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CN110926967B - A free fall impact fatigue testing machine - Google Patents

A free fall impact fatigue testing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110926967B
CN110926967B CN201911296266.4A CN201911296266A CN110926967B CN 110926967 B CN110926967 B CN 110926967B CN 201911296266 A CN201911296266 A CN 201911296266A CN 110926967 B CN110926967 B CN 110926967B
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impact
shaped plate
hammer
lifting block
assembly
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CN110926967A (en
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张峥
邹金娉
王士付
崔庆虎
杜善义
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/303Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a free fall type impact fatigue testing machine, which comprises a supporting mechanism and a hammer mechanism; the impact hammer mechanism is fixed on a ball screw of the supporting mechanism and comprises a round wheel assembly and an impact hammer assembly. According to the testing machine, the circular wheel in the circular wheel assembly is periodically contacted and matched with the L-shaped plate when rotating to drive the impact hammer assembly to lift and fall freely, so that impact fatigue is realized; the accurate impact energy quantitative representation of the kinetic energy of the free falling body of the impact hammer is realized by adjusting the mass of a weight in the impact hammer component and setting the lifting height of the impact hammer mechanism; the setting of any impact energy value within hundreds of J is realized by adjusting the mass and the impact stroke of the weight, and the precision can reach 0.1J; the impact frequency can reach more than 1Hz through the driving of the round wheel. Therefore, the testing machine provided by the invention can meet the parameter requirements required by various impact fatigue tests, is high in precision, convenient for adjusting different impact energies, compact in structure and simple and convenient to operate.

Description

Free fall formula impact fatigue testing machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to an impact fatigue testing device, in particular to a free-fall impact fatigue testing machine.
Background
The existing impact fatigue testing machine generally adopts the following steps: the cam link structure (I) achieves multiple impacts, such as that disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN 202748210U. The structure drives the cam to rotate through the motor, and then drives the connecting rod mechanism to move up and down through the cam to realize multi-impact; the link mechanism is influenced by the cam in the downward movement process, the impact process is not complete free-fall movement, the impact power is calculated according to the free-fall, the metering is inaccurate, and the experimental error is large; meanwhile, the impact energy in the mode can only preset a few gears, and the impact load cannot be flexibly adjusted according to actual requirements. And (II) realizing multiple impacts by pneumatic lifting and electromagnet attraction to release falling weight to fall, for example, the patent with the publication number of CN 207636269U. The electromagnet attracts and attracts the drop hammer to a certain height and then releases the drop hammer, and after the drop hammer falls from a free falling body to impact a sample, the electromagnet is driven to fall by the air cylinder to attract the drop hammer and drive the drop hammer to lift, so that multiple times of impact is realized. The electromagnet actuation lifting drop hammer takes a very long time, so that the impact frequency of the mode is very low, and is about 0.01 Hz-0.1 Hz. In tests of impact fatigue life or multi-impact resistance of metal members, the impact fatigue life or the multi-impact resistance is often testedNeed to perform 104Or even 105In the impact fatigue test of cycle or more, the use of the above-mentioned testing machine takes several tens of days or even several months, and the test efficiency is extremely low.
Therefore, an impact fatigue testing device which is accurate in impact energy measurement, flexible in impact load setting and capable of meeting the requirement of high impact frequency is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the impact energy measurement is accurate, the impact load adjustment is flexible and the impact frequency is high in the prior art, the invention designs a free-fall type impact fatigue testing machine, the design of matching a round wheel and an L-shaped plate is adopted, when the round wheel rotates, a lifting block on the round wheel periodically contacts and separates from the contact with the L-shaped plate on a punching hammer assembly, and the steps are repeated, so that the lifting block drives the punching hammer assembly to periodically lift and then freely fall along with the periodic rotation of the round wheel, and the impact fatigue testing of a sample is completed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
A free fall type impact fatigue testing machine, which comprises a supporting mechanism and a hammer mechanism,
the hammer impact mechanism is fixed on the supporting mechanism at a certain vertical height,
the punching hammer mechanism comprises a round wheel assembly and a punching hammer assembly;
the round wheel assembly comprises a round wheel 14, a lifting block 15 and a round wheel driving device 16; wherein, the lifting block 15 is fixedly arranged on the circular plane of the circular wheel 14 and is close to the position of the circle;
the impact hammer component sequentially comprises from top to bottom: an L-shaped plate 13, a connecting rod 12, a fastener 11, a weight 10, a bearing plate 9 and a punch 8; the long side of the L-shaped plate 13 is in the horizontal direction, and the short side is perpendicular to the circular plane of the circular wheel 14; the upper end and the lower end of the connecting rod 12 are respectively connected with an L-shaped plate 13 and a bearing plate 9; the lower surface of the bearing plate 9 is used for accommodating the punch 8, and the upper surface of the bearing plate is used for placing a weight 10; the weight 10 is detachably fixed on the bearing plate 9 through a fastener 11;
when the circular wheel driving device 16 drives the circular wheel 14 to rotate, the lifting block 15 fixed on the circular wheel 14 rotates along with the circular wheel, and in the process that the lifting block rotates upwards from the lowest point in the vertical direction, after the lifting block contacts the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate 13, the L-shaped plate 13 is driven to lift along with the continuous rotation, so that the whole punching hammer assembly is driven to lift; when the lifting block 15 continues to rotate to the highest point in the vertical direction, the L-shaped plate 13 is lifted to the highest point, and the impact hammer component reaches a preset impact distance h; subsequently, the lifting block 15 continues to rotate and is separated from contact with the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate 13, so that the impact hammer assembly loses support and falls freely under the action of gravity, and one-time impact is realized; then, the lifting block 15 and the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate repeat the contact and the separation processes along with the continuous rotation of the circular wheel 14, so that the lifting block 15 drives the punch hammer assembly to periodically lift and then freely fall along with the periodic rotation of the circular wheel 14, and the impact fatigue of a sample to be tested below the punch is realized.
Furthermore, the supporting mechanism is a frame shaped like a Chinese character 'ri', and comprises a base 1, two ball screws 2, a ball screw driving device, a middle supporting beam 3 and a top beam 6; wherein, two ball screws vertically penetrate through two ends of the middle supporting beam 3, and the upper end and the lower end of the ball screws are respectively and vertically fixed on the top beam 6 and the base 1; the middle supporting beam 3 is positioned below the top beam 6, is horizontally fixed on the two ball screws 2 and is used for supporting the hammer mechanism;
before the impact fatigue test is started, the two ball screws 2 drive the middle supporting beam 3 fixed on the ball screws to move up and down under the driving of the ball screw driving device, so that the impact distance h of the impact hammer mechanism is set.
Further, the lifting block 15 is made of a load bearing; the two ends of the long edge of the L-shaped plate 13 are fixedly connected with the connecting rod 11, and the contact part of the lower surface of the short edge of the L-shaped plate and the lifting block 15 is processed into a cambered surface.
Further, the circular wheel assembly is mounted on an assembly plate 4; the assembling plate 4 is fixed on the middle supporting beam 3 and is vertical to the middle supporting beam; the upper end of the connecting rod 12 vertically penetrates through the middle supporting beam 3 and the assembling plate 4 and then is connected with the L-shaped plate 13, the long edge of the L-shaped plate 13 is parallel to the middle supporting beam 3, and when the L-shaped plate is not lifted by the lifting block 15, the L-shaped plate is suspended above the assembling plate 4 through the snap ring 5 arranged on the assembling plate 4.
Further, the weight 10 is provided with a slot for the connecting rod 12 to pass through, so that the weight can be placed and removed.
Further, the impact work when the punch hammer component impacts the sample is the work of gravity when the punch hammer component falls, the impact work Q is mgh, wherein g is the gravity acceleration, h is the impact distance between the bottom end of the punch 8 and the upper surface of the sample to be measured before the punch hammer component falls, and m is the total mass of the punch hammer component, which is the sum of the masses of the L-shaped plate 13, the connecting rod 12, the fastener 11, the weight 10, the bearing plate 9 and the punch 8.
Further, the circular wheel driving device 16 is driven in an electromechanical mode, and the working frequency reaches more than 1Hz and can be arranged in multiple stages.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages:
1. through the matching of the circular wheel assembly and the impact hammer assembly, namely the periodic contact and the separation of the lifting block on the circular wheel and the L-shaped plate, the impact hammer assembly impacts a sample in a running mode of complete free fall, so that the impact energy can be accurately represented, the calculation is accurate, and the experimental result is accurate and reliable;
2. the circular wheel mechanism is driven by an electromechanical mode, the working frequency can reach more than 1Hz and can be arranged in multiple stages, so that the impact frequency can be flexibly adjusted, and compared with an electromagnetic suction mode, the efficiency of a fatigue test is greatly improved;
3. the impact stroke and the weight mass can be adjusted, so that the numerical adjustment of the impact energy is flexible and convenient, the impact energy precision can reach 0.1J, the diversified requirements of different objects to be tested on the experimental parameters can be met, and the application range of the testing machine is wide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view (front view) of the overall structure of the testing machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the testing machine according to the present invention after the wheel assembly and the hammer punch assembly are mounted.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an L-shaped plate in the testing machine of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the position of the lifting block 15 just contacting the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate 13 in the testing machine of the present invention.
In fig. 1-4, 1, a base, 2, a ball screw, 3, a middle supporting beam, 4, an assembling plate, 5, a clamping ring, 6, a top beam, 7, a ball screw driving device, 8, a punch, 9, a bearing plate, 10, a weight, 11, a fastener, 12, a connecting rod, 13, an L-shaped plate, 14, a round wheel, 15, a lifting block, 16, and a round wheel driving device.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
In a certain compressor equipment manufacturer, an impact and fatigue resistance test is carried out on an annular metal valve plate which is made of chromium 13 (the brand numbers are 2Cr13, 3Cr13 and the like) and has the thickness of more than or equal to 2mm in a suction/exhaust valve of a compressor. According to different service environments and operation parameters of the valve plate, the impact energy requirement is different within the range of 0-500J, the precision requirement reaches 0.1J, and the required impact fatigue cycle requirement reaches 105The above steps are repeated. In order to meet the actual requirements of accurate impact energy measurement, short test period, high efficiency and accurate load range adjustment, the invention specially designs a free fall type impact fatigue testing machine, which comprises the following components:
a free fall type impact fatigue testing machine, which comprises a supporting mechanism and a hammer mechanism,
the hammer punching mechanism is fixed on the supporting mechanism at a certain vertical height.
The punching hammer mechanism comprises a round wheel assembly and a punching hammer assembly;
the round wheel assembly comprises a round wheel 14, a lifting block 15 and a round wheel driving device 16; wherein, the lifting block 15 is fixedly arranged on the circular plane of the circular wheel 14 and is close to the position of the circle;
the impact hammer component sequentially comprises from top to bottom: an L-shaped plate 13, a connecting rod 12, a fastener 11, a weight 10, a bearing plate 9 and a punch 8; the long side of the L-shaped plate 13 is in the horizontal direction, and the short side is perpendicular to the circular plane of the circular wheel 14; the upper end and the lower end of the connecting rod 12 are respectively connected with an L-shaped plate 13 and a bearing plate 9; the lower surface of the bearing plate 9 is used for accommodating the punch 8, and the upper surface of the bearing plate is used for placing a weight 10; the weight 10 is detachably fixed on the bearing plate 9 through a fastener 11;
when the circular wheel driving device 16 drives the circular wheel 14 to rotate, the lifting block 15 fixed on the circular wheel 14 rotates along with the circular wheel, and in the process that the lifting block rotates upwards from the lowest point in the vertical direction, after the lifting block contacts the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate 13, the L-shaped plate 13 is driven to lift along with the continuous rotation, so that the whole punching hammer assembly is driven to lift; when the lifting block 15 continues to rotate to the highest point in the vertical direction, the L-shaped plate 13 is lifted to the highest point, and the impact hammer component reaches a preset impact distance h; subsequently, the lifting block 15 continues to rotate and is separated from contact with the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate 13, so that the impact hammer assembly loses support and falls freely under the action of gravity, and one-time impact is realized; then, the lifting block 15 and the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate repeat the contact and the separation processes along with the continuous rotation of the circular wheel 14, so that the lifting block 15 drives the punch hammer assembly to periodically lift and then freely fall along with the periodic rotation of the circular wheel 14, and the impact fatigue of a sample to be tested below the punch is realized.
The supporting mechanism is a frame shaped like a Chinese character 'ri', and comprises a base 1, two ball screws 2, a ball screw driving device, a middle supporting beam 3 and a top beam 6; wherein, two ball screws vertically penetrate through two ends of the middle supporting beam 3, and the upper end and the lower end of the ball screws are respectively and vertically fixed on the top beam 6 and the base 1; the middle supporting beam 3 is positioned below the top beam 6, is horizontally fixed on the two ball screws 2 and is used for supporting the hammer mechanism;
before the impact fatigue test is started, the two ball screws 2 drive the middle supporting beam 3 fixed on the ball screws to move up and down under the driving of the ball screw driving device, so that the impact distance h of the impact hammer mechanism is set.
The lifting block 15 is made of a load bearing; the two ends of the long edge of the L-shaped plate 13 are fixedly connected with the connecting rod 11, and the contact part of the lower surface of the short edge of the L-shaped plate and the lifting block 15 is processed into a cambered surface.
The round wheel assembly is arranged on an assembly plate 4; the assembling plate 4 is fixed on the middle supporting beam 3 and is vertical to the middle supporting beam; the upper end of the connecting rod 12 vertically penetrates through the middle supporting beam 3 and the assembling plate 4 and then is connected with the L-shaped plate 13, the long edge of the L-shaped plate 13 is parallel to the middle supporting beam 3, and when the L-shaped plate is not lifted by the lifting block 15, the L-shaped plate is suspended above the assembling plate 4 through the snap ring 5 arranged on the assembling plate 4.
The weight 10 is provided with a slot for the connecting rod 12 to pass through so as to be installed and detached.
The impact work when the impact hammer component impacts the sample is the work done by gravity when the impact hammer component falls, the impact work Q is mgh, wherein g is the gravity acceleration, h is the impact distance between the bottom end of the punch 8 and the upper surface of the sample to be measured before the impact hammer component falls, and m is the total mass of the impact hammer component, which is the sum of the masses of the L-shaped plate 13, the connecting rod 12, the fastening piece 11, the weight 10, the bearing plate 9 and the punch 8.
The circular wheel driving device 16 is driven in an electromechanical mode, the working frequency reaches more than 1Hz, and the circular wheel driving device can be arranged in multiple stages.
In the testing machine of the present invention: the circular wheel assembly is used for realizing periodic lifting and free falling of the punch hammer assembly; the impact hammer assembly is used for providing impact fatigue load; the weight is installed in a slot mode, fixed by a detachable fastener, convenient and flexible to install or detach, and used for adjusting the total mass of the impact hammer component so as to flexibly and accurately adjust impact energy; the cambered surface design of the L-shaped plate 13 enables the contact between the L-shaped plate and the lifting block 13 to be linear contact, so that the impact energy formed by free falling bodies is calculated more accurately; the vertical upper and lower positions of the supporting beam are adjusted to change the impact distance h, so that the supporting beam is convenient to adjust; periodic contact and the break away from contact of promotion piece and L shaped plate on the round wheel have realized the impact hammer subassembly and have strikeed the sample with the operation form of complete free fall for the percussion power can accurate calculation, and the experimental result is accurate reliable. Therefore, the testing machine has the advantages of compact structure, convenience in adjustment, high metering accuracy, short testing period and the like.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and/or simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and shall be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a free fall formula impact fatigue testing machine, includes supporting mechanism and impact hammer mechanism, impact hammer mechanism is fixed in with certain vertical height on the supporting mechanism, its characterized in that:
the punching hammer mechanism comprises a round wheel assembly and a punching hammer assembly;
the round wheel assembly comprises a round wheel (14), a lifting block (15) and a round wheel driving device (16); wherein, the lifting block (15) is fixedly arranged on the circular plane of the circular wheel (14) and is close to the position of the circumference;
the impact hammer component sequentially comprises from top to bottom: the device comprises an L-shaped plate (13), a connecting rod (12), a fastener (11), weights (10), a bearing plate (9) and a punch (8); wherein the long side of the L-shaped plate (13) is along the horizontal direction, and the short side is perpendicular to the circular plane of the circular wheel (14); the upper end and the lower end of the connecting rod (12) are respectively connected with an L-shaped plate (13) and a bearing plate (9); the lower surface of the bearing plate (9) is used for placing the punch (8), and the upper surface of the bearing plate is used for placing a weight (10); the weight (10) is detachably fixed on the bearing plate (9) through a fastener (11);
when the circular wheel driving device (16) drives the circular wheel (14) to rotate, the lifting block (15) fixedly arranged on the circular wheel (14) rotates along with the circular wheel, and in the process that the lifting block rotates upwards from the lowest point in the vertical direction, the lifting block drives the L-shaped plate (13) to lift along with continuous rotation after contacting the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate (13), so that the whole impact hammer component is driven to lift; when the lifting block (15) continues to rotate to the highest point in the vertical direction, the L-shaped plate (13) is lifted to the highest point, and the impact hammer component reaches a preset impact distance h; then, the lifting block (15) continues to rotate and is separated from contact with the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate (13), so that the impact hammer assembly loses support and falls freely under the action of gravity to realize one-time impact; then, the lifting block (15) and the lower surface of the short side of the L-shaped plate repeat the process of contact and separation along with the continuous rotation of the circular wheel (14), so that the lifting block (15) drives the impact hammer component to periodically lift and then freely fall along with the periodic rotation of the circular wheel (14), and the impact fatigue of a sample to be tested below the punch is realized;
the lifting block (15) is made of a bearing; the both ends on the long limit of L shaped plate (13) with connecting rod (12) fixed connection, the lower surface of its minor face with promote piece (15) contact site and process to the cambered surface, the above-mentioned cambered surface design of L shaped plate (13) makes its and promotes the contact between piece (15) for line contact.
2. The free-fall impact fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the supporting mechanism is a frame shaped like a Chinese character 'ri', and comprises a base (1), two ball screws (2), a ball screw driving device (7), a middle supporting beam (3) and a top beam (6); wherein, two ball screws vertically penetrate through two ends of the middle supporting beam (3), and the upper end and the lower end of the ball screws are respectively and vertically fixed on the top beam (6) and the base (1); the middle supporting beam (3) is positioned below the top beam (6), is horizontally fixed on the two ball screws (2) and is used for supporting the hammer mechanism;
before the impact fatigue test is started, the two ball screws (2) drive the middle supporting beam (3) fixed on the ball screws to move up and down under the driving of the ball screw driving device, so that the impact distance h of the impact hammer mechanism is set.
3. A free fall impact fatigue tester according to claim 2, wherein the circular wheel assembly is mounted on an assembly plate (4); the assembling plate (4) is fixed on the middle supporting cross beam (3) and is vertical to the middle supporting cross beam; the upper end of connecting rod (12) passes perpendicularly middle part supporting beam (3) with behind assembling plate (4) with L shaped plate (13) are connected, the long limit of L shaped plate (13) with middle part supporting beam (3) are parallel, and it is not by when promoting piece (15) and lifting, through snap ring (5) suspension that set up on assembling plate (4) in assembling plate (4) top.
4. A free-fall impact fatigue tester according to claim 1, wherein the weight (10) is provided with a slot for the connection rod (12) to pass through for mounting and dismounting.
5. The free-fall impact fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the impact work of the impact hammer assembly when impacting the test sample is the work of gravity when the impact hammer assembly falls, and the impact work Q is mgh, wherein g is the gravity acceleration, h is the impact distance from the bottom end of the punch (8) to the upper surface of the test sample before the impact hammer assembly falls, and m is the total mass of the impact hammer assembly, which is the sum of the masses of the L-shaped plate (13), the connecting rod (12), the fastening member (11), the weight (10), the bearing plate (9) and the punch (8).
6. The free fall impact fatigue tester according to claim 1, wherein the circular wheel driving device (16) is driven by electromechanical means, has an operating frequency of 1Hz or higher, and can be set in multiple stages.
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CN111397828A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-07-10 杭叉集团股份有限公司 Impact test bench
CN113063684A (en) * 2021-03-13 2021-07-02 向相学 Automatic locking strength detection device for container
CN113820119A (en) * 2021-10-28 2021-12-21 西北工业大学 An automatic cyclic impact fatigue test device
CN115307859A (en) * 2022-07-13 2022-11-08 东南大学 A high frequency drop weight impact fatigue test device

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JP3836585B2 (en) * 1997-11-19 2006-10-25 株式会社東芝 Impact test equipment
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