CN110918864A - Forging method of cross shaft forging - Google Patents
Forging method of cross shaft forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN110918864A CN110918864A CN201911398236.4A CN201911398236A CN110918864A CN 110918864 A CN110918864 A CN 110918864A CN 201911398236 A CN201911398236 A CN 201911398236A CN 110918864 A CN110918864 A CN 110918864A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/12—Making machine elements axles or shafts of specially-shaped cross-section
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/008—Incremental forging
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging method of a cross shaft forging, which comprises the following steps: step one, preprocessing before deformation; step two, primary fire passing; step three, fire passing is performed again; step four, final fire passing; step five, performing heat treatment after forging; step six, checking the forged piece; a grinding wheel cutting machine is adopted for blanking, an original blank is prepared according to the specification and the size required by forging, the processed blank is heated by an electric furnace, the heating temperature is 600-plus-700 ℃, and the heating and heat preservation time is 120-plus-140 min; placing the pretreated blank on a hydraulic press to perform first fire-passing forging treatment, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the blank dead head end is pressed with a clamp handle, chamfered edges and water gap filing treatment by matching an upper flat V-shaped anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil with a chopping knife; placing the raw material subjected to the first fire forging on a hydraulic press for second fire forging treatment; the forging piece has the advantages of good quality, good mechanical property and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging of forgings, in particular to a method for forging a cross shaft forging.
Background
The forging piece is a workpiece or a blank obtained by forging and deforming a metal blank, pressure is applied to the metal blank to enable the metal blank to generate plastic deformation, the mechanical property of the forging piece can be changed, the forging piece can be divided into cold forging and hot forging according to the temperature of the blank during processing, looseness and holes of metal can be eliminated through forging, the mechanical property of the forging piece can be improved, in the forging process of the cross shaft forging piece in the prior art, the forging piece is poor in quality, does not have good mechanical property, and is short in service life, and therefore, the design of the forging method of the cross shaft forging piece is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forging a cross shaft forging to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a forging method of a cross shaft forging comprises the following steps: step one, preprocessing before deformation; step two, primary fire passing; step three, fire passing is performed again; step four, final fire passing; step five, performing heat treatment after forging; step six, checking the forged piece;
in the first step, a grinding wheel cutting machine is adopted for blanking, an original blank is prepared according to the specification and the size required by forging, the processed blank is heated by an electric furnace, the heating temperature is 600-;
in the second step, the blank after pretreatment is placed on a hydraulic press to be subjected to first fire-passing forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the blank dead head end is subjected to clamp handle, chamfering and water gap filing treatment by matching of an upper flat V-shaped anvil, a lower flat V-shaped anvil and a chopping knife;
in the third step, the raw material after the first annealing forging is placed on a hydraulic press to be subjected to second annealing forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the raw material is subjected to upsetting stretching forging treatment by matching a spherical upsetting plate, an upsetting bushing plate and upper and lower flat anvils;
in the fourth step, the raw material after the second-time fire forging is placed on a tonnage press machine to be subjected to third-time fire forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 750 ℃, the raw material is subjected to drawing forging treatment by matching of a triangle, an upper flat lower V anvil, a special narrow anvil and a chopping knife, and each part is finished to the size of a forged piece;
in the fifth step, after the forging is finished, the forge piece is cooled to 600 ℃ in air and charged, the forge piece is cooled to about 300 ℃ in air and is cooled to be charged, then the temperature is raised to 670 ℃ at a certain speed for uniform temperature, and then the temperature is raised to 910-plus 930 ℃ at full power, so that a large amount of austenite crystal nuclei are rapidly generated to refine crystal grains, the temperature is maintained for a long time after the furnace is sealed and cooled to 690 ℃, the tissue is ensured to be completely transformed into pearlite and ferrite, and then the furnace is continuously cooled to about 300 ℃;
and in the sixth step, the cooled forge piece is inspected, and the forge piece qualified by inspection is stored in a warehouse.
According to the technical scheme, in the first step, the raw blank is subjected to treatments of derusting, surface defect removal, oxidation resistance, lubrication and the like.
According to the technical scheme, in the second step, the forging is subjected to shoulder pressing treatment during forging, too large pressing amount cannot be used when one hammer is pressed, a method of small pressing amount and rapid turning is adopted, namely, after one hammer is pressed, the forging is turned over for 180 degrees to press opposite blanks, and every two hammers are turned over for 180 degrees to prevent the center line of the forging from deviating.
According to the technical scheme, in the second step, the blank is drawn out by adopting a WHF forging method, a reasonable tool is adopted during drawing, the drawing is strictly controlled according to parameters of the WHF forging method, if cracks appear in the blank, the blank is timely cleaned, chamfering is carried out at high temperature, the blank is prevented from cracking in subsequent large deformation, the central line of the blank is ensured to be vertical, and bending is prevented.
According to the technical scheme, in the second step, the first-time fire forging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept for 12 hours at the initial forging temperature of 1200 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, in the third step, shoulder cutting is carried out during forging, the accurate size needs to be measured during shoulder cutting, the engraving is clear, and shoulder cutting errors are prevented.
According to the technical scheme, in the fifth step, the heating rate is 60 ℃/h.
According to the technical scheme, in the sixth step, the shape and size, the surface quality, the metallographic structure and the mechanical property of the forge piece are detected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a grinding wheel cutting machine is adopted for blanking, an original blank is prepared according to the specification and the size required by forging, the processed blank is heated by an electric furnace, the heating temperature is 600-plus-700 ℃, and the heating and heat preservation time is 120-plus-140 min; placing the pretreated blank on a hydraulic press to perform first fire-passing forging treatment, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the blank dead head end is pressed with a clamp handle, chamfered edges and water gap filing treatment by matching an upper flat V-shaped anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil with a chopping knife; placing the raw material subjected to the first-time fire forging on a hydraulic press for second-time fire forging treatment, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the raw material is subjected to upsetting and drawing forging treatment by matching a spherical upsetting plate, an upsetting bushing plate, an upper flat anvil and a lower flat anvil; placing the raw materials subjected to the second fire-passing forging on a tonnage press machine for carrying out third fire-passing forging treatment, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 750 ℃, and the raw materials are subjected to drawing forging treatment by matching a triangle, an upper flat V anvil, a lower flat V anvil, a special narrow anvil and a chopping knife, and finishing each part to the size of a forged piece; after the forging is finished, the forging is cooled to 600 ℃ in air and charged, the forging is cooled to about 300 ℃ for supercooling, then the temperature is raised to 670 ℃ at a certain speed for temperature equalization, the temperature is raised to 910-930 ℃ at full power, the rapid and mass generation of austenite crystal nuclei is promoted so as to refine crystal grains, the temperature is maintained for a long time after the furnace is sealed and cooled to 690 ℃, the tissue is ensured to be completely transformed into pearlite and ferrite, and then the furnace is continuously cooled to about 300 ℃; the invention carries out fire treatment for three times on the blank to enable the cross shaft to achieve better mechanical property and have better mechanical property, and the heat treatment after forging provides proper hardness for mechanical processing, and simultaneously eliminates internal stress generated during forging, refines crystal grains, improves chemical composition and tissue nonuniformity in the forging, reduces H content and finally prolongs the actual service life of the forging.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a forging method of a cross shaft forging comprises the following steps: step one, preprocessing before deformation; step two, primary fire passing; step three, fire passing is performed again; step four, final fire passing; step five, performing heat treatment after forging; step six, checking the forged piece;
in the first step, a grinding wheel cutting machine is used for blanking, an original blank is prepared according to the specification and the size required by forging, the processed blank is heated by an electric furnace at the heating temperature of 600-;
in the second step, the blank after pretreatment is placed on a hydraulic press to be subjected to first fire-passing forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, a clamp handle, chamfering and water gap filing treatment are carried out on the riser end of the blank through the matching of an upper flat V-shaped anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil and a chopper, in the second step, the blank is drawn out by adopting a WHF forging method, a reasonable tool is adopted during drawing out, the parameters are strictly controlled according to the WHF forging method, if the blank has cracks, the blank is timely cleaned, chamfering is carried out at high temperature, cracking in subsequent large deformation is prevented, the central line of the blank is ensured to be vertical, and bending is prevented; in the second step, the first fire forging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept for 12 hours at the initial forging temperature of 1200 ℃; step two, performing shoulder pressing treatment on the forge piece during forging, wherein one hammer cannot be pressed with too large pressing amount, and a method of small pressing amount and rapid turning is adopted, namely, the forge piece is turned over by 180 degrees after one hammer is pressed during forging to press opposite blanks, and the center line of the forge piece is prevented from being deviated when every two hammers are turned over by 180 degrees;
in the third step, the raw material after the first-time fire forging is placed on a hydraulic press to be subjected to second-time fire forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, the raw material is subjected to upsetting and stretching forging treatment through the matching of a spherical upsetting plate, an upsetting bushing and upper and lower flat anvils, in the third step, shoulder cutting is performed during forging, the accurate size needs to be measured during shoulder cutting, the engraving is clear, and the shoulder cutting error is prevented;
in the fourth step, the raw material after the second-time fire forging is placed on a tonnage press machine to be subjected to third-time fire forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 750 ℃, the raw material is subjected to drawing forging treatment by matching of a triangle, an upper flat lower V anvil, a special narrow anvil and a chopping knife, and each part is finished to the size of a forged piece;
in the fifth step, after the forging is finished, the forge piece is cooled to 600 ℃ in air and charged, the forge piece is supercooled to about 300 ℃ to be charged, then the temperature is raised to 670 ℃ at a certain speed for temperature equalization, and in the fifth step, the temperature raising rate is 60 ℃/h; heating to 910-930 ℃ at full power to promote a large amount of austenite crystal nuclei to be generated rapidly so as to refine crystal grains, sealing the furnace after heat preservation and cooling to 690 ℃ for long-time heat preservation to ensure that the tissue is completely transformed into pearlite and ferrite, and then continuously cooling to about 300 ℃ in the furnace;
and step six, checking the cooled forge piece, warehousing and storing the forge piece qualified by the check, and detecting the shape and size, the surface quality, the metallographic structure and the mechanical property of the forge piece in step six.
Based on the above, the method has the advantages that the grinding wheel cutting machine is adopted for blanking, the original blank is prepared according to the specification and the size required by forging, the processed blank is heated by the electric furnace, the heating temperature is 600-; placing the pretreated blank on a hydraulic press to perform first fire-passing forging treatment, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the blank dead head end is pressed with a clamp handle, chamfered edges and water gap filing treatment by matching an upper flat V-shaped anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil with a chopping knife; placing the raw material subjected to the first-time fire forging on a hydraulic press for second-time fire forging treatment, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the raw material is subjected to upsetting and drawing forging treatment by matching a spherical upsetting plate, an upsetting bushing plate, an upper flat anvil and a lower flat anvil; placing the raw materials subjected to the second fire-passing forging on a tonnage press machine for carrying out third fire-passing forging treatment, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 750 ℃, and the raw materials are subjected to drawing forging treatment by matching a triangle, an upper flat V anvil, a lower flat V anvil, a special narrow anvil and a chopping knife, and finishing each part to the size of a forged piece; after the forging is finished, the forging is cooled to 600 ℃ in air and charged, the forging is cooled to about 300 ℃ for supercooling, then the temperature is raised to 670 ℃ at a certain speed for temperature equalization, the temperature is raised to 910-930 ℃ at full power, the rapid and mass generation of austenite crystal nuclei is promoted so as to refine crystal grains, the temperature is maintained for a long time after the furnace is sealed and cooled to 690 ℃, the tissue is ensured to be completely transformed into pearlite and ferrite, and then the furnace is continuously cooled to about 300 ℃; the invention carries out fire treatment for three times on the blank to enable the cross shaft to achieve better mechanical property and have better mechanical property, and the heat treatment after forging provides proper hardness for mechanical processing, and simultaneously eliminates internal stress generated during forging, refines crystal grains, improves chemical composition and tissue nonuniformity in the forging, reduces H content and finally prolongs the actual service life of the forging.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A forging method of a cross shaft forging comprises the following steps: step one, preprocessing before deformation; step two, primary fire passing; step three, fire passing is performed again; step four, final fire passing; step five, performing heat treatment after forging; step six, checking the forged piece; the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, a grinding wheel cutting machine is adopted for blanking, an original blank is prepared according to the specification and the size required by forging, the processed blank is heated by an electric furnace, the heating temperature is 600-;
in the second step, the blank after pretreatment is placed on a hydraulic press to be subjected to first fire-passing forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the blank dead head end is subjected to clamp handle, chamfering and water gap filing treatment by matching of an upper flat V-shaped anvil, a lower flat V-shaped anvil and a chopping knife;
in the third step, the raw material after the first annealing forging is placed on a hydraulic press to be subjected to second annealing forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 850 ℃, and the raw material is subjected to upsetting stretching forging treatment by matching a spherical upsetting plate, an upsetting bushing plate and upper and lower flat anvils;
in the fourth step, the raw material after the second-time fire forging is placed on a tonnage press machine to be subjected to third-time fire forging treatment, the initial forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the final forging temperature is 750 ℃, the raw material is subjected to drawing forging treatment by matching of a triangle, an upper flat lower V anvil, a special narrow anvil and a chopping knife, and each part is finished to the size of a forged piece;
in the fifth step, after the forging is finished, the forge piece is cooled to 600 ℃ in air and charged, the forge piece is cooled to about 300 ℃ in air and is cooled to be charged, then the temperature is raised to 670 ℃ at a certain speed for uniform temperature, and then the temperature is raised to 910-plus 930 ℃ at full power, so that a large amount of austenite crystal nuclei are rapidly generated to refine crystal grains, the temperature is maintained for a long time after the furnace is sealed and cooled to 690 ℃, the tissue is ensured to be completely transformed into pearlite and ferrite, and then the furnace is continuously cooled to about 300 ℃;
and in the sixth step, the cooled forge piece is inspected, and the forge piece qualified by inspection is stored in a warehouse.
2. The forging method of a cross forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the raw blank is subjected to treatments of derusting, surface defect removal, oxidation resistance, lubrication and the like.
3. The forging method of a cross forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the forging is pressed with shoulders during forging, too large pressing amount cannot be used when one hammer is pressed, a method of small pressing amount and rapid turning is adopted, namely, after one hammer is pressed, the forging is turned over for 180 degrees to press opposite blanks, and every two hammers are turned over for 180 degrees to prevent the center line of the forging from deviating.
4. The forging method of a cross forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, a WHF forging method is adopted for drawing, a reasonable tool is adopted during drawing, the control is strictly carried out according to parameters of the WHF forging method, if cracks appear in the blank, the blank is timely cleaned, chamfering is carried out at high temperature, the cracking in subsequent large deformation is prevented, the central line of the blank is ensured to be vertical, and the bending is prevented.
5. The forging method of a cross forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the first fire forging treatment is carried out, and the temperature is kept for 12 hours at the initial forging temperature of 1200 ℃.
6. The forging method of a cross forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, shoulder cutting is carried out during forging, the accurate size needs to be measured during shoulder cutting, the engraving mark needs to be clear, and shoulder cutting errors are prevented.
7. The forging method of a cross forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the heating rate is 60 ℃/h.
8. The forging method of a cross forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step six, detecting the shape and size, the surface quality, the metallographic structure and the mechanical property of the forge piece.
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| CN201911398236.4A CN110918864A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Forging method of cross shaft forging |
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| CN201911398236.4A CN110918864A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Forging method of cross shaft forging |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111790865A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-10-20 | 洛阳中重铸锻有限责任公司 | Forging process method for refining austenitic stainless steel grains |
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