CN110927633B - Quadrupole magnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出一种四极磁铁磁场梯度积分测量方法，以解决现有四极磁铁磁场梯度积分测量方法需要不断旋转待测磁铁、调节过程较为繁琐的技术问题。本发明无需精细调节待测四极磁铁、霍尔片、三维平移台三者之间的角向关系，又能消除角向误差对梯度积分测量结果的影响。该方法包括步骤：1)调整待测四极磁铁姿态使其孔径方向沿z轴方向；2)将霍尔片安装在三维平移台上，调整霍尔片使其测量平面的法线垂直于z轴；3)使霍尔片在待测四极磁铁孔径内，沿四条z方向的直线进行磁感应强度测量，并分别记录相应的磁感应强度B1、B2、B3、B4；4)计算得到梯度积分值： The present invention proposes a quadrupole magnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method, so as to solve the technical problems that the existing quadrupole magnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method needs to continuously rotate the magnet to be measured and the adjustment process is complicated. The invention does not need to finely adjust the angular relationship among the quadrupole magnet to be measured, the Hall plate and the three-dimensional translation stage, and can eliminate the influence of the angular error on the measurement result of the gradient integral. The method includes steps: 1) adjusting the posture of the quadrupole magnet to be measured so that its aperture direction is along the z-axis direction; 2) installing the Hall piece on a three-dimensional translation stage, and adjusting the Hall piece so that the normal of the measuring plane is perpendicular to z axis; 3) Make the Hall piece in the aperture of the quadrupole magnet to be measured, and measure the magnetic induction along four straight lines in the z direction, and record the corresponding magnetic induction B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 respectively; 4) Calculate Get the gradient integral value: 
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring magnetic field gradient integral of a quadrupole magnet in a particle accelerator.
Background
Quadrupole magnets, which are capable of focusing a charged particle beam, are common magnets in the field of particle accelerators. The quadrupole magnetic field formed by the quadrupole magnet is a magnetic field with magnetic induction intensity linearly distributed along with the position, the magnetic induction intensity of the quadrupole magnet is 0 at the center of the cross section, and the magnetic induction intensity is larger at the position which is farther away from the center. For an ideal quadrupole magnet, the ratio of the amount of change in magnetic induction to the amount of change in distance is a constant, referred to as the magnetic field gradient, and the integral of the magnetic field gradient along the beam direction is the gradient integral. The gradient integral parameter represents the focusing effect of the quadrupole magnet, and the larger the gradient integral parameter is, the stronger the focusing effect of the magnet on the charged particle beam is.
The Hall piece point measurement method is a main method for gradient integral measurement at present. The Hall piece is a common sensor for measuring the magnetic induction intensity, and can directly measure the magnetic induction intensity component at the spatial position and perpendicular to the measuring plane. The Hall piece point measurement method calculates the gradient by measuring the magnetic induction intensity change, and obtains the gradient integral after integrating along the beam direction.
The quadrupole magnetic field is not isotropic, so the direction of the quadrupole magnetic field needs to be determined before measurement, and the quadrupole magnetic field needs to be aligned with the Hall piece, so that the Hall piece can measure the magnetic field component in the correct direction. The angle of rotation of the quadrupole magnetic field around the magnet aperture direction (beam direction) is called as the roll angle, the roll angle represents the direction of the quadrupole magnetic field, and accurate measurement can be carried out only after the roll angle of the magnetic field to be measured is determined. However, since the quadrupole field is not visible, difficulties are presented in determining the roll angle and aligning with the hall-effect. For conventional electric quadrupole magnets, optical alignment is often used. The electric quadrupole magnet has 4 machined pole heads, and can approximately determine the rolling angle of a quadrupole magnetic field, but has errors, and the magnitude of the errors is different according to the machining precision of the pole heads and the intensity of supplied current. The optical method utilizes a theodolite to align the pole head and the Hall plate for collimation. For the permanent magnetic quadrupole magnet which is more and more widely applied, 4 pole heads are not obvious, so that the optical method lacks mechanical reference for reference and faces difficulties.
On the other hand, the magnetic induction intensity actually measured by the hall plate is a component perpendicular to the measuring plane of the hall plate, an included angle may exist between the external packaging of the hall plate and the measuring plane, and uncontrollable errors can also be brought by optical alignment by means of the external packaging.
Patent document No. 201711314181.5 proposes a quadrupole magnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method, which realizes angular alignment among a quadrupole magnet to be measured, a hall plate and a three-dimensional translation stage by a magnetic field alignment method, and can be applied to measurement of a permanent magnet quadrupole magnet without an angular mechanical reference. However, the method needs to continuously rotate the magnet to be measured in the collimation process, the adjustment process is complicated, and the method is difficult to popularize and apply to large-scale four-pole magnets or electric four-pole magnets with waterway circuits.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems that the existing quadrupole magnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method needs to continuously rotate a magnet to be measured, and the adjustment process is complicated, the invention provides the quadrupole magnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method, which does not need to rotate the quadrupole magnet to be measured, is simpler to operate and has wider applicability.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a quadrupole magnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method defines a space rectangular coordinate system, wherein a z-axis is along a vertical direction, and an x-axis and a y-axis are in a horizontal plane, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) placing a quadrupole magnet to be measured on an optical platform with a through hole, adjusting the posture of the quadrupole magnet to be measured to enable the aperture direction to be along the z-axis direction, and aligning the hole in the middle of the quadrupole magnet to be measured with the through hole on the optical platform;
2) mounting the Hall piece on a three-dimensional translation table, and adjusting the Hall piece to enable the normal of a measuring plane of the Hall piece to be vertical to the z axis; 3) adjusting the three-dimensional translation stage to enable the Hall piece to measure and record the magnetic induction intensity B along the point (+ d, 0, -L) to the point (+ d, 0, + L) in the aperture of the quadrupole magnet to be measured1(ii) a Magnetic induction B is measured and recorded from point (-d, 0, -L) to point (-d, 0, + L)2(ii) a The magnetic induction B is measured and recorded from point (0, + d, -L) to point (0, + d, + L)3(ii) a Measuring and recording the magnetic induction B along the points (0, -d, -L) to the points (0, -d, + L)4(ii) a The selection principle of d is that the range of the good field area is as large as possible, and the selection of L can fully cover the whole magnetic field range;
4) the gradient integral value Gl is calculated as follows:
in the formula:
x is the x coordinate value of the measuring point;
and y is the y coordinate value of the measuring point.
Further, in order to improve the measurement efficiency, between the step 2) and the step 3), the hall plate needs to be roughly collimated:
firstly, moving a Hall piece to the central position of the z direction in the aperture of the quadrupole magnet to be detected;
secondly, a reticle convenient to collimate is arranged at the center position of the quadrupole magnet to be measured in the y direction, a Hall piece and the reticle of the quadrupole magnet to be measured are collimated by using a theodolite, and the Hall piece is adjusted to the center of the quadrupole magnet in the y direction;
and finally, measuring the magnetic field in the y direction by using the Hall piece, adjusting the position of the Hall piece in the x direction, and when the measurement index of the Hall piece is 0, indicating that the Hall piece is adjusted to the center in the x direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, magnetic induction intensity measurement is carried out along four straight lines in the z direction, and unknown angular errors epsilon and delta are eliminated in the process of deducing and calculating the gradient integral value Gl (the specific principle is detailed in the specific implementation mode), so that the method does not need to finely adjust the angular relationship among the quadrupole magnet to be measured, the Hall piece and the three-dimensional translation stage, and can eliminate the influence of the angular errors on the measurement result.
2. The invention has wide application range and is simultaneously suitable for measuring the permanent magnet quadrupole magnet or the electric quadrupole magnet which is provided with water and electric pipelines and is inconvenient to rotate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures:
the method comprises the following steps of 1-an optical platform, 2-a three-dimensional translation table, 3-a measurement support, 4-a universal adjusting device, 5-a Hall piece, 6-a quadrupole magnet to be measured, 7-a Hall piece host and 8-a computer.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by taking the integrated magnetic field gradient measurement of a permanent magnet quadrupole as an example.
A spatial rectangular coordinate system is defined in which the z-axis is along the vertical direction and the x-axis and y-axis are in the horizontal plane. The measurement device in fig. 1 is illustrated as follows:
the optical platform 1: the middle part of the bearing measurement equipment is provided with a hole, so that the Hall piece 5 can penetrate through the bearing measurement equipment to measure the magnetic field of the part of the quadrupole magnet to be measured below the optical platform 1;
the three-dimensional translation stage 2: the Hall piece 5 is driven to move along the three directions of x, y and z;
the measurement bracket 3: the Hall piece 5 is supported to move together with the three-dimensional translation stage 2;
universal adjusting device 4: the inclination angle (around the y axis), the pitch angle (around the x axis) and the rolling angle (around the z axis) of the Hall piece 5 can be respectively adjusted;
hall chip 5: measuring the magnetic induction intensity perpendicular to the measuring plane of the Hall plate 5; the effective area of the hall chip 5 is only an area of 1.5mm × 1.5mm at its end, which is shown as a black area in fig. 1; the shape of the strip is suitable for extending into the aperture of the quadrupole magnet 6 to be measured;
Hall chip host 7: reading the data measured by the Hall piece 5 and transmitting the data to the computer 8;
and the computer 8: and controlling the movement of the three-dimensional translation table 2 and recording Hall piece measurement data transmitted by the Hall piece host 7.
The invention relates to a quadrupole magnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method, which comprises the following steps:
the theodolite is used for measurement, the inclination angle (around the y axis) and the pitch angle (around the x axis) of the Hall piece are respectively adjusted, so that the Hall piece is vertical (namely the normal of the Hall piece measurement plane is vertical to the z axis); the rolling angle (around the z axis) of the Hall piece does not need to be finely adjusted, so that the measuring plane of the Hall piece is approximately in the xoz plane, and the measuring precision of the method is not influenced by the error;
and 3, adjusting the Hall piece to the central position of the magnet to be measured, and performing coarse collimation (the coarse collimation can reduce the adjustment amount of subsequent fine adjustment):
firstly, adjusting the position of a Hall piece in the z direction; moving the Hall piece to the central position in the z direction in the aperture of the quadrupole magnet to be detected by utilizing the three-dimensional translation table;
secondly, adjusting the y-direction position of the Hall piece; a reticle convenient to collimate is arranged at the center position of the quadrupole magnet to be measured in the y direction, a theodolite is used for collimating the Hall piece and the quadrupole magnet reticle to be measured, and the Hall piece is adjusted to the center of the quadrupole magnet in the y direction;
finally, adjusting the position of the Hall piece in the x direction; the Hall piece is used for measuring the magnetic field in the y direction, the magnetic field in the y direction in the four-pole magnet is in direct proportion to the distance of the deviation of the x direction from the center, so that the position of the Hall piece in the x direction is adjusted, and when the Hall piece measurement index is 0, the Hall piece is adjusted to the center of the x direction. Recording the three-dimensional coordinate position after the adjustment is finished as (0, 0, 0);
the Hall plate is moved by using a three-dimensional translation stage, and the magnetic induction intensity B is measured and recorded along the points (+ d, 0, -L) to the points (+ d, 0, + L)1(ii) a Magnetic induction B is measured and recorded from point (-d, 0, -L) to point (-d, 0, + L)2(ii) a The magnetic induction B is measured and recorded from point (0, + d, -L) to point (0, + d, + L)3(ii) a Measuring and recording the magnetic induction B along the points (0, -d, -L) to the points (0, -d, + L)4(ii) a The selection principle of d is as large as possible in the range of a good field area, which is beneficial to reducing the measurement error; l is chosen to cover substantially the entire magnetic field range. In this example d is 3 mm; l is 120 mm.
And 5, calculating a gradient integral value Gl according to the following formula:
the principle of the invention is as follows:
in the gradient integral measurement, the angular precise alignment among the quadrupole magnet to be measured, the Hall piece and the three-dimensional translation stage is required to ensure the correctness of the measurement result, and the positive directions of the quadrupole magnet and the Hall piece are invisible and difficult to directly determine.
The measuring method provided by the invention eliminates the influence of the error angle among the quadrupole magnet to be measured, the Hall piece and the three-dimensional translation stage on the measuring result, and the principle analysis is as follows by combining the attached drawings:
as shown in fig. 2, it is assumed that the three-dimensional translation stage coordinate system (xoy), the four-pole magnet coordinate system (x 'o' y '), and the coordinate of the origin of the four-pole magnet coordinate system (x' o 'y') in the three-dimensional translation stage coordinate system (xoy) is (x)0，y0) And assuming that there is an unknown error angle epsilon between o 'x' and ox, another unknown error angle delta exists between the Hall-plate measurement plane and ox. The relationship between the two coordinate systems is:
according to the magnetic field distribution characteristics of the quadrupole magnet, the magnetic induction intensity B in the x 'direction in the quadrupole magnet coordinate system (x' o 'y')x＇Magnetic induction B in the y' directiony＇Respectively satisfy:
magnetic induction B in the x' directionx＇Proportional to the y' direction position, the proportionality coefficient is the gradient G of the quadrupole magnet; magnetic induction B in y' directiony＇Proportional to the position in the x' direction, the proportionality coefficient is G. The integral value of the magnetic field gradient G along the particle trajectory, i.e., the gradient integral Gl, characterizes the focusing strength of the quadrupole magnet.
The magnetic induction intensity measured by the Hall piece is the component of the magnetic field in the normal direction of the plane of the Hall piece:
B＝By'cos(δ-ε)-Bx'sin(δ-ε) (4)
and (4) substituting the expressions (2) and (3) to obtain the magnetic induction intensity component of the Hall piece in the normal direction at any position (x, y) in the three-dimensional translation table coordinate system (xoy):
B＝G(x-x0)cos(2ε-δ)+G(y-y0)sin(2ε-δ) (5)
as shown in fig. 1, the measurements are taken along the z-direction with 4 dashed lines, respectively.The magnetic induction B is measured and recorded along the point (+ d, 0, -L) to the point (+ d, 0, + L)1(+ d, 0, z); magnetic induction B is measured and recorded from point (-d, 0, -L) to point (-d, 0, + L)2(-d, 0, z); the magnetic induction B is measured and recorded from point (0, + d, -L) to point (0, + d, + L)3(0, + d, z); measuring and recording the magnetic induction B along the points (0, -d, -L) to the points (0, -d, + L)4(0, -d, z); according to the formula (5):
and (3) further eliminating unknown included angles epsilon and delta from the formula (6), so as to obtain the gradient integral Gl meeting the formula (1).
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| CN104019730A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-03 | 西北核技术研究所 | Method and device for measuring magnetic center of quadrupole magnet |
| EP3151024A1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2017-04-05 | Multidimension Technology Co., Ltd. | Magneto-resistive z-axis gradient sensor chip |
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| EP3151024A1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2017-04-05 | Multidimension Technology Co., Ltd. | Magneto-resistive z-axis gradient sensor chip |
| CN104019730A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-03 | 西北核技术研究所 | Method and device for measuring magnetic center of quadrupole magnet |
| CN108152764A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-12 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of quadrupole electromagnet magnetic field gradient integral measurement method and device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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