CN110943717B - Pulse modulator - Google Patents
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- CN110943717B CN110943717B CN202010029094.0A CN202010029094A CN110943717B CN 110943717 B CN110943717 B CN 110943717B CN 202010029094 A CN202010029094 A CN 202010029094A CN 110943717 B CN110943717 B CN 110943717B
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K7/00—Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
- H03K7/06—Frequency or rate modulation, i.e. PFM or PRM
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- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a pulse modulator, which belongs to the technical field of high voltage and comprises a power supply, a control unit, an energy storage unit, an accurate triggering unit, a TESLA transformer with built-in pulse forming wires, a main switch, a diode and the like, wherein the energy storage unit is used for storing electric energy and compressing first-stage energy, the TESLA transformer with built-in pulse forming wires is used for pulse boosting and energy transmission, and the main switch is used for compressing second-stage energy. The pulse modulator provided by the invention has the advantages of small quantity of separated components, small volume, light weight and the like by optimizing the internal circuit structure and systematically integrating the integrated components, really realizes the miniaturization and the compactness of the high-voltage high-current pulse modulator in engineering, and lays a foundation for practical application in multiple fields and occasions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pulse modulator, belongs to the technical field of high voltage, and particularly relates to a miniaturized high-voltage high-current pulse modulator, and the application range comprises but is not limited to: high voltage pulse generation, microwave generation, X-ray generation, biological medicine, material treatment, environmental protection treatment, environmental management, facility agriculture and other fields.
Background
The high voltage technology, in particular, the instantaneous high voltage technology is a technology for storing low-voltage and low-power electric energy and generating ultra-high voltage after boost conversion and instantaneous compression. The high-voltage high-current pulse modulator is an important high-voltage generating device, the output voltage of which can reach hundreds of thousands of volts, and the current of which can reach thousands of amperes. Currently, high voltage high current pulse modulators are mainly of the TESLA type, MARX type and LTD type. MARX type and LTD type high voltage high current pulse modulators belong to voltage superposition type, i.e. a plurality of low voltages are superposed to form high voltage high current. The basic operating principle of a TESLA type high-voltage high-current pulse modulator can be simply expressed as "boost conversion, pulse shaping". Firstly, electric energy is stored in a low voltage mode, after a switch is conducted at a certain moment, the electric energy is discharged to a TESLA transformer, after the electric energy is boosted by the TESLA transformer and is shaped by a pulse forming line, the electric energy is discharged to a load through the conducted switch, and finally, high-voltage and high-current pulses are generated on the load.
Currently, TESLA type high-voltage high-current pulse modulators are mainly used for basic scientific research, such as thunderstorm simulation, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, high-energy physics, and the like. In order to ensure that the TESLA high-voltage high-current pulse modulator can stably operate for a long time, the design of the redundancy of insulation and voltage resistance is very large, an additional cooling system is added, and the discrete components are more and the integration degree is low, so that the whole system is huge in volume and weight and cannot be widely popularized in terms of several tons.
Disclosure of Invention
Against the background of the technology, the invention provides a miniaturized high-voltage high-current pulse modulator which aims at the problems of unreasonable structural layout, more discrete components, huge volume and weight, difficult practicality and the like of the existing TESLA high-voltage high-current pulse modulator, and really realizes the miniaturization and compactness of the high-voltage high-current pulse modulator in engineering by optimizing the internal circuit structure and systematically integrating the components, thereby laying a foundation for practical application in multiple fields and occasions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A pulse modulator comprises a laser triggering channel, a main switch, a switch insulating support body, a transformer primary side, a transformer secondary side, a pulse forming wire outer cylinder, a pulse forming wire inner cylinder, a transformer power supply end, an inner cylinder support body and a packaging shell, wherein: the laser triggering channel is arranged at one end of the packaging shell and is used for docking the accurate triggering unit; the main switch is arranged in the packaging shell and is positioned at one side close to the laser triggering channel, one end of the main switch is connected with the built-in transformer, the other end of the main switch is connected with the high-voltage high-current pulse output port, and the main switch is controlled by the accurate triggering unit to realize instantaneous discharge of the transformer; the switch insulating support body is used for supporting the main switch and isolating the main switch from the pulse forming line; the primary side of the transformer is a multi-turn coiled metal strip and is arranged at the middle side position inside the packaging shell; the secondary side of the transformer is of a cone-shaped structure formed by densely winding thin metal wires and is arranged in the primary side of the transformer; the pulse forming wire outer cylinder is a metal cylinder, the outer wall of the metal cylinder is connected with the secondary side of the transformer, one end of the metal cylinder is connected with an electrode of the main switch, and the other end of the metal cylinder is opened; the pulse forming wire inner cylinder is of a cylindrical or columnar structure and is coaxially arranged in the pulse forming wire outer cylinder through an inner cylinder supporting body; one end of the power supply end of the transformer is connected with an external power supply, and the other end of the power supply end of the transformer is connected with the transformer.
Preferably, the transformer is a coaxial cone TESLA transformer with built-in pulse forming wires.
Preferably, the main switch is internally filled with high-pressure gas with 1-2 atmospheres, and the high-pressure gas comprises one or more of nitrogen, hydrogen and SF 6 gas.
Preferably, the laser triggering channel is communicated with the inside of the main switch, is sealed by a light-transmitting body and is used for isolating high-pressure gas in the main switch.
Preferably, the pulse forming wire sleeve comprises three structures: smooth metal cylinder, metal cylinder engraved with spiral grooves, metal cylinder engraved with periodic spacing grooves.
Preferably, the package housing is internally filled with a liquid medium with high insulation strength.
Preferably, the electrode of the main switch is made of ablation-resistant metal or alloy material.
Preferably, the high-voltage high-current pulse generator further comprises a diode arranged at the other end of the packaging shell, one end of the diode is connected with the pulse forming wire inner cylinder, and the other end of the diode is connected with the high-voltage high-current pulse output port.
Preferably, the device further comprises a power supply, a control unit, an energy storage unit and an accurate triggering unit, wherein: the power supply is used for providing electric energy for the control unit, the energy storage unit and the accurate triggering unit; the control unit is used for controlling the charging or discharging of the energy storage unit on one hand and controlling the starting or closing of the accurate triggering unit on the other hand; the energy storage unit consists of an energy storage switch and an energy storage, and the energy storage switch is controlled by the control unit to store electric energy in the energy storage on one hand and release the electric energy in the energy storage to the transformer on the other hand; the accurate triggering unit is used for switching on or switching off the main switch.
Preferably, the precise triggering unit is a small controllable laser, the small controllable laser is used for generating time-controllable and intensity-controllable laser, the laser is focused in the main switch through a laser triggering channel, and the main switch is controlled to be conducted through ionized gas.
The pulse modulator provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The miniaturized high-voltage high-current pulse modulator provided by the invention is beneficial to reducing the volume and the weight of the pulse modulator and reducing the production and manufacturing cost, has the advantages of small quantity of separated components, small volume, light weight and the like by optimizing the internal circuit structure and systematically integrating the integrated components, fully expands the application range after miniaturization, and is a premise and guarantee for realizing the wide popularization and market application of the high-voltage high-current pulse modulator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the core components of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the core components of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a representative output parameter list of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an output waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, a 1-laser triggering channel, a 2-main switch, a 3-switch insulating support body, a 4-transformer primary side, a 5-transformer secondary side, a 6-pulse forming wire outer cylinder, a 7-pulse forming wire inner cylinder, an 8-transformer power supply end, a 9-inner cylinder support body, a 10-packaging shell and an 11-diode.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a pulse modulator includes a power supply, a control unit, an energy storage unit, a TESLA transformer with built-in pulse forming lines, a main switch, and an accurate triggering unit. The power supply supplies electric energy to the control unit, the energy storage unit, the accurate triggering unit and other units. The control unit is used for completing the functions of time sequence triggering, state monitoring, energy supplementing, logic management, emergency management, fault detection and the like of the whole system, the control unit is composed of an existing FPGA and peripheral circuits and specifically comprises an A/D interface, a D/A interface, an optical fiber interface and the like, the energy storage unit is used for completing electric energy storage and first-stage energy compression, the TESLA transformer with built-in pulse forming lines plays roles in pulse boosting and energy transmission, the main switch is used for completing second-stage energy compression, and the accurate triggering unit plays roles in reducing system jitter and guaranteeing accurate synchronous operation.
The energy storage unit is composed of an energy storage switch and an energy storage, and the energy storage switch is controlled by the control unit to store electric energy in the energy storage on one hand and release the electric energy in the energy storage to the transformer on the other hand. In this embodiment, the energy storage device is composed of a basic capacitor or inductor, the energy storage switch may be a thyristor, firstly, the electric energy provided by the power supply is stored in a loop composed of the capacitor, the inductor and the resistor, and secondly, when a certain moment is reached, the thyristor switch is triggered to conduct, and the stored electric energy is released to the TESLA transformer with built-in pulse forming line, so as to complete the first-stage energy compression.
It should be further noted that, the precise triggering unit is used for turning on or off the main switch 2, in this embodiment, the precise triggering unit is a small controllable laser, the small controllable laser is used for generating time-controllable and intensity-controllable laser, the laser is focused inside the main switch 2 through the laser triggering channel 1, and the main switch 2 is controlled to be turned on through ionized gas. The accurate triggering unit plays roles in reducing system jitter and ensuring accurate synchronous operation.
In this embodiment, the main switch 2 is a gas spark gap switch. Specifically, the inside of the main switch 2 is filled with high-pressure gas with 1-2 atmospheres, the high-pressure gas comprises one or more of nitrogen, hydrogen and SF 6 gas, and the electrode of the main switch 2 is made of ablation-resistant metal or alloy materials, and priority is given to: tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten or copper tungsten alloys.
The specific structure is as follows: the packaging shell 10 is a metal shell structure of the modulator, the shell is connected with the ground, no electricity is generated outside, except for the inflation inside the main switch 2, the other parts of the internal space are filled with liquid medium with high insulation strength, and the liquid medium can be transformer oil, glycerol, ethanol, esters or mixtures, so as to ensure the electrical insulation among all the components.
One end of the shell is provided with a laser triggering channel 1, the other end of the shell is provided with a high-voltage high-current pulse output port, a main switch 2 is arranged in the packaging shell 10 through a switch insulating support body 3 and is close to the laser triggering channel 1, one end of the switch is connected with a TESLA transformer with a built-in pulse forming wire, and the other end of the switch is connected with a diode. The main switch generally adopts a gas spark gap switch, and the second-stage energy compression and transmission are completed after the switch is conducted, and a switch insulating support body 3 is used for supporting the main switch 2 and isolating the main switch 2 from a pulse forming line.
In the figure, the primary side 4 of the transformer is a multi-turn coiled metal strip and is arranged at the inner middle side of the packaging shell 10; the secondary side 5 of the transformer is of a cone-shaped structure formed by densely winding thin metal wires and is arranged in the primary side 4 of the transformer; the pulse forming wire outer cylinder 6 is a metal cylinder, the outer wall of the metal cylinder is connected with the secondary side 5 of the transformer, one end of the metal cylinder is connected with the electrode of the main switch 2, and the other end of the metal cylinder is opened; the pulse forming wire inner cylinder 7 is of a cylindrical or columnar structure, and the pulse forming wire inner cylinder 7 is coaxially arranged inside the pulse forming wire outer cylinder 6 through an inner cylinder supporting body 9; one end of the transformer power supply end 8 is connected with an external power supply, and the other end of the transformer power supply end 8 is connected with a transformer.
In particular, the pulse forming wire is coaxially arranged inside the TESLA transformer,
Specifically, the pulse forming wire outer tube 6 includes three structures: smooth metal cylinder, metal cylinder engraved with spiral grooves, metal cylinder engraved with periodic spacing grooves.
Example two
A diode is added on the basis of the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a diode 11 is arranged at the other end of the package housing 10, and the diode 11 is connected with the pulse forming wire inner cylinder 7, in this scheme, the diode is a high-voltage high-current pulse output port of the whole modulator.
The pulse modulators described in the first and second embodiments have typical output parameters as shown in fig. 5, and the miniaturized high-voltage high-current pulse modulator according to the present invention can generate electric pulses with a voltage ranging from 10 v to 50 v and an electric power ranging from about 1 gigawatt to 5 gigawatts (1 gigawatt=10 9 watts). The electrical pulse width is between 2 ns-50 ns (1 ns=10 -9 s). The working mode of the miniaturized high-voltage high-current pulse modulator is pulse burst mode, namely, a limited number of electric pulses are released after one-time charging, and recharging and recycling are carried out after the releasing is finished. The system weight of the miniaturized TESLA type strong current pulse modulator is in direct proportion to the output electric parameter. For example, when the voltage is 10 kilovolts, the current is 1 kiloamp-2 kiloamps, the pulse width is 2 nanoseconds-5 nanoseconds, and the repetition frequency is less than 5 hertz, the weight of the system can be controlled within 10 kilograms. When the voltage is 50 kilovolts, the current is 10 kiloamperes, the pulse width is 50 nanoseconds and the repetition frequency is more than 20 hertz, the weight of the system is more than 100 kilograms.
Fig. 6 shows a miniaturized high voltage high current pulse modulator output waveform obtained by applying the present invention. The result is that the diode end is externally connected with a resistor voltage divider of 1:10000, and then is acquired by an oscilloscope in real time, the repetition frequency is 20 Hz, and 20 electric pulses are released after one-time charging. In fig. 6, T r is a rising edge, indicating the rate of establishment of the high-voltage pulse. T p is the plateau time, representing the peak duration of the high voltage pulse. T f is the falling edge, indicating the decay rate of the high voltage pulse. The waveform consistency is good when the voltage of about 45 kilovolts is repeatedly generated. The results collected in real time all overlap together, the deviation is small, the consistency is high, the system can be operated stably and reliably.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a pulse modulator, its characterized in that includes laser trigger passageway (1), main switch (2), switch insulation supporter (3), transformer primary side (4), transformer secondary side (5), pulse formation line urceolus (6), pulse formation line inner tube (7), transformer power supply end (8), inner tube supporter (9) and encapsulation shell (10), wherein:
The laser triggering channel (1) is arranged at one end of the packaging shell (10) and is used for docking the accurate triggering unit;
The main switch (2) is arranged in the packaging shell (10) and is positioned at one side close to the laser triggering channel (1), one end of the main switch (2) is connected with the built-in transformer, the other end of the main switch (2) is connected with the high-voltage high-current pulse output port, and the main switch (2) is controlled by the accurate triggering unit to realize instantaneous discharge of the transformer;
The switch insulating support body (3) is used for supporting the main switch (2) and isolating the main switch (2) from the pulse forming line;
the primary side (4) of the transformer is a multi-turn coiled metal belt and is arranged at the middle side position inside the packaging shell (10);
the secondary side (5) of the transformer is of a cone-shaped structure formed by densely winding thin metal wires and is arranged in the primary side (4) of the transformer;
The pulse forming wire outer cylinder (6) is a metal cylinder, the outer wall of the metal cylinder is connected with the secondary side (5) of the transformer, one end of the metal cylinder is connected with the electrode of the main switch (2), and the other end of the metal cylinder is opened;
The pulse forming wire inner cylinder (7) is of a cylindrical or columnar structure, and the pulse forming wire inner cylinder (7) is coaxially arranged inside the pulse forming wire outer cylinder (6) through an inner cylinder supporting body (9);
one end of the transformer power supply end (8) is connected with an external power supply, and the other end of the transformer power supply end (8) is connected with a transformer.
2. The pulse modulator of claim 1, wherein the transformer is a coaxial cone TESLA transformer with built-in pulse forming wires.
3. The pulse modulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the main switch (2) is internally filled with a high pressure gas of 1-2 atmospheres, including one or more of nitrogen, hydrogen, SF 6 gas.
4. The pulse modulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser trigger channel (1) communicates with the interior of the main switch (2), the laser trigger channel (1) being sealed by a light-transmitting body and being adapted to isolate high-pressure gas inside the main switch (2).
5. Pulse modulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulse forming wire outer cylinder (6) comprises three structures: smooth metal cylinder, metal cylinder engraved with spiral grooves, metal cylinder engraved with periodic spacing grooves.
6. Pulse modulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the inside of the encapsulation housing (10) is filled with a liquid medium of high dielectric strength.
7. A pulse modulator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes of the main switch (2) are made of a metal or alloy material resistant to ablation.
8. The pulse modulator according to claim 1, further comprising a diode (11) provided at the other end of the package housing (10), wherein one end of the diode (11) is connected to the pulse forming wire inner cylinder (7), and the other end of the diode (11) is connected to the high-voltage high-current pulse output port.
9. The pulse modulator of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a power supply, a control unit, an energy storage unit, and a precision triggering unit, wherein:
The power supply is used for providing electric energy for the control unit, the energy storage unit and the accurate triggering unit;
The control unit is used for controlling the charging or discharging of the energy storage unit on one hand and controlling the accurate triggering unit to start or close on the other hand;
the energy storage unit consists of an energy storage switch and an energy storage, and the energy storage switch is controlled by the control unit to store electric energy in the energy storage on one hand and release the electric energy in the energy storage to the transformer on the other hand;
The precise triggering unit is used for switching on or off the main switch (2).
10. The pulse modulator according to claim 9, characterized in that the precision triggering unit is a small controllable laser for generating a time-and intensity-controllable laser focused inside the main switch (2) through a laser triggering channel (1), the main switch (2) being controlled to be turned on by an ionized gas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010029094.0A CN110943717B (en) | 2020-01-12 | 2020-01-12 | Pulse modulator |
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| CN202010029094.0A CN110943717B (en) | 2020-01-12 | 2020-01-12 | Pulse modulator |
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| CN110943717B true CN110943717B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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| CN111554555A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-18 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | A pulsed space electron beam generation system |
| CN113555198B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-06-21 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | A compact double-layer secondary Tesla pulse transformer |
| CN115692334B (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-09-05 | 深圳市领赛科技有限公司 | Switch diode packaging structure and preparation method thereof |
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| US7989987B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2011-08-02 | Mcdonald Kenneth Fox | Photon initiated marxed modulators |
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| CN210724718U (en) * | 2020-01-12 | 2020-06-09 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | Pulse modulator |
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| CN110943717A (en) | 2020-03-31 |
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