CN110938476A - Gas-solid separation equipment, system and method - Google Patents
Gas-solid separation equipment, system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110938476A CN110938476A CN201911197320.XA CN201911197320A CN110938476A CN 110938476 A CN110938476 A CN 110938476A CN 201911197320 A CN201911197320 A CN 201911197320A CN 110938476 A CN110938476 A CN 110938476A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
- C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
- B01D45/16—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream, the centrifugal forces being generated solely or partly by mechanical means, e.g. fixed swirl vanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas-solid separation device, a system and a method, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a cyclone chamber 101 and an ash collecting chamber 102, wherein the cyclone chamber 101 is arranged above the ash collecting chamber 102; the cyclone chamber 101 includes: the device comprises a first shell 10, an air inlet pipe 11, a partition plate 12, a cyclone 13, a downcomer 14, a first gas inlet and outlet N2, a second gas inlet and outlet N1, a loosening air inlet N4 and a conical ash hopper 15; the air inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the cyclone 13, the downcomer 14 is arranged at the bottom of the conical ash bucket 15, and the loosening air inlet N4 is communicated with the conical ash bucket 15; the dust collecting chamber 102 includes: the device comprises a second shell 16, a suction gas outlet N5, a process water inlet N6, a black water outlet N7 and a drain outlet N8, wherein the drain outlet N8 is arranged at the bottom of the second shell 16. The invention can effectively separate the dry ash in the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and reduce the particle size and the concentration of the dry ash in the gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas purification and dust removal, in particular to gas-solid separation equipment, a gas-solid separation system and a gas-solid separation method.
Background
In the process of coal or petroleum coke gasification, the pulverized coal or coke can produce crude synthesis gas and solid particles after gasification reaction in a gasification furnace. Under the action of self gravity, large-size solid particles fall to the bottom of the gasification furnace and are exhausted from the gasification furnace, small-particle-size solid particles (dry ash for short) enter a subsequent system along with high-temperature crude synthesis gas, the dry ash abrades and blocks the subsequent equipment to influence the normal operation of the system, and therefore the gas-solid separation needs to be carried out on the crude synthesis gas carrying the dry ash.
The existing shell gasification technology adopts a fly ash filter to carry out gas-solid separation, separated dry ash adopts high-pressure nitrogen to carry out gas stripping and cooling, and the whole fly ash removal system is complex and has high operation difficulty.
In the prior art, a cyclone separator is also selected for dry ash separation, the cyclone separator usually has a good separation effect on solid particles with large particle sizes, the separation effect on fine solid particles is not good, and due to the characteristics of small particle sizes and light weight, ash collection is difficult, so that the traditional cyclone separator is difficult to achieve a good separation effect.
Under the working conditions of high temperature and pressure, flammability and explosiveness, high impurity concentration, small dust particle size (less than 5-10 mu m), easy abrasion, easy adhesion, easy blockage and the like, equipment with a single dust removal mechanism cannot meet the requirement of efficient gas purification, and the most reasonable selection is realized by combining the wet dust removal mechanism and the centrifugal dust removal mechanism.
The cyclone separator is a gas-solid (liquid) separation device which separates dust from an airflow by utilizing a centrifugal force generated when the cyclone separator rotates at a high speed by utilizing a gaseous heterogeneous system. As the centrifugal force borne by the particles is far greater than the gravity force and the inertia force, the minimum particle size of the cyclone separator which can economically separate the particles can reach 5-10 mu m. In addition, the cyclone separator has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and maintenance, stable performance, no limitation of concentration, temperature, physical property and the like of dust-containing gas, and low manufacturing cost, so the cyclone separator is widely applied to industrial production of petroleum, chemical industry, coal, electric power, environmental protection, metallurgy and the like.
The effect of the dry cyclone separator on separating fine dust with the particle size of less than 5 μm is still not ideal, because the particles with small particle size are thrown to the wall surface under the action of centrifugal force, and are easy to bounce to the cyclone central circulation area (i.e. cyclone internal flow) due to the rough wall surface after reaching the wall surface, so that the particles are carried out of the cyclone separator by airflow. In addition, the gas phase dew point temperature of the dust-containing gas is increased under the working condition of pressure, the condensation phenomenon is easy to occur at the moment, the flowability of fine particle dust is poor, fine powder condensation causes cyclone discharging to be more unsmooth, the blockage condition of the cyclone is easy to cause, and the continuous and stable operation of the cyclone separator is influenced.
The wet cyclone separator has a small amount of application in industrial production at present, for example, the wet multi-pipe cyclone separator disclosed in the Chinese patent application with publication number of CN 105750100A, the wet multi-pipe cyclone separator comprises a plurality of cyclones, the cyclones are positioned between an upper partition plate and a lower partition plate in a separator cylinder, exhaust parts of the cyclones are inserted in the upper partition plate, sewage discharge parts of the cyclones are inserted in the lower partition plate, air inlet parts of the cyclones are positioned between the upper partition plate and the lower partition plate, a front Venturi atomizer is arranged, the Venturi atomizer is connected with an air inlet which is arranged on the outer side wall of the separator cylinder between the upper partition plate and the lower partition plate and is communicated with an internal air passage of the separator cylinder and is communicated with an air inlet air passage, and a liquid filling port is arranged at the throat position of the Venturi atomizer.
In addition, the wet multi-pipe cyclone dust collector and the dust removing system with the same disclosed in the Chinese patent application are disclosed in the publication No. CN103157561A, the wet multi-pipe cyclone dust collector sprays water in an air inlet pipe by using a spray head, the sprayed water mist is fully mixed with gas and then enters cyclone for separation, a dust exhaust pipe of the multi-pipe cyclone dust collector is inserted into a water tank for sealing, the discharged water and dust are directly exhausted to the water tank, the water tank is used as a water storage container, and the purified gas is exhausted from an air outlet. Although the dust remover can achieve higher dust removal efficiency than the dry operation, the dust remover also has a plurality of defects: (1) the interior water smoke of this dust remover is by being located the fixed shower nozzle spun in the air-intake pipe, and shower nozzle spun water atomization effect is unsatisfactory, and water smoke is difficult to and dusty gas intensive mixing, and the entering whirlwind that simultaneously water smoke can not be even is sub, and then influences the separation effect. (2) The structure of this dust remover is not applicable to the operating mode that the high temperature area was pressed, and is poor to high concentration dust separation effect simultaneously, uses and has the limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The embodiment of the invention provides gas-solid separation equipment, a gas-solid separation system and a gas-solid separation method, which can effectively remove dust particles and other impurities in gas, greatly improve the separation efficiency of a separator, can be suitable for purifying high-temperature and pressurized gas, and have the advantages of ingenious design, simple structure and low manufacturing and maintenance cost.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas-solid separation apparatus, including: the device comprises a cyclone chamber 101 and an ash collecting chamber 102, wherein the cyclone chamber 101 is arranged above the ash collecting chamber 102;
the cyclone chamber 101 includes: the device comprises a first shell 10, an air inlet pipe 11, a partition plate 12, a cyclone body 13, a first gas inlet and outlet N2, a second gas inlet and outlet N1, a loosening air inlet N4 and a conical ash hopper 15; the tapered ash bucket 15 is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone chamber 101, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is arranged on the side wall of the first shell 10, the second gas inlet/outlet N1 is arranged on the upper wall of the first shell 10, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is communicated with the gas inlet pipe 11, the gas inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the cyclone 13, the downcomer 14 is arranged at the bottom of the tapered ash bucket 15, and the loosening air inlet N4 is communicated with the tapered ash bucket 15;
the dust collecting chamber 102 includes: the device comprises a second shell 16, a suction gas outlet N5, a process water inlet N6, a black water outlet N7 and a drain outlet N8, wherein the drain outlet N8 is arranged at the bottom of the second shell 16.
Optionally, a plurality of nozzles are circumferentially arranged in the downcomer 14, and/or a plurality of cyclone molecules 13 are arranged in the cyclone chamber 101, and each cyclone molecule 13 is communicated with the air inlet pipe 11.
Optionally, a thermal insulation and wear resistance lining is lined in the cyclone chamber 101, and the cyclone chamber 101 further comprises a burner interface N3.
Optionally, the first housing is integrally provided with the second housing 16 of the second housing 10 or separately provided.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a gas-solid separation system, which comprises one or more than two stages of gas-solid separation equipment, wherein the one or more than two stages of gas-solid separation equipment comprise: the device comprises a cyclone chamber 101 and an ash collecting chamber 102, wherein the cyclone chamber 101 is arranged above the ash collecting chamber 102;
the cyclone chamber 101 includes: the device comprises a first shell 10, an air inlet pipe 11, a partition plate 12, a cyclone 13, a downcomer 14, a first gas inlet and outlet N2, a second gas inlet and outlet N1, a loosening air inlet N4 and a conical ash hopper 15; the tapered ash bucket 15 is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone chamber 101, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is arranged on the side wall of the first shell 10, the second gas inlet/outlet N1 is arranged on the upper wall of the first shell 10, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is communicated with the gas inlet pipe 11, the gas inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the cyclone 13, the downcomer 14 is arranged at the bottom of the tapered ash bucket 15, and the loosening air inlet N4 is communicated with the tapered ash bucket 15;
the dust collecting chamber 102 includes: the device comprises a second shell 16, a suction gas outlet N5, a process water inlet N6, a black water outlet N7 and a drain outlet N8, wherein the drain outlet N8 is arranged at the bottom of the second shell 16.
Optionally, a plurality of nozzles are circumferentially arranged in the downcomer 14, and/or a plurality of cyclone molecules 13 are arranged in the cyclone chamber 101, and each cyclone molecule 13 is communicated with the air inlet pipe 11.
Optionally, a thermal insulation and wear resistance lining is lined in the cyclone chamber 101, and the cyclone chamber 101 further comprises a burner interface N3.
Optionally, the gas-solid separation apparatus comprises: the device comprises a first stage gas-solid separation device and a second stage gas-solid separation device, wherein the first stage gas-solid separation device and the second stage gas-solid separation device are connected in series or in parallel.
Optionally, the second stage gas-solid separation device is smaller in size than the first stage gas-solid separation device and has a larger number of cyclone molecules than the first stage gas-solid separation device.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a gas-solid separation method, which comprises the following steps:
step 201: the raw synthesis gas enters from the first gas inlet and outlet and enters into each cyclone molecule arranged in the cyclone chamber through the gas inlet pipe;
step 202: the crude synthesis gas generates rotational flow in the cyclone molecules to separate gas and solid under the action of centrifugal force, the separated gas moves upwards and is discharged from a second gas inlet and outlet, and dry ash enters a conical ash hopper through an outlet below the cyclone molecules;
step 203: after the dry ash falls into the conical ash bucket, the dry ash enters the descending pipe under the combined action of loosening air entering from the loosening air inlet and suction air entering from the suction air outlet;
step 204: after falling into the downcomer, the dry ash is chilled and washed and wetted by the process water sprayed from the process water inlet pipe orifice, and after being cooled and humidified, the dry ash falls into black water in the lower-section ash collecting chamber;
step 205: and a small amount of crude synthesis gas tail gas is discharged from a gas extraction outlet, and black water is discharged from a black water outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the gas-solid separation equipment, the system and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that the cyclone separation and the wet ash collection are combined, so that the dry ash in the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can be effectively separated, and the particle size and the concentration of the dry ash in the gas are reduced. The applicable temperature range of the gas-solid separation equipment and the system is 500-900 ℃, and the pressure range is 2-10 MPa. The gas-solid separation equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of ingenious design, simple structure and low manufacturing and maintenance cost.
The integrated gas-solid separation equipment in the implementation of the invention simplifies the process flow and improves the reliability and stability of the equipment and the system. The equipment and the pipeline are lined with refractory linings, so that the heat loss in the crude synthesis gas is reduced, and the heat recovery efficiency is higher. In the embodiment of the invention, the particle size and the concentration of the dry ash in the high-temperature high-pressure gas are reduced through multi-stage separation. The design scheme of the multi-stage gas-solid separation system, particularly the configuration of the two-stage gas-solid separation system has good separation effect on dry ash in the crude synthesis gas, can separate solid particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 5 microns, can meet the requirements of downstream equipment on the concentration and the particle size of the solid particles, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment.
Other aspects will be apparent upon reading and understanding the attached drawings and detailed description.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the claimed subject matter and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the subject matter and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the subject matter and not to limit the subject matter. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gas-solid separation apparatus for carrying out a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gas-solid separation system for implementing a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage series gas-solid separation system for implementing a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage series gas-solid separation system for implementing a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a series and parallel gas-solid separation system for implementing a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a series and parallel gas-solid separation system for implementing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objectives of the present application will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a gas-solid separation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. The gas-solid separation apparatus comprises: the device comprises a cyclone chamber 101 and an ash collecting chamber 102, wherein the cyclone chamber 101 is arranged above the ash collecting chamber 102;
the cyclone chamber 101 includes: the device comprises a first shell 10, an air inlet pipe 11, a partition plate 12, a cyclone 13, a downcomer 14, a first gas inlet and outlet N2, a second gas inlet and outlet N1, a loosening air inlet N4 and a conical ash hopper 15; the tapered ash bucket 15 is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone chamber 101, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is arranged on the side wall of the first shell 10, the second gas inlet/outlet N1 is arranged on the upper wall of the first shell 10, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is communicated with the gas inlet pipe 11, the gas inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the cyclone 13, the downcomer 14 is arranged at the bottom of the tapered ash bucket 15, and the loosening air inlet N4 is communicated with the tapered ash bucket 15; the partition 12 is connected to the housing, and in one embodiment, the partition 12 is welded to the housing, and the partition 12 mainly has two functions: 1. dividing the cyclone chamber into two non-communicating chambers; 2. supporting each gyrolecule.
The dust collecting chamber 102 includes: the device comprises a second shell 16, a suction gas outlet N5, a process water inlet N6, a black water outlet N7 and a drain outlet N8, wherein the drain outlet N8 is arranged at the bottom of the second shell 16. The extracted air outlet N5 and the process water inlet N6 are positioned above the liquid level; the black water outlet N7 is located below the liquid level.
In an embodiment of the invention, the cyclone chamber 101 further comprises a burner interface N3, which is used for providing a heat source in the gas-solid separation system in order to meet the requirement of a heat-insulating wear-resistant lining for drying the furnace when the cyclone chamber is originally started, and a burner is generally arranged in the cyclone chamber 101 of the gas-solid separation equipment. When a multi-stage gas-solid separation device is used, a burner is generally disposed in the cyclone chamber 101 of the first stage gas-solid separation device. In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of nozzles are circumferentially arranged in the downcomer 14 and communicate with the process water inlet N6.
The first gas inlet/outlet N2 can be a raw synthesis gas inlet or a raw synthesis gas outlet, and is determined according to the configuration of a process system. Generally, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is a gas inlet, the second gas inlet/outlet N1 is a gas outlet, the raw synthesis gas enters from the first gas inlet/outlet N2 and enters into each cyclone 13 through the gas inlet pipe 11, the raw synthesis gas generates a cyclone in the cyclone 13 to separate the gas to be separated from the solid under the action of centrifugal force, the separated gas moves upwards and is discharged from the second gas inlet/outlet N1, and the dry ash enters the conical ash bucket 15 through the lower outlet of the cyclone 13.
After falling into the conical ash bucket 15, the dry ash enters the downcomer 14 under the combined action of the loosening air entering from the loosening air inlet N4 and the suction air from the suction air outlet N5. After falling into the downcomer 14, the dry ash is quenched and washed and wetted by the process water sprayed from the process water inlet N6, and after being cooled and humidified, the dry ash falls into the black water of the lower ash collecting chamber 102. And a small amount of crude synthesis gas tail gas is discharged from a suction gas outlet N5, black water is discharged from a black water outlet N7, and the black water in the equipment is discharged from a clean discharge port N8 when the device is stopped.
In this embodiment, the gas-solid separation device is divided into an upper part and a lower part by taking the conical ash bucket 15 as a boundary, wherein the upper part is a cyclone chamber 101, and the lower part is an ash collecting chamber 102.
In the embodiment, the loosening air is positioned below the conical ash hopper 15 of the cyclone chamber 101, and the suction air is positioned above the liquid level of the ash collecting chamber 102.
In one embodiment of the invention, the upper cyclone 101 of the gas-solid separation device is lined with a heat-insulating and wear-resistant lining. When the furnace is started originally, in order to meet the requirement that the heat-insulating wear-resistant lining needs to be dried, a heat source needs to be provided in a gas-solid separation system, a burner is generally arranged in a cyclone chamber 101, and the cyclone chamber 101 further comprises a burner interface N3.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of cyclone units 13 are disposed in the cyclone chamber 101, each cyclone unit 13 is communicated with the gas inlet pipe 11, the raw synthesis gas uniformly enters each cyclone unit 13 through the gas inlet pipe 11, the separated gas is discharged through an upper outlet, and the dry ash enters the conical ash bucket 15 through a lower outlet.
In one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of nozzles are arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner periphery of the downcomer 14 below the conical ash hopper 15 of the gas-solid separation equipment, so that high-temperature dry ash is cooled, and meanwhile, the dry ash is infiltrated and agglomerated into black water, and the wet ash collecting function is realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, the gas-solid separation equipment is mainly characterized in that two functions of cyclone separation and wet ash collection are combined into one. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first housing 10 is provided integrally with the second housing 16 or separately. Thus, the gas-solid separation system can adopt two devices of a cyclone separator and an ash collecting tank, and can also adopt an integrated device of the integration of cyclone separation and wet ash collection. The two devices of the cyclone separator and the ash collection tank are called split type schemes for short, and the integrated device of the cyclone separation and the wet ash collection is called a combined type scheme for short. In specific implementation, the integrated scheme is preferably adopted.
The gas-solid separation system of the embodiment of the invention mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) cyclone separation: a plurality of cyclone molecules 13 are arranged in the cyclone chamber 101, each cyclone molecule 13 is communicated with the air inlet pipe 11, air descends in the cyclone molecules 13 through each cyclone molecule 13 and generates cyclone flow, the air is separated from dry ash, the separated air is discharged from an upper outlet of the cyclone molecules 13, and the dry ash falls into the conical ash bucket 15 from a lower outlet of the cyclone molecules 13.
(2) Wet ash collection: the wet ash collection method has the advantages of shorter technological process than the dry ash collection method, simple system configuration and operation, less equipment investment and low public engineering consumption. The dry ash enters the lower-section ash collecting chamber 102 under the push of loosening air and drawing air, a plurality of spray heads are arranged in the circumferential direction in the descending pipe 14, the high-temperature dry ash is cooled, meanwhile, the dry ash is infiltrated and agglomerated into black water, and the black water is discharged to a downstream processing system through a bottom pipeline.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a gas-solid separation method, which comprises the following steps:
step 201: the raw synthesis gas enters from the first gas inlet and outlet and enters into each cyclone molecule arranged in the cyclone chamber through the gas inlet pipe;
step 202: the crude synthesis gas generates rotational flow in the cyclone molecules to separate gas and solid under the action of centrifugal force, the separated gas moves upwards and is discharged from a second gas inlet and outlet, and dry ash enters a conical ash hopper through an outlet below the cyclone molecules;
step 203: after the dry ash falls into the conical ash bucket, the dry ash enters the descending pipe under the combined action of loosening air entering from the loosening air inlet and suction air entering from the suction air outlet;
step 204: after falling into the downcomer, the dry ash is chilled and washed and wetted by the process water sprayed from the process water inlet pipe orifice, and after being cooled and humidified, the dry ash falls into black water in the lower-section ash collecting chamber;
step 205: a small amount of crude synthesis gas tail gas is discharged from a gas extraction outlet, and black water is discharged from a black water outlet;
step 206: when the device is stopped, black water in the device is discharged from the discharge port.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a gas-solid separation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown. The gas-solid separation system comprises one or more than two stages of gas-solid separation equipment, and the gas-solid separation equipment comprises: the device comprises a cyclone chamber 101 and an ash collecting chamber 102, wherein the cyclone chamber 101 is arranged above the ash collecting chamber 102;
the cyclone chamber 101 includes: the device comprises a first shell 10, an air inlet pipe 11, a partition plate 12, a cyclone 13, a downcomer 14, a first gas inlet and outlet N2, a second gas inlet and outlet N1, a loosening air inlet N4 and a conical ash hopper 15; the tapered ash bucket 15 is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone chamber 101, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is arranged on the side wall of the first shell 10, the second gas inlet/outlet N1 is arranged on the upper wall of the first shell 10, the first gas inlet/outlet N2 is communicated with the gas inlet pipe 11, the gas inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the cyclone 13, the downcomer 14 is arranged at the bottom of the tapered ash bucket 15, and the loosening air inlet N4 is communicated with the tapered ash bucket 15;
the dust collecting chamber 102 includes: the device comprises a second shell 16, a suction gas outlet N5, a process water inlet N6, a black water outlet N7 and a drain outlet N8, wherein the drain outlet N8 is arranged at the bottom of the second shell 16.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the gas-solid separation device is a two-stage gas-solid separation device, and includes a first stage gas-solid separation device 1011 and a second stage gas-solid separation device 1012, and the two stages of gas-solid separation devices may be arranged in series or in parallel.
In the embodiment of the invention, the gas-solid separation equipment can be arranged into multiple stages according to the concentration and the particle size of solid particles in gas, and the multiple stages of gas-solid separation equipment can be used in series or in parallel and in series. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage series gas-solid separation system for implementing a third embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage series gas-solid separation system for implementing a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the difference between the two embodiments lies in the different connection modes of the gas transmission pipelines. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a series and parallel gas-solid separation system for implementing a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a series and parallel gas-solid separation system for implementing a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The two embodiments differ in the way the gas delivery pipes are connected. In practical application, multi-stage separation is generally adopted, and of course, the connection mode of each gas-solid separation device of the multi-stage gas-solid separation system can be set in various different ways according to practical application. The multi-stage separation enables more efficient separation of dry ash in the gas, thereby reducing the concentration and particle size of the dry ash in the gas. The requirements of downstream equipment on the number of particles and particle size can be met by connecting two stages of gas-solid separation equipment in series generally, and if the gas volume of the processed crude synthesis gas is too large, the two stages of gas-solid separation equipment are required to be connected in parallel.
When the gas-solid separation equipment is in two stages, pipelines between the upper cyclone chambers of the first stage gas-solid separation equipment 1011 and the second stage gas-solid separation equipment 1012 and the two stages of gas-solid separation equipment need to be lined with heat-insulating wear-resistant liners. The pipeline lining between the first stage gas-solid separation equipment 1011 and the second stage gas-solid separation equipment 1012 adopts a double-layer pouring refractory structure, and two requirements of high temperature resistance and wear resistance are met. Therefore, in order to prevent the loss of high-temperature gas heat and realize the total heat recovery of the whole system, a connecting pipeline between gas-solid separation equipment needs to be lined with a refractory lining, the lining adopts a double-layer pouring refractory structure, in order to ensure the construction quality, a wear-resistant layer is a corundum self-flow type wear-resistant pouring material, and a heat-insulating layer is a light low-iron heat-insulating pouring material.
As shown in FIG. 2, taking the two-stage gas-solid separation device in series as an example, the process flow is briefly described as follows:
the high-temperature high-pressure crude synthesis gas from the gasification furnace firstly enters the upper-section cyclone chamber 101 of the first-stage gas-solid separation equipment 1011 and enters each cyclone molecule 13 through the gas inlet pipe 14, the crude synthesis gas generates cyclone flow in the cyclone molecules 13 to separate gas and solid to be separated under the action of centrifugal force, after dry ash in the gas and solid is separated, the crude synthesis gas is discharged from an upper outlet, and the dry ash falls into the conical ash hopper 15. The high-temperature dry ash enters the lower-section ash collecting chamber 102 under the pushing of the loosening air and the drawing air. The high-temperature dry ash is firstly chilled with the process water and washed with water, and falls into the black water of the lower ash collecting chamber 102 after being cooled and humidified. The ash-containing tail gas is discharged from the middle part of the equipment, and the ash-containing black water is discharged from the bottom of the equipment.
The raw synthesis gas discharged from the upper part of the first stage gas-solid separation device 1011 enters a second stage gas-solid separation device 1012 to separate dry ash with smaller particle size, and the separation process of the second stage gas-solid separation device 1012 is the same as that of the first stage gas-solid separation device 1011, and the difference is the size and the number of cyclone molecules 13 in the cyclone chamber 101. The second stage gas-solid separation device 1012 uses smaller size and higher number of cyclone molecules to separate the smaller particle size dry ash.
Because the operating pressure of the crude synthesis gas is 4.2MPa, the operating temperature is 700 ℃, a connecting pipeline between the primary gas-solid separation equipment 1011 and the secondary gas-solid separation equipment 1012 needs to be lined with a refractory lining, the lining adopts a double-layer pouring refractory material structure, in order to ensure the construction quality, the wear-resistant layer is a corundum self-flow type wear-resistant pouring material, and the heat-insulating layer is a light low-iron heat-insulating pouring material.
In order to start the oven for the first time or start the oven for the second time after a long time of parking, burners are generally arranged in the cyclone chamber 101 of the first stage gas-solid separation device 1011, and the size and the number of the burners are determined according to the heat required by the oven.
In one application example of the invention, a process system with two stages of integrated gas-solid separation devices connected in series is adopted to separate dry ash in the raw synthesis gas from a gasification furnace, the gas temperature is 700 ℃, the pressure is 4.2MPa, the mass (volume) concentration of solid in the raw synthesis gas is 0.045kg/Nm3, the dry ash content of less than 5 mu m is 37 wt%, and the dry ash content of less than 10 mu m is 55 wt%.
After passing through the first stage gas-solid separation equipment 1011, the particle size of solid particles contained in the crude synthesis gas is less than or equal to 10 μm, and the separation efficiency is more than or equal to 55 percent. After passing through the second stage gas-solid separation equipment 1012, the particle size of solid particles contained in the crude synthesis gas is less than or equal to 5 microns, and the separation efficiency is more than or equal to 36 percent. Through two-stage separation, dry ash with the particle size of more than 5 mu m can be completely separated, and the separation efficiency is more than 90 percent. Therefore, the system configuration of the two-stage gas-solid separation has good separation effect on dry ash in the crude synthesis gas, can separate solid particles larger than or equal to 5 microns, can meet the requirements of downstream equipment on the concentration and the particle size of the solid particles, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment.
In summary, the gas-solid separation device and the method combining cyclone separation and wet ash collection provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the advantages of simplified wet ash collection system, simple operation and low equipment investment. The integrated gas-solid separation equipment simplifies the process flow and improves the reliability and stability of the equipment and the system. The equipment and the pipeline are lined with refractory linings, so that the heat loss in the crude synthesis gas is reduced, and the heat recovery efficiency is higher. In the embodiment of the invention, the particle size and the concentration of the dry ash in the high-temperature high-pressure gas are reduced through multi-stage separation. The design scheme of the multi-stage gas-solid separation system, particularly the configuration of the two-stage gas-solid separation system has good separation effect on dry ash in the crude synthesis gas, can separate solid particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 5 microns, can meet the requirements of downstream equipment on the concentration and the particle size of the solid particles, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment. The gas-solid separation equipment is applicable to the temperature range of 500-900 ℃ and the pressure range of 2-10 MPa, and can meet the requirements of high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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