CN110940242A - Blasting excavation method for deep crack containing slope rock mass - Google Patents
Blasting excavation method for deep crack containing slope rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种含深裂隙边坡岩体爆破开挖方法。包括：钻孔及获得节理裂隙分布，根据裂隙区在炮孔内的分布，将穿越裂隙区炮孔分为下部耦合装药段、裂隙区减弱装药段、上部常规装药段，分段进行炮孔装药，炮孔堵塞，联网起爆，将节理裂隙互相连通的炮孔分区分段联网起爆，其余炮孔常规联网起爆，各孔均采用孔底起爆。本发明采用分段装药，裂隙区减弱装药，使用岩屑填充炸药卷与炮孔壁间隔，可避免爆生气体通过节理裂隙过早泄漏，有利于提高爆生气体的压力峰值及其持续时间，并有利于充分发挥爆生气体的“气楔”作用；将节理裂隙互相连通的炮孔分区分组联网起爆，可以避免先起爆炮孔经节理裂隙对后起爆炮孔产生不良影响，从而避免拒爆事故的发生。
The invention discloses a method for blasting and excavating a rock mass of a side slope containing deep fissures. Including: drilling holes and obtaining the distribution of joints and fissures. According to the distribution of the fissure area in the blasthole, the blasting hole passing through the fissure area is divided into the lower coupling charge section, the weakened charge section in the fissure area, and the upper conventional charge section, and the section is carried out. The blast hole is charged, the blast hole is blocked, and the blasting is networked. The invention adopts segmented charge, weakens the charge in the crack area, and uses cuttings to fill the gap between the explosive coil and the blast hole wall, which can avoid the premature leakage of the blasting gas through the joints and cracks, and is beneficial to improve the pressure peak and the duration of the blasting gas. time, and is conducive to give full play to the "gas wedge" effect of the blasting gas; the blasting holes with interconnected joints and cracks are divided into groups and networked to detonate, which can avoid the first blasting blasting holes through the joint cracks. The occurrence of refusal to explode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering blasting, can be applied to blasting excavation operation of a slope rock mass with joint crack development, and relates to a blasting excavation method of the slope rock mass with a deep crack.
Background
The mountains of China are numerous, the mountains are particularly widely distributed in western regions, and with the continuous development of national economy, various engineering constructions extend to the western regions. When various engineering constructions are carried out in the high mountain canyons, blasting excavation of side slope rock masses is indispensable. A large number of fractures are often present in rock masses under the influence of various geological formations and long-term physical, chemical and biological weathering attacks. Generally, it is believed that rock fracture under the action of blasting is the result of the combined action of explosive stress wave and explosive gas, after the explosive is exploded, firstly, a large number of new cracks are generated on the wall of the blasting hole under the action of the explosive stress wave, and simultaneously, the original cracks are expanded, then, the quasi-static pressure of the explosive gas enables the radial cracks to be developed into main cracks along one or more directions, and the expansion of the main cracks is just the expression of macroscopic fracture. If the rock mass has a large number of joint cracks before blasting, the integrity of the charge segment can be damaged, so that the blasting gas can be leaked out prematurely, and the blasting effect is reduced. On the other hand, when the blast holes with joint fractures communicated with each other are encountered, the blast hole detonated first can have adverse effects on the blast hole detonated later, and in severe cases, the detonation network is damaged, even a misfire accident occurs, and great potential safety hazards exist. In order to eliminate potential safety hazards, a high-precision detonator hole-by-hole detonating network can be adopted, but the method is difficult to improve the rock blasting effect and cannot fundamentally solve the problem of the fracture leakage of the explosive gas management. In order to improve the blasting effect, a common idea is to treat cracks in a rock mass, for example, in the treatment method disclosed in CN 102979103A, CN 104005417 a, the rock mass is grouted through a special grouting hole, and after a consolidation composite layer with a certain thickness is formed, a blast hole is drilled for blasting excavation; another idea is to fill a specific substance between the explosive and the rock mass, such as the method disclosed in CN 105737697 a, directly pour cement slurry into the blast hole, use cement slurry as coupling medium to improve the strength and integrity of the rock mass, and detonate the explosive before the cement slurry is initially set. In practical engineering application, a high-strength PE flexible water pipe is used for containing the emulsion explosive and then is placed into the blast hole, so that the explosive is in a relatively closed state, and premature leakage of explosive gas is avoided.
When the rock mass is grouted, additional grouting holes need to be drilled, so that the working time of a drilling machine is prolonged, and when the blasting area is large, the number of the grouting holes to be drilled and the using amount of grout are large, so that the cost is increased for the project, and the economical efficiency is poor; grouting cement into the blast hole, so that the space is narrow, the construction operation is inconvenient, and the filling effect on tiny cracks around the blast hole is difficult to ensure; the method for loading the explosive into the PE soft water pipe needs to cut the water pipe according to the depth of the blast hole and tie the lower end of the water pipe, which brings great inconvenience to the explosive loading process. Aiming at blasting excavation work of a slope rock body with a deep crack, a blasting excavation method which can give consideration to both blasting and rock breaking effects and blasting safety is found, and the blasting excavation method is necessary to overcome the defects in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blasting excavation method for a slope rock mass with a deep crack, which avoids premature leakage of blasting gas through a joint crack, improves the blasting and rock breaking effects, and eliminates the potential safety hazard of blasting holes with mutually communicated joint cracks during blasting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a blasting excavation method for deep crack containing slope rock mass comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the number and position distribution of blast holes of one-time blasting according to blasting design, drilling holes in a slope rock body containing deep cracks, and obtaining the number and position distribution of the blast holes with interconnected joint cracks by comparing the drilling speed of the rock body in the holes and the hole and the gas overflow phenomenon;
step 4, blast hole blocking is carried out according to blasting design;
and 5, networking and detonating, namely based on the principle that the first-time blasting hole creates a blank surface for the second-time blasting hole, combining the position distribution of the blasting holes with the joint fractures communicated with each other, sectionally networking and detonating the blasting holes with the joint fractures communicated with each other in a segmented manner, conventionally networking and detonating the rest blasting holes, wherein each hole is detonated by using a hole bottom.
Furthermore, the particle size of rock debris filled in the radial interval between the explosive roll of the weakening charge section in the fracture area and the blast hole wall is 0.1-8.0 mm.
Further, the diameter of the cartridge in the weakening charging section in the fracture area is 20-40 mm smaller than that of the cartridge in the conventional charging section at the upper part.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the explosive cartridge, sectional charging is adopted on the charging structure, and rock debris is used for filling the interval between the explosive cartridge and the blast hole wall in the weakened charging section in the fracture area, so that the explosive gas can be prevented from leaking too early through the joint fracture, the pressure peak value and the duration time of the explosive gas can be improved, and the 'gas wedge' effect of the explosive gas can be fully exerted; the blast holes with the joint fractures communicated with each other are subjected to grouping networking initiation, so that the condition that the blast holes are initiated firstly and then are initiated secondly through the joint fractures can be avoided, and the occurrence of misfiring accidents is avoided. The method is efficient, practical, safe, reliable and convenient to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction process of the present invention; in fig. 1, (a), (b), (c) and (d) are schematic cross-sectional states of the blast hole after the operation is finished by a lower coupling charge section, a fracture zone weakening charge section, an upper conventional charge section and a blocking section in sequence;
in the figure: 1-detonator with detonating tube, 2-lower coupled charge section, 3-bamboo chip, 4-weakened charge section in fracture zone, 5-upper conventional charge section and 6-blocking section.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a zonal blasting initiation network;
in the figure: 8 blast holes in the dotted line frame are the blast holes with joint fractures communicated with each other, and the rest blast holes are the more complete blast holes of the adjacent rock mass; the blast holes are divided into A, B, C, D rows transversely and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 columns longitudinally, wherein the icon I represents the blast holes, the icon II represents the detonator, and the icon III represents the detonator.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following detailed description, which is intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but is equivalent or analogous to the present invention without departing from its scope.
With reference to the attached drawings.
The deep hole bench blasting method is adopted for blasting a certain open cut stone, the height of the bench is 8.0m, the ultra-depth is 0.8m, the drilling inclination angle is 90 degrees, the depth of blast holes is 8.8m, the diameter of the blast holes is 90mm, the holes are distributed in a rectangular shape, the blast holes are divided into 4 rows, each row is 8, the row spacing is 3.0 multiplied by 2.5m, the explosive adopts rock emulsion explosive II, the diameter of the explosive roll of the upper conventional loading section is 70mm, the diameter of the explosive roll of the fracture zone weakening loading section is 32mm, the length of the loading section is 6.3m, the length of the blocking section is 2.5m, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) and (6) drilling. Drilling holes in the slope rock body to be blasted and excavated, and in the drilling process, comparing the drilling speed of the rock body in the hole and the gas overflow phenomenon to obtain the number and the position distribution of blast holes with joint fractures communicated with each other. In this embodiment, the number of blastholes in which joint fractures are communicated with each other is 8, that is, B, C two rows of No. 3 to No. 6 blastholes, in this embodiment, the subsequent operation is performed by taking the distribution of positions of fracture areas in the blastholes of number B3 as an example, the top of the fracture area in the blasthole of number B3 is located 4.2m above the hole bottom, and the bottom of the fracture area is located 2.2m above the hole bottom, which is a schematic construction flow diagram drawn by taking this blasthole as an example in fig. 1.
(2) The charge segment is segmented. Based on the position distribution of the fracture area in the blast hole, dividing a blast hole charging section into a lower coupling charging section, a fracture area weakening charging section and an upper conventional charging section, wherein the length of the lower coupling charging section is 2.0m, the length of the fracture area weakening charging section is 2.4m, and the length of the upper conventional charging section is 1.9 m;
(3) and (5) charging the blast hole. For the lower explosive loading section, the explosive packaging bag is cut, the coupling rate is controlled, the explosive is extruded by the explosive loading rod, the explosive is tightly contacted with the blast hole wall to form the lower coupled explosive loading section, and a primary explosive MS11 detonating tube detonator is arranged in the explosive; binding a cartridge with the diameter of 32mm on a bamboo chip for a loading section in a fracture area, slowly feeding the cartridge into a blast hole, and filling a radial interval between the cartridge and the blast hole with rock debris with the particle size of 0.1-8 mm to form a weakening loading section in the fracture area; for the upper explosive-filled section, the upper conventional explosive-filled section is formed by charging according to the conventional method, and the diameter of the explosive cartridge is 70 mm;
(4) and (4) blocking. The length of the plugged section is 2.5m, and blast holes are plugged according to a conventional method;
(5) networking and detonating. Based on the principle that a first-explosion blast hole creates a blank surface for a second-explosion blast hole, blast holes with interconnected joint fractures are subjected to sectional networking initiation in a sectionalized manner by combining the position distribution of the blast holes with interconnected joint fractures, and other blast holes are subjected to conventional networking initiation, wherein fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sectionalized blasting initiation network.
By applying the method for blasting and excavating the deep crack slope rock mass, the blasting area is checked after the blasting work is finished and the safety is confirmed, the bottom of the step basically has no root, and the mass percentage after blasting is low.
By applying the method for blasting and excavating the rock mass with the deep crack side slope, blasting holes of all sections are detonated according to a blasting circuit in the blasting process, no misfiring accident occurs, the blasting area is checked and found after the blasting work is finished and the safety is confirmed, the bottom of the step basically has no root, the mass percentage is low after blasting, and the blasting effect is good. And because the explosive is loaded in sections, the weakened explosive loading sections in the crack area are filled, so that the unit consumption of the explosive is reduced, and the explosive consumption is reduced.
Claims (3)
1. A blasting excavation method for deep crack containing slope rock mass is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, according to blasting design, determining the number and position distribution of blast holes for blasting, drilling holes in a slope rock mass with deep cracks, and comparing the drilling speed of the rock mass in the holes and the gas overflow phenomenon to obtain the number and position distribution of the blast holes with interconnected joint cracks;
step 2, aiming at the situation that the blast hole penetrates through the fracture area, dividing a blast hole charging section penetrating through the fracture area into a lower coupling charging section, a fracture area weakening charging section and an upper conventional charging section according to the position distribution of the fracture area in the blast hole;
step 3, carrying out blast hole charging, namely firstly scratching an explosive packaging bag, slowly placing the explosive packaging bag at the bottom of a blast hole, extruding the explosive packaging bag by using a charging rod to form a lower coupled charging section, arranging a primary blasting cap on the lower coupled charging section, then binding a small-diameter cartridge on bamboo chips or wood chips, slowly feeding the cartridge into the blast hole, filling the radial interval between the cartridge and the blast hole by using rock debris to form a fracture area weakening charging section, and finally charging according to a conventional method to form an upper conventional charging section; conventionally charging the rest blast holes;
step 4, blast hole blocking is carried out according to blasting design;
and 5, networking and detonating, namely based on the principle that the first-time blasting hole creates a blank surface for the second-time blasting hole, combining the position distribution of the blasting holes with the joint fractures communicated with each other, sectionally networking and detonating the blasting holes with the joint fractures communicated with each other in a segmented manner, conventionally networking and detonating the rest blasting holes, wherein each hole is detonated by using a hole bottom.
2. The blasting excavation method of the deep crack containing slope rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the fracture area weakens the explosive loading section, and the particle size of rock debris filled in the radial interval between the explosive cartridge and the blast hole wall is 0.1-8.0 mm.
3. The blasting excavation method of the deep crack containing slope rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the cartridge in the weakening charging section in the fracture area is 20-40 mm smaller than that of the cartridge in the conventional charging section at the upper part.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911317006.0A CN110940242B (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2019-12-19 | Blasting excavation method for deep crack containing slope rock mass |
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| CN201911317006.0A CN110940242B (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2019-12-19 | Blasting excavation method for deep crack containing slope rock mass |
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| CN110940242B CN110940242B (en) | 2022-06-21 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112325718A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-02-05 | 中国葛洲坝集团第二工程有限公司 | Air spaced charging blasting construction method |
| CN114593649A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-07 | 中铁十九局集团矿业投资有限公司 | Open-air fissure development rock stratum PE pipe blasting construction process |
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| CN106440981A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-02-22 | 广东省冶金建筑设计研究院 | Deep hole blasting method for increasing bulky productivity of joint fracture developed granite mine |
| CN108469209A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-31 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of bathroclase crack tunnel smooth surface sinking and blasting method |
| CN108592726A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-09-28 | 厦门爆破工程公司 | A kind of presplit blasting Parameters design for excavation of foundation pit |
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2019
- 2019-12-19 CN CN201911317006.0A patent/CN110940242B/en active Active
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| CN101900519A (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2010-12-01 | 同济大学 | A blasting method for smooth surface protection wall of bamboo slices on mudstone slope with joints and fissures |
| CN102200415A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-09-28 | 中南大学 | Deep-hole blasting construction technology in fractured rocks |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112325718A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-02-05 | 中国葛洲坝集团第二工程有限公司 | Air spaced charging blasting construction method |
| CN112325718B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-08-02 | 中国葛洲坝集团第二工程有限公司 | Air spaced charging blasting construction method |
| CN114593649A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-07 | 中铁十九局集团矿业投资有限公司 | Open-air fissure development rock stratum PE pipe blasting construction process |
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