 'is 45 ° and α' is 40 °.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
From table 1, it can be seen that the feed nozzle assembly of the present invention has superior performance in the experiment. Due to the addition of the mixing chamber, it is important to have a smaller droplet size for uniform dispersion and uniform contact with the catalyst, thereby avoiding non-selective reactions.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention be considered as within the following claims.
Claims (14)
1. An atomizing nozzle for a riser, characterized in that the atomizing nozzle comprises a nozzle body,
the nozzle main body is a three-layer sleeve composed of an inner pipe, a main pipe and an outer pipe, wherein the two ends of the three-layer sleeve are respectively provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end of the inner pipe is positioned outside the main pipe, the outlet end of the inner pipe is positioned inside the main pipe, the outer pipe is arranged on the outer wall of the main pipe, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the outer pipe are both positioned outside the main pipe;
the outlet end of the main pipe is provided with a second nozzle head, the inlet end of the second nozzle head is connected with the outlet end of the main pipe, the outlet end of the second nozzle head extends to the outside of the main pipe, the cross-sectional area of the second nozzle head is gradually reduced towards the direction far away from the main pipe, and the longitudinal section of the second nozzle head is semicircular;
the outlet end of the inner tube is provided with a first nozzle head, the inlet end of the first nozzle head is connected with the outlet end of the inner tube, the outlet end of the first nozzle head is close to the outlet end of the second nozzle head, the first nozzle head is provided with at least one channel and at least one outlet end, and the cross-sectional area of the first nozzle head is gradually reduced towards the direction far away from the inner tube;
the outlet end of the outer pipe is provided with a third nozzle head, the inlet end of the third nozzle head is connected with the outlet end of the outer pipe, the outlet end of the third nozzle head extends to the outside of the outer pipe, the direction of the outlet end of the third nozzle head is consistent with the direction of the outlet end of the second nozzle head, and the outlet end of the third nozzle head is positioned below the first nozzle head;
the inner wall of the main pipe is provided with at least one bulge.
2. The atomizing nozzle for a riser of claim 1, wherein the inlet end of the outer tube is positioned above the inlet end of the main tube and the outlet end of the outer tube is positioned below the outlet end of the inner tube.
3. The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 1, wherein the inner tube, the main tube and the outer tube are cylindrical sleeves, the inner tube, the main tube and the outer tube have the same longitudinal centerline, and the inner tube and the main tube are fixedly connected by a positioning post.
4. An atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 1, characterized in that said first nozzle head is of a truncated cone type or a triangular shape in longitudinal section and said second nozzle head is of a half drum type or a truncated cone type, said first nozzle head and said second nozzle head having the same longitudinal center line; the longitudinal centerline of the third nozzle head is parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the first nozzle head.
5. An atomizing nozzle for a riser as set forth in claim 1, wherein the outlet end of the first nozzle tip extends into the interior of the second nozzle tip.
6. The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 5, wherein a distance between an outlet end of the first nozzle tip and an outlet end of the second nozzle tip is 0.006 to 0.030 m.
7. An atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 1, wherein the outlet end of the first nozzle tip is of a first planar configuration, the outlet end of the second nozzle tip is of a second planar configuration, and the outlet end of the third nozzle tip is of a third planar configuration, and wherein a plurality of apertures are disposed in each of the first planar configuration, the second planar configuration, and the third planar configuration.
8. The atomizing nozzle for the lifting pipe according to claim 7, wherein the number of the holes on the first planar structure is greater than or equal to the number of the holes on the second planar structure, the holes are circular holes or duckbill-shaped holes, the diameter of the circular holes is 0.1-10 mm, and the length and width dimensions of the duckbill-shaped holes are 0.1-10 mm respectively.
9. An atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the inner wall of the first nozzle head and the inner wall of the inner tube is β, the angle between β is 20 ° to 85 °, the angle between the inner wall of the second nozzle head and the inner wall of the main tube is α, the angle between α ° to 89 °, and the sum of α and β is 90 °.
10. An atomising nozzle as claimed in claim 9, in which the α is 35 ° to 65 ° and the β is 25 ° to 55 °.
11. The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal cross-section of the protrusion is rectangular, semicircular, semi-elliptical, or semi-diamond.
12. The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion is located at a middle portion of the main tube, and a distance between a midpoint of the protrusion and the outlet end of the main tube is 5% to 90% of a distance between the inlet end and the outlet end of the main tube.
13. The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 1, wherein the radius of the main tube is 0.05 to 0.25m, the radius of the inner tube is 0.04 to 0.20m, and the radius of the outer tube is 0.03 to 0.18 m.
14. The atomizing nozzle for a riser according to claim 1, wherein a thermocouple sleeve is disposed on an outer wall of the inner tube, the thermocouple sleeve being disposed outside the main tube and proximate to the inlet end of the inner tube.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811157955.2A CN110961268A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Atomizing nozzle for lifting pipe |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811157955.2A CN110961268A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Atomizing nozzle for lifting pipe |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4795547A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1989-01-03 | Shell Oil Company | Process for contacting particulate solids with a fluid |
| CN101838546A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2010-09-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Reactor and method for preparing propylene by method of group feeding of heavy oil and light olefin |
| CN201900063U (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-07-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Bubble atomizing nozzle |
| CN203842732U (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-09-24 | 陆奇志 | Liquid atomizing nozzle |
| CN207385184U (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2018-05-22 | 陈峰华 | A kind of three wear-resisting desulfurization atomising devices of runner air force |
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2018
- 2018-09-30 CN CN201811157955.2A patent/CN110961268A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4795547A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1989-01-03 | Shell Oil Company | Process for contacting particulate solids with a fluid |
| CN101838546A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2010-09-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Reactor and method for preparing propylene by method of group feeding of heavy oil and light olefin |
| CN201900063U (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-07-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Bubble atomizing nozzle |
| CN203842732U (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-09-24 | 陆奇志 | Liquid atomizing nozzle |
| CN207385184U (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2018-05-22 | 陈峰华 | A kind of three wear-resisting desulfurization atomising devices of runner air force |
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Application publication date: 20200407 |