Method for welding composite current collector tabs of lithium battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a method for welding a composite current collector tab of a lithium battery.
Background
In the production process of the lithium battery, a metal foil is usually selected as a current collector, wherein an aluminum foil is selected as a positive current collector, and a copper foil is selected as a negative current collector. In order to improve the energy density and safety of the battery, attention is paid to a composite current collector obtained by compounding a polymer film and a metal coating. However, the polymer film is adopted in the middle of the composite current collector, and the insulating layer formed by the polymer film enables the metal coatings on the two sides to be not conducted, so that the traditional welding mode is not applicable any more. The electrode lugs of the multilayer composite current collector are directly welded, or the electrode lugs of the multilayer composite current collector and the metal electrode lugs which are alternately overlapped together cannot be welded successfully. The method commonly adopted at present is to clamp the tab part of a layer of composite current collector by using two layers of metal tabs for welding, and then to weld the multiple layers of metal tabs with the positive electrode tab or the negative electrode tab of the lithium battery respectively.
The patent with application number 201820356745.5 provides a processing equipment for secondary battery current collector, which welds metal tabs on both sides of the tab part of the composite current collector through a first welding device and a second welding device, so that the metal tabs are used as tabs of the composite current collector, and the current in the battery cell can be conveyed out through the switching of the metal tabs.
The patent with application number 201810282703.6 provides a flexible lithium battery electrode, and what this flexible electrode adopted is that the complex collects the fluid, through at the marginal both sides welding metal lug of the complex current collection body, adopts ultrasonic bonding's mode again with metal lug and outer circuit connection to the problem is drawn forth to the utmost point ear of having solved the complex current collection body.
The method adopted by the patent comprises the steps of clamping the lug part of the composite current collector by two layers of metal lugs and welding the lug parts together, and then welding the multilayer metal lugs with the positive lug or the negative lug of the lithium battery respectively, thereby solving the problem of leading-out of the lug of the composite current collector. However, in this method, the tab portion of each composite current collector needs to be covered and welded with two metal tabs, which increases the weight of the battery and reduces the energy density of the battery. In addition, when the metal tab is welded with the anode tab or the cathode tab of the lithium battery, the welding of the metal tab with excessive layers can raise higher requirements on the welding head, and the service life of the welding head can be further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for welding a composite current collector tab of a lithium battery, which can greatly reduce the number of layers of metal tabs used during welding of the composite current collector, thereby reducing the weight of the battery, prolonging the service life of a welding head, increasing the welding strength of the tab, communicating metal electrode coatings on two sides of the composite current collector and reducing the resistance of the composite current collector.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for welding a composite current collector tab of a lithium battery specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) clamping a composite current collector lug, namely a lug of a pole piece A by using two metal lugs, and performing primary pre-welding on the two metal lugs and the lug of the pole piece A in an overlapped middle area to form a pole piece B;
(2) when lamination is carried out, the pole pieces B and the pole pieces A are laminated at intervals from bottom to top, the lugs of the composite current collector in the pole piece B and the lugs of the adjacent pole pieces A are completely overlapped up and down, the metal lugs of all the pole pieces B are completely overlapped up and down, the composite current collector pole pieces of all the pole pieces A and the pole pieces B which are laminated at intervals are the positive pole composite current collector pole pieces or the negative pole composite current collector pole pieces, and the metal lugs of all the pole pieces B are the corresponding positive pole metal lugs or the negative pole metal lugs;
(3) between the adjacent pole piece B and the pole piece A, carrying out secondary pre-welding on the overlapped edge region of the metal pole lug of the adjacent pole piece A in the pole piece B and the pole lug of the adjacent pole piece A;
(4) and finally welding the multilayer metal tabs and the positive electrode tabs or the negative electrode tabs corresponding to the lithium battery.
In the step (1), when the two metal tabs clamp the composite current collector tab, namely the tab of the pole piece A, the bottom edges of the metal tabs coincide with the bottom edges of the tab of the pole piece A, and the two side edges of the metal tabs coincide with the corresponding side edges of the tab of the pole piece A respectively.
In the step (2), the pole pieces B and the pole pieces A are laminated at intervals from bottom to top, and when the pole piece at the top layer or the bottom layer is the pole piece A, two metal pole lugs are welded on the pole lugs of the pole piece A at the top layer or the bottom layer.
The width of the pole lug of the pole piece A is equal to that of the metal pole lug, the height of the pole lug of the pole piece A is 3-6mm, and the height of the pole lug of the pole piece A is 3-5mm smaller than that of the metal pole lug.
The welding print height of the primary pre-welding and the secondary pre-welding is 3-5mm, and the distance from the welding print bottom edge of the primary pre-welding or the secondary pre-welding to the coating area of the composite current collector pole piece is not more than 1 mm.
The primary pre-welding and the secondary pre-welding are both ultrasonic welding, the modes adopted by the primary pre-welding and the secondary pre-welding are both energy modes, the welding energy is 20-40J, the welding amplitude is 20-40 mu m, and the welding pressure is 10-35 PSI.
And after the pole piece B and the pole piece A are laminated at intervals from bottom to top and are subjected to secondary pre-welding, the non-pre-welded part of the multi-layer metal lug and the positive pole lug or the negative pole lug corresponding to the lithium battery are subjected to final welding.
The final welding is ultrasonic welding, the mode adopted by the final welding is an energy mode, the welding energy is 50-80J, the welding amplitude is 30-50 mu m, and the welding pressure is 25-50 PSI.
The positive electrode composite current collector pole piece is an aluminized composite current collector pole piece, the positive electrode metal lug is an aluminum foil, and the thickness of the positive electrode metal lug is 10-25 mu m.
The negative electrode composite current collector pole piece is a copper-plated composite current collector pole piece, the negative electrode metal pole lug is a copper foil, and the thickness of the negative electrode metal pole lug is 4-12 mu m.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention greatly reduces the number of the metal tabs which are coated and welded on the tab part of the composite current collector, thereby reducing the quality of the battery and prolonging the service life of the welding head; after the metal lug is welded, the metal electrode coatings on two sides of the composite current collector can be communicated, so that the resistance of the composite current collector is reduced; the welding prints of the primary pre-welding and the secondary pre-welding are arranged in a staggered mode along the width direction of the pole lug of the pole piece A, and the welding strength can be effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium battery composite current collector tab after welding.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tab of a composite current collector of a lithium battery according to the present invention after the tab is welded; wherein, 1-the pole ear of the pole piece A, 2-the metal pole ear, 3-the pole piece A, 4-the welding mark of the primary prewelding, 5-the welding mark of the secondary prewelding.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for welding a composite current collector tab of a lithium battery specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of clamping a composite current collector tab, namely a tab 1 of a pole piece A, by using two metal tabs 2, wherein the width of the tab 1 of the pole piece A is equal to the width of the metal tab 2, the height of the tab 1 of the pole piece A is 3-6mm, the height of the tab 1 of the pole piece A is 3-5mm smaller than that of the metal tab 2, the bottom edge of the metal tab 2 is superposed with the bottom edge of the tab 1 of the pole piece A, two side edges of the metal tab 2 are respectively superposed with corresponding side edges of the tab 1 of the pole piece A, and the two metal tabs 2 and the tab 1 of the pole piece A are subjected to one-time pre-welding in an overlapped middle area to form a pole piece B, wherein the welding mark at the position is a welding mark 4 of one-time pre-welding;
(2) when lamination is carried out, the pole piece B and the pole piece A are laminated at intervals from bottom to top, and when the pole piece A at the top layer or the bottom layer is the pole piece A, two metal pole lugs 2 are welded on the pole lugs 1 of the pole piece A at the top layer or the bottom layer; the electrode lugs 1 of the composite current collector in the electrode plate B are completely overlapped with the electrode lugs 1 of the adjacent electrode plate A up and down, the metal electrode lugs 2 of all the electrode plates B are completely overlapped up and down, the composite current collector electrode plate parts 3 of all the electrode plates A and the electrode plates B which are laminated at intervals are the positive electrode composite current collector electrode plates or the negative electrode composite current collector electrode plates, and the metal electrode lugs 2 of all the electrode plates B are the corresponding positive electrode metal electrode lugs or the negative electrode metal electrode lugs;
(3) between the adjacent pole pieces B and A, carrying out secondary pre-welding on the metal pole lug 2 adjacent to the pole piece A in the pole piece B and the pole lug 1 of the adjacent pole piece A in the overlapped edge region to form a welding seal 5 of secondary pre-welding, namely forming a staggered structure along the width direction of the pole lug 1 of the pole piece A by the welding seal 4 of primary pre-welding and the welding seal 5 of secondary pre-welding;
(4) and after the pole piece B and the pole piece A are laminated at intervals from bottom to top and are subjected to secondary pre-welding, the non-pre-welded part of the multilayer metal lug 2 and the positive pole lug or the negative pole lug corresponding to the lithium battery are subjected to final welding.
The welding print heights of the primary pre-welding and the secondary pre-welding are both 3-5mm, and the distance from the welding print bottom edge of the primary pre-welding or the secondary pre-welding to the coating area of the composite current collector pole piece is not more than 1 mm; the primary pre-welding and the secondary pre-welding are both ultrasonic welding, the modes adopted by the primary pre-welding and the secondary pre-welding are both energy modes, the welding energy is 20-40J, the welding amplitude is 20-40 mu m, and the welding pressure is 10-35 PSI; the final welding is ultrasonic welding, the mode adopted by the final welding is an energy mode, the welding energy is 50-80J, the welding amplitude is 30-50 mu m, and the welding pressure is 25-50 PSI.
The positive electrode composite current collector pole piece is an aluminized composite current collector pole piece, the positive electrode metal lug is an aluminum foil, and the thickness of the positive electrode metal lug is 10-25 mu m; the negative electrode composite current collector pole piece is a copper-plated composite current collector pole piece, the negative electrode metal pole lug is a copper foil, and the thickness of the negative electrode metal pole lug is 4-12 mu m.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.