CN110901847A - A prevention and control system and monitoring method for marine marine biological attachments - Google Patents
A prevention and control system and monitoring method for marine marine biological attachments Download PDFInfo
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- CN110901847A CN110901847A CN201911326142.6A CN201911326142A CN110901847A CN 110901847 A CN110901847 A CN 110901847A CN 201911326142 A CN201911326142 A CN 201911326142A CN 110901847 A CN110901847 A CN 110901847A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/04—Preventing hull fouling
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Abstract
The invention relates to a marine organism attachment prevention and control system and a marine organism attachment monitoring method for a ship. The damage condition of the conductive antifouling coating can be known by detecting, comparing and analyzing the magnitude of the induced voltage generated in each conductive grid. The control system and the control method can detect the damage condition of the conductive antifouling coating in real time, have good timeliness, can be used in both parking and navigation, can directly know the precise position of the damage, and have high intelligent degree, high detection precision and good man-machine effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine organism adhesion prevention and control on the surface of a ship, in particular to a marine organism adhesion prevention and control system and a marine organism adhesion monitoring method for a ship.
Background
There are various living beings in the ocean, and when boats and ships navigate in the ocean, some living beings can attach to the hull surface, and this can bring huge loss for the ship operation, mainly shows in increase boats and ships navigation resistance, increase fuel consumption, aggravate hull surface corrosion, block up cooling pipe, make boats and ships dock and repair more frequently etc.. These organisms are generally called marine periphytons or marine fouling organisms and are a general term for animals, plants and microorganisms that inhabit, attach and grow on ship bottoms, docks, buoys and various artificial facilities and adversely affect the economic activities of humans. According to the increase degree of the friction force of marine fouling organisms on the attached substrate, the marine fouling organisms can be divided into three types: one is fouling microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, micro-algae, etc., which probably account for 1% -2% of the whole friction increase; second, soft fouling organisms, which account for 10% of the overall increase in friction; the third category is hard fouling organisms, including shells, pipe worms and bryozoans, which contribute most to the increase of the friction force of the ship matrix, and the friction force is up to more than 50%.
During the mooring or sailing process of a ship, almost all living organisms in the sea can temporarily or permanently adhere to the external substrate of the ship, and the adhesion process can be divided into several stages according to the formation sequence:
(1) conditioning film
The conditional film is an organic film with negative charges and strong adhesive force, the thickness is generally between 10 and 20nm, and the organic film is flat and tightly adhered to the surface of an object. Conditioned membranes contain mainly polysaccharides, proteins, proteoglycans, etc., and may also contain some inorganic substances mainly derived from excrements of living organisms or autolysates and decomposition products of dead organisms. The conditioned membrane changes the physicochemical properties of the solid surface and simultaneously provides nutrients for the attachment of microorganisms, and is the soil to which the organisms attach.
(2) Microbial film
After the conditioned membrane is formed, microorganisms such as bacteria and diatoms are attached and grown on the conditioned membrane, a layer of water, organic matters, microorganisms and viscous extracellular high polymer EPS (polysaccharide), protein and glycoprotein which is secreted by the microorganisms are formed, firm adhesion is formed between the microorganisms and the attached surface, and simultaneously, impurities in the sea, such as ionic precipitates, marine organism dead bodies and the like are adhered to the EPS, so that a microbial membrane which is formed by the adhered sediment, EPS gel and the microorganisms is formed, wherein the EPS gel accounts for 75-90% of the dry weight of the microbial membrane.
The formation of the microbial film is an important node, on one hand, on the basis of the microbial film, the resistance of bacteria in the film to antibiotics and preservatives is greatly increased; on the other hand, the microbial film provides suitable living conditions for the larva of large fouling organisms. Meanwhile, the microorganisms can generate sulfides and thiosulfate in the metabolic process, so that the corrosion of metal materials on the surface of the ship body is accelerated. Statistically, only the microbial film and the micro fouling organisms adhered thereto increase the fuel consumption of the ship by 18%, and reduce the sailing speed by at least 20%.
(3) Large fouling organism layer
Because the microbial film provides rich nutrient sources and a good growing environment, the larvae of large fouling organisms such as prokaryotes, fungi, macroalgae spores, barnacles, mussels, and tube worms can be continuously attached to the microbial film, and the microorganisms develop into complex biological communities including multicellular primary producers, herbivores, decomposers and the like within a few weeks. With the lapse of time, a large number of spores and larvae adhered on the microbial film continuously grow, so that the fouling area of the surface of the object is continuously enlarged, the thickness of the object is continuously increased, and finally, a large fouling biological layer is formed.
It is known from the process of fouling organism attachment outside the marine substrate that it is important to prevent the formation of microbial films. At present, one method is to coat a conductive antifouling coating on the exterior of a ship substrate, to apply a minute electric current to the conductive antifouling coating as an anode, and to coat hypochlorite ions (ClO) generated by electrolyzing seawater on the surface layer of the conductive antifouling coating when seawater is electrolyzed-) Hypochlorite ions are the bactericidal component of bleaching powder, can effectively prevent marine organisms from attaching and have no harmful effect on marine environment.
However, during the navigation of the ship in the ocean, the conductive antifouling coating is subjected to physical impact of seawater, seawater corrosion and electrolytic corrosion on one hand, and is subjected to collision and impact of various solids and organisms in the seawater on the other hand, so that the conductive antifouling coating is damaged and falls off. The damaged and peeled parts of the conductive antifouling coating are re-attached by marine fouling organisms, so that monitoring the condition of the conductive antifouling coating is a problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a prevention and control system and a monitoring method for marine organism attachments for ships, wherein the prevention and control system comprises a first insulating layer, an induction electric layer, a second insulating layer and a conductive antifouling coating which are sequentially arranged from a ship substrate to the outside, the induction electric layer is of a grid-shaped structure and comprises grid-shaped insulating lines and a plurality of conductive grids divided by the insulating lines, and the conductive grids are insulated from one another; the antifouling coating is characterized by also comprising an antifouling power supply connected with the conductive antifouling coating, wherein the positive electrode of the antifouling power supply is connected with the conductive antifouling coating; the monitoring device is connected with each conductive grid in the sensing electric layer and used for monitoring the condition of induced charges in each grid on the sensing electric layer.
Further, the first insulating layer, the induction layer, the second insulating layer and the conductive antifouling coating are arranged below the waterline of the ship.
Further, in each conductive mesh of the induction layer, an electrode is provided at a position adjacent to the first insulating layer, and the conductive electrode is connected to the monitoring device via a wire laid in the first insulating layer.
And the monitoring device comprises a storage device and a processing device, the voltage sensors are connected with the conducting wires and the processing device of the monitoring device, and the detected induced voltage data of each conducting grid are transmitted to the processing device.
Furthermore, each conductive grid is square, the area of each conductive grid is the same, and the side length of each conductive grid is 30-200 cm.
Furthermore, each conductive grid is rectangular, the area of each conductive grid is the same, and the area of each conductive grid is 1m2-10m2。
Further, the shape and the area of each conductive grid are different. According to the risk conditions that the conductive antifouling coating at different positions is damaged and falls off in the navigation of the ship, for the positions which are easy to be impacted by organisms in sea water and are near the propeller of the bow and the stern and are easy to damage and fall off, the area of the conductive grid of the induction layer at the position is set to be smaller; and the area of the conductive grid of the induction layer at the position where other conductive antifouling coatings are not easy to damage or fall off is set to be larger. Therefore, the accuracy of monitoring the damaged and falling positions of the conductive antifouling coating can be greatly improved, the number of conductive electrodes, conductive wires and voltage sensors is reduced, and the cost of the system is reduced.
The invention also provides a monitoring method of the marine organism attachment prevention and control system, which utilizes the marine organism attachment prevention and control system of the conductive layer for preventing marine organisms in the invention, and the antifouling power supply supplies tiny current to the conductive antifouling coating, so that the conductive antifouling coating has positive voltage. Meanwhile, in the induction layer, in each conductive grid, on the side close to the second insulating layer side, a negative induction voltage corresponding to the electromotive force of the conductive antifouling coating at the position is induced; in each conductive grid, positive voltages having the same magnitude and opposite polarities are generated on the surface close to the first insulating layer side. Each voltage sensor detects the induced voltage generated by each conductive grid through the electrodes and the wires, and whether the conductive antifouling coating is damaged or not and falls off can be known by comparing the induced voltages generated by each conductive grid.
The monitoring method of the marine organism attachment prevention and control system for the ship comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing and storing the corresponding relation between each conductive grid and the position of the ship body where the conductive grid is located in the storage device.
And step two, inputting current to the conductive antifouling coating by the antifouling power supply.
Thirdly, the processing device obtains the magnitude V of the induced voltage generated on each conductive grid1、V2、V3···VnThe maximum 5 and the minimum 5 of the obtained induced voltage data are excluded, and the average value V is obtained for the remaining induced voltage data.
And step four, comparing the mean value V with each induction voltage, judging that the conductive antifouling coating at the position is damaged or falls off when the difference value of the mean value V exceeds a preset threshold value, and inquiring the position of the ship body corresponding to the induction voltage to obtain the specific position of the conductive antifouling coating, wherein the damage or the fall off is caused.
And fifthly, displaying the specific position of the damaged or fallen conductive antifouling coating through a human-computer interface.
Further, the voltage of the anti-fouling power supply in the second step is 1 to 5V.
Further, the threshold in step four is 0.5V, 1V, 1.6V, or 2.5V.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the induction layer is arranged, the induction layer is separated from the external conductive antifouling coating by the second insulating layer, and when voltage is applied to the conductive antifouling coating during working, each conductive grid in the induction layer is influenced by the voltage of the conductive antifouling coating at the corresponding position, so that induction voltage is generated in each conductive grid. When the conductive antifouling coating is not greatly damaged or falls off, the induced voltage generated by each conductive grid is basically the same; when a certain position of the conductive antifouling coating is impacted, impacted and then damaged or falls off, the conductive antifouling coating at the position is damaged, and no voltage is generated at the damaged position, so that the conductive grid at the corresponding position cannot generate corresponding induction voltage, and the induction voltage of the conductive grid is lower. Therefore, the damage condition of the conductive antifouling coating can be known by comparing the magnitude of the induced voltage generated in each conductive grid. The control system and the control method can detect the damage condition of the conductive antifouling coating in real time, have good timeliness, can be used in both parking and navigation, can directly know the precise position of the damage, and have high intelligent degree, high detection precision and good man-machine effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a structural view of a marine organism fouling prevention and control system for a ship according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a voltage sensing architecture of the conductive grid in the sensing layer of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary shape diagram of each conductive mesh in the sensing layer of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a first insulating layer; 2. a sensing electrical layer; 3. a second insulating layer; 4. a conductive antifouling coating; 5. a conductive mesh; 6. an electrode; 7. a power supply for preventing contamination; 8. a monitoring device; 9. a voltage sensor; 10. a wire; 11. and (4) insulating the wire.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The marine organism attachment prevention and control system for the ship comprises a multi-layer coating coated on the outer side of a ship substrate, wherein the multi-layer coating sequentially comprises a first insulating layer 1, an induction electric layer 2, a second insulating layer 3 and a conductive antifouling coating 4 from inside to outside as shown in figure 1.
The first insulating layer 1 and the second insulating layer 3 are made of electric insulating materials, the electric insulating materials have an antirust function, and can be made of antirust paint, and the antirust paint is made of a main film forming substance, a secondary film forming substance and an auxiliary film forming substance, wherein the main film forming substance is polyurethane prepolymer or epoxy resin prepolymer; the secondary film-forming material is selected from iron oxide red, zinc chrome yellow, aluminum powder and mica powder; the auxiliary film-forming material is a solvent composed of toluene, xylene, cyclohexanone and butyl acetate according to a certain proportion. The antirust coating achieves the purpose of rust prevention through physical rust prevention and chemical rust prevention, wherein the physical rust prevention is realized through the good filling effect of particles of a plurality of fillers forming a secondary film forming substance, so that the structure of the coating is very compact, the strength of the coating is increased, and the permeation speed of water, oxygen and ions to the coating is reduced; the chemical rust prevention is to change the performance of the outer surface of the ship body by the passivation and the phosphorization of the rust-proof coating and the metal surface, and achieve the purpose of rust prevention by the characteristics of reaction products.
The inductive layer 2 is a metal coating or a conductive polymer coating, and the metal coating is preferably a metal with good conductivity and low resistivity, such as copper, aluminum, and the like.
The outermost layer is the conductive antifouling coating 4, the conductive antifouling coating 4 comprises a titanium film on the inner side and a conductive material coated on the titanium film, and the conductive material is a conductive polymer, preferably a high-conductivity polymer material, and is obtained by fully and uniformly mixing epichlorohydrin resin, xylene, ethylene oxide oligomer, polyaniline, methanesulfonic acid, nano titanium dioxide and a titanate coupling agent.
The control system also comprises an antifouling power supply 7 and a monitoring system 8, wherein the anode of the antifouling power supply 7 is connected with the conductive antifouling coating 4, and the cathode is connected with the seawater through a protective electrode. The antifouling power supply 7 causes an electrolytic reaction in the contact of the conductive antifouling coating 4 as an anode with seawater by passing a minute electric current into the conductive antifouling coating 4:
Cl-+2OH-→ClO-+H2O+2e
4OH-→O2+2H2O+4e
namely, hypochlorite ions ClO can be generated on the conductive antifouling coating 4 through electrolysis-The hypochlorite ions are the bactericidal component of the bleaching powder, and can effectively kill or prevent bacteria and microorganisms from attaching to the conductive antifouling coating 4, namely prevent the bacteria and the microorganisms from attaching to the ship substrate, effectively prevent the formation of a microbial film and further prevent the formation of a subsequent large fouling organism layer.
Preferably, the voltage of the power supply 7 for preventing contamination is 1 to 5V.
When a ship sails in the sea, the ship body below the waterline is not only eroded by seawater and particles in the seawater, but also impacted and impacted by marine organisms in the seawater, or accidentally collided by the sea bottom and reefs, so that the conductive antifouling coating 4 is damaged and falls off after being acted for a long time or being collided suddenly and violently.
When the conductive antifouling coating 4 is connected with the anode of the antifouling power supply 7, the conductive antifouling coating 4 is positively charged, and the second insulating layer 3 is arranged between the induction electric layer 2 and the conductive antifouling coating 4, so that the induction electric layer 2 generates induction charges, negative voltage is induced on the surface close to the second insulating layer 3, and correspondingly positive voltage is induced on the surface close to the first insulating layer 1; the higher the voltage of the conductive anti-fouling coating 4, the higher the induced voltage generated on the inductive layer 2 correspondingly. When the conductive antifouling coating 4 at one position has voltage, the corresponding induction electric layer 2 at the position also has induction voltage; when the conductive antifouling coating 4 at a certain position has no voltage due to breakage or peeling, the corresponding inductive electrical layer 2 at the position does not generate an induced voltage, or only generates a smaller induced voltage than normal under the influence of the voltage of the nearby conductive antifouling coating 4. Therefore, the damage and peeling of the conductive antifouling coating 4 can be monitored by monitoring the distribution of the magnitude of the induced voltage at each position on the inductive electric layer 2.
Since marine vessels are generally very bulky, in order to accurately monitor the damage of the conductive antifouling coating 4 at a specific location, the inductive layer 4 is arranged in a grid-like structure, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, which includes insulated wires 11 and a conductive grid 5. The shape of the conductive grids 5 is determined by the shape enclosed by the insulated wires 11, the conductive grids 5 are insulated from each other, and corresponding induced voltage is generated through the voltage of the conductive antifouling coating 4 at the position of the conductive grids 5. The size and shape of each conductive mesh 5 may be the same, for example, all of them are regular triangle, square, regular pentagon, regular hexagon, etc.; the size and the shape of each conductive grid 5 can be different, which can be determined according to the probability of damage at each position in the actual operation of the ship, when some parts are easy to damage, the area of the conductive grid 5 at the position can be smaller, so as to improve the monitoring precision; when some parts are not easy to be broken, the conductive grid 5 at the position can be arranged in a larger area, and the monitoring precision is correspondingly lower, and fig. 3 exemplarily shows a division manner of the conductive grid 5.
In order to be able to detect the magnitude of the induced voltage generated in the respective conductive grids 5, an electrode 6 is provided at a position of each conductive grid 5 adjacent to the first insulating layer 1, a wire 10 connected to each electrode 6 is laid in the first insulating layer 1, the respective wires 10 are located in the first insulating layer 1 and the wires 10 are insulated from each other.
The control system is also provided with a monitoring device 8 and voltage sensors 9, wherein each wire 10 is connected with one voltage sensor 9, and the voltage sensors 9 detect and acquire the magnitude of the induced voltage induced in the conductive grid 5 and transmit the voltage data to the monitoring device 8. The monitoring device 8 comprises a storage device in which relevant data is stored and a processing device which is capable of reading and writing data from and to the storage device. Monitoring devices 8 analysis, the size of the induced voltage in each electrically conductive net 5 of comparison, and then judge the damaged condition of each position department in electrically conductive antifouling coating 4, and when judging that certain or some position department electrically conductive antifouling coating 4 appears damaged or when droing, monitoring devices 8 give the instruction of damaged specific position, make the crew can be real-time, accurately learn the damaged information of electrically conductive antifouling coating 4 of specific position department, so that arrange subsequent maintenance plan, prevent that this damaged position department from producing marine organism's adhesion.
The invention also comprises a monitoring method of the marine organism attachment prevention and control system for the ship, which is implemented by the marine organism attachment prevention and control system for the conductive layer.
The breakage monitoring method includes the steps of:
step one, establishing and storing the corresponding relation between each conductive grid 5 and the position of the ship body where the conductive grid is located in the storage device.
And step two, inputting current to the conductive antifouling coating 4 by the antifouling power supply 7.
Thirdly, the processing device obtains the magnitude V of the induced voltage generated on each conductive grid 51、V2、V3···VnFirst, the maximum 5 and the minimum 5 of the obtained induced voltage data are excluded, and then the average value V is obtained for the remaining induced voltage data.
And step four, comparing the mean value V with each induction voltage, judging that the conductive antifouling coating 4 at the position is damaged or falls off when the difference value exceeds a preset threshold value, and inquiring the position of the ship body corresponding to the induction voltage to obtain the specific position of the conductive antifouling coating 4, wherein the specific position of the conductive antifouling coating 4 is damaged or falls off.
And fifthly, displaying the specific position of the damaged or fallen conductive antifouling coating 4 through a human-computer interface.
Further, the voltage of the anti-fouling power supply in the second step is 1 to 5V.
Further, the threshold in step four is 0.5V, 1V, 1.6V, or 2.5V.
Through the control system and the control method, the damage condition of the conductive antifouling coating 4 can be accurately, conveniently and visually acquired in real time, and when the conductive antifouling coating is damaged or falls off, accurate information of the damaged or fallen off position can be timely and accurately acquired, so that information support is provided for further maintenance and repair plans.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A marine organism attachment prevention and control system for a ship comprises a first insulating layer, an induction electric layer, a second insulating layer and a conductive antifouling coating, wherein the first insulating layer, the induction electric layer, the second insulating layer and the conductive antifouling coating are sequentially arranged from a ship base body to the outside, the induction electric layer is of a grid-shaped structure and comprises grid-shaped insulating lines and a plurality of conductive grids divided by the insulating lines, and the conductive grids are mutually insulated; the antifouling coating is characterized by also comprising an antifouling power supply connected with the conductive antifouling coating, wherein the positive electrode of the antifouling power supply is connected with the conductive antifouling coating; the monitoring device is connected with each conductive grid in the sensing electric layer and used for monitoring the condition of induced charges in each grid on the sensing electric layer.
2. The marine biofouling prevention and control system of claim 1, wherein said first insulating layer, said induction layer, said second insulating layer, and said conductive antifouling coating are disposed below a waterline of said marine vessel.
3. The marine biofouling prevention and control system of claim 1, wherein an electrode is disposed in each of the conductive meshes of the induction layer at a position adjacent to the first insulating layer, and the conductive electrode is connected to the monitoring device via a wire laid in the first insulating layer.
4. The marine biofouling prevention and treatment system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of voltage sensors corresponding to the conductive grids, wherein the monitoring device comprises a storage device and a processing device, wherein the plurality of voltage sensors are connected to the wires and the processing device of the monitoring device, and transmit the sensed induced voltage data of each conductive grid to the processing device.
5. The marine biofouling prevention and control system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of said conductive grids is square, each conductive grid has the same area, and the side length of each conductive grid is 30cm to 200 cm.
6. The marine biofouling control system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of said conductive meshes is rectangular, has the same area, and has an area of 1m2-10m2。
7. The marine biofouling prevention and control system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shape and area of each of said conductive mesh is different.
8. A monitoring method of a marine biofouling control system for a ship using the marine biofouling control system according to any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising the steps of:
establishing and storing a corresponding relation between each conductive grid and the position of a ship body where the conductive grid is located in the storage device;
inputting current to the conductive antifouling coating by the antifouling power supply;
thirdly, the processing device obtains the magnitude V of the induced voltage generated on each conductive grid1、V2、V3···VnExcluding the maximum 5 and the minimum 5 of the obtained induced voltage data, and calculating an average value V of the rest induced voltage data;
comparing the mean value V with each induction voltage, judging that the conductive antifouling coating at the position is damaged or falls off when the difference value of the mean value V exceeds a preset threshold value, and inquiring the position of the ship body corresponding to the induction voltage to obtain the specific position of the conductive antifouling coating, wherein the specific position of the conductive antifouling coating is damaged or falls off;
and fifthly, displaying the specific position of the damaged or fallen conductive antifouling coating through a human-computer interface.
9. The monitoring method according to claim 8, wherein the voltage of the power supply for preventing fouling in the second step is 1 to 5V.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the threshold in step four is 0.5V, 1V, 1.6V, or 2.5V.
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