CN110891587A - 用于治疗与肠上皮通透性相关的疾病的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
用于治疗与肠上皮通透性相关的疾病的组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于治疗与肠屏障功能障碍和增加的肠道通透性相关的病症的方法。本发明涉及向有此需要的受试者或患者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物。
Description
优先权
本申请要求美国临时申请第62/457,279号的优先权和权益。
技术领域
本发明提供了用于治疗与肠屏障功能障碍相关的疾病和病症的组合物和方法。
背景技术
肠上皮是形成胃肠(GI)道的小肠和大肠腔表面的细胞层,并且代表外部环境与内环境之间的最大界面(超过400m2)。肠上皮具有两个重要功能:吸收营养物质并提供对抗有害环境物质(诸如细菌、病毒、毒素和食物过敏原)的屏障。
肠上皮的屏障特性由称为紧密连接的特化质膜结构调节。紧密连接处的改变可导致肠屏障功能的破坏和肠道通透性的增加。完整的肠屏障可防止病原体、抗原、内毒素和其它促炎物质渗入体内,而肠道不完整性(intestinal disintegrity)则可使其进入,这可引发局部或全身炎症和疾病。
因此,需要用于治疗、改善疾病和减缓疾病进展的针对肠屏障功能障碍的有效治疗。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于治疗与肠屏障功能障碍和增加的肠道通透性相关的病症的方法。本发明涉及向有此需要的受试者或患者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来(larazotide)或拉瑞唑来衍生物,以修复受损的肠上皮和/或减少可引发或加剧疾病的肠漏。
肠屏障功能障碍和增加的肠道通透性可与各种疾病相关,所述疾病包括肠道病症,诸如小肠结肠炎(例如,坏死性小肠结肠炎)、缺血性结肠炎以及败血症和肝病,包括非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和肝硬化(例如,酒精性肝硬化)。
在各种实施方案中,向患有坏死性小肠结肠炎或缺血性结肠炎或具有发生所述疾病的风险的受试者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物。用拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物治疗后,可获得肠屏障功能的改善以及疾病症状的改善。
在各种实施方案中,本发明提供肝病的治疗。例如,在一些实施方案中,受试者可患有脂肪肝疾病,包括但不限于非酒精性脂肪酸肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)。在一些实施方案中,肠屏障功能的改善限制了进入循环,并且最终可加剧疾病或促进疾病进展的毒素(诸如LPS)的量。
在各种实施方案中,本发明涉及包含拉瑞唑来或其衍生物的药物组合物,包括持续释放或控制释放制剂,所述制剂避免了可用作竞争性抑制剂的非活性片段的积聚。例如,持续释放制剂可在至少约2小时的过程中递送和/或功能性释放约0.5mg至约5mg的拉瑞唑来。在一些实施方案中,如例如可使用模拟肠液测定的,组合物在至少约3小时的过程中释放至少1mg的拉瑞唑来。
在各种实施方案中,本发明提供了药物组合物,其在用于经口递送至GI的各种制剂中包含拉瑞唑来或其衍生物,所述制剂包括片剂、丸剂、丹剂和胶囊,并且包括含有肽包被的颗粒、液体、乳液或凝胶的胶囊。在一些实施方案中,组合物包括含有延迟释放颗粒、凝胶或其它可生物降解的基质的胶囊。
在一些实施方案中,患者可以接受辅助疗法,其在一些实施方案中与拉瑞唑来治疗协同作用。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂是抗细菌剂(诸如抗生素)、抗病毒剂和/或益生菌,其可以与拉瑞唑来治疗以协同方式改善相关的微生态失调。
通过以下详细描述,本方明的其它方面和实施方案将变得显而易见。
附图简述
图1显示与未治疗的缺血性组织相比,单独使用拉瑞唑来治疗的缺血性损伤组织显示出TER恢复的剂量依赖性和显著(P<0.05)增加。
图2是另外的剂量反应研究,其显示与未治疗的缺血性组织相比,单独使用拉瑞唑来治疗的缺血性损伤组织显示出TER恢复的剂量依赖性和显著(P<0.05)增加。
图3和图4显示拉瑞唑来的作用被片段GVLVQPG(SEQ ID NO:2)和VLVQPG(SEQ IDNO:3)阻断。
图5显示拉瑞唑来诱导的屏障功能恢复也与恢复组织中脂多糖通透性的降低相关。
图6显示用拉瑞唑来治疗的组织中紧密连接密封蛋白质闭合蛋白的增加的定位。
图7A显示缺血性和非缺血性组织中孔隙(泄漏)形成紧密连接蛋白密蛋白2。图7B显示用拉瑞唑来治疗的组织中孔隙(泄漏)形成紧密连接蛋白密蛋白2。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了用于治疗与肠屏障功能障碍和增加的肠道通透性相关的病症的方法。本发明涉及向有此需要的受试者或患者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物。
肠屏障功能障碍和增加的肠道通透性可与各种疾病相关,所述疾病包括肠道病症,诸如小肠结肠炎(例如,坏死性小肠结肠炎)、缺血性结肠炎以及败血症和肝病,包括非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和肝硬化(例如,酒精性肝硬化)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的治疗。坏死性小肠结肠炎是主要见于早产儿的医学病况,其特征在于对肠道衬里的从粘膜损伤到全层坏死和穿孔的可变损伤。使用以下文献中的分期系统对坏死性小肠结肠炎的存在和严重度进行分级:Bell等,J.Ped.Surg.,15:569(1980):
在各种实施方案中,向患有1期NEC(疑似NEC)或II期NEC或III期NEC或晚期NEC的受试者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物。在用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物治疗后,可获得肠屏障功能的改善以及疾病症状的改善。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗缺血性肠病(包括相关的休克、败血症、肠中的凝块形成和肠扭结)的组合物和方法。缺血性结肠炎是其中大肠的炎症和损伤是由血液供应不足引起的医学病况。缺血性结肠炎在老年人中发生得更为频繁。血流减少的原因可包括体循环(例如低血压)或局部因素(诸如血管缢缩或血凝块)的变化。在一些实施方案中,受试者患有轻度至中度缺血性结肠炎,或在其它实施方案中,患有严重缺血性结肠炎。
在各种实施方案中,本发明提供了肝病的治疗。例如,在一些实施方案中,受试者患有脂肪肝疾病,包括但不限于非酒精性脂肪酸肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)或由以下引起的脂肪肝疾病:肝炎、肥胖症、糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高甘油三酯血症、无β脂蛋白血症、糖原贮积病、韦-克二氏病(Weber-Christian disease)、沃尔曼病(Wolmansdisease)、妊娠急性脂肪肝和脂肪营养不良。在一些实施方案中,肠屏障功能的改善限制了进入循环,并且最终可加剧疾病或促进疾病进展的毒素(诸如LPS)的量。在一些实施方案中,受试者患有NASH。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了NAFLD患者的治疗。NAFLD代表在无酒精滥用的情况下发生的一系列疾病。其特征在于脂肪变性(肝脏中的脂肪)的存在并且可代表代谢综合征(包括肥胖、糖尿病和高甘油三酯血症)的肝脏表现。NAFLD的严重度的范围为从相对良性的单独的主要为大泡性脂肪变性(即,非酒精性脂肪肝或NAFL)至非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)。NASH的特征在于组织学上存在脂肪变性、细胞学上膨胀、分散的炎症和细胞外周纤维化。由NASH引起的肝纤维化可进展为肝硬化或肝功能衰竭,并且在一些情况下可导致肝细胞癌。在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法减少、改善或消除NAFLD或NASH的一种或多种症状,包括本文所述的任何症状(例如,肝硬化或肝纤维化)。在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法阻止或减缓NAFLD或NASH向肝细胞癌的进展。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供了肝炎患者的治疗。在示例性实施方案中,肝炎可能由病毒、酒精、药物等引起。在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、丁型肝炎或戊型肝炎患者的治疗。在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了酒精性肝炎的治疗。在另外的实施方案中,本发明提供了自身免疫性肝炎的治疗。肝炎的症状包括疲劳、流感样症状、尿色深、大便苍白、腹痛、食欲不振、原因不明的体重减轻和黄疸。慢性肝炎还与肝硬化和肝细胞癌相关。在各种实施方案中,本发明的方法减少、改善或消除肝炎的一种或多种症状,包括本文所述的任何症状。
在一些实施方案中,受试者患有败血症或有患败血症的风险。败血症是当身体对感染的响应引起对其自身组织和器官的伤害时出现的威胁生命的病况。在一些实施方案中,肠屏障功能的改善限制了进入循环,并且最终可加剧疾病的细菌和毒素(诸如LPS)的量。
在各种实施方案中,本发明的方法可用于治疗哺乳动物受试者,包括人受试者。在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法涉及治疗儿科人受试者(包括用于预防或治疗坏死性小肠结肠炎)。在各种实施方案中,儿科人受试者可以是约1周龄至约12岁。在一些实施方案中,儿科受试者是婴儿,诸如早产儿,其可能患有坏死性小肠结肠炎。在一些实施方案中,早产儿在胎龄小于37周时出生。在其它实施方案中,儿科受试者是足月婴儿,例如,晚于约37周孕龄出生的婴儿。在一些实施方案中,儿科受试者可表现出产前窒息、休克、败血症或先天性心脏病中的一种或多种。在各种实施方案中,儿科受试者具有低出生体重。
在其它实施方案中,本发明的方法涉及包括老年人受试者在内的成年人受试者的治疗,包括缺血性肠病(例如,缺血性结肠炎)、败血症或肝病的治疗。
在各种实施方案中,本发明的方法包括用拉瑞唑来或其衍生物治疗受试者。拉瑞唑来是促进胃肠道(GI)的紧密连接完整性的肽剂。拉瑞唑来具有氨基酸序列:Gly Gly ValLeu Val Gln Pro Gly(SEQ ID No:1),并且可被配制用于在GI的受累部分(例如,小肠和/或大肠)中全身性释放或靶向释放。在临床试验中已显示拉瑞唑来有利于减少乳糜泻症状,特别是在较低剂量(例如,0.5mg剂量)时。参见US2016/0022760,其特此通过引用整体并入。较高剂量(例如,1mg和2mg剂量)显示活性减弱或根本没有活性。根据本公开,据信位于腔表面的刷状缘内的氨肽酶可产生拉瑞唑来衍生片段,包括缺失N-末端甘氨酸残基的片段。例如,片段GVLVQPG(SEQ ID NO:2)和VLVQPG(SEQ ID NO:3)作为紧密连接调节剂是无活性的。此外,当这两个片段与全长拉瑞唑来混合时,活性被完全消除。这些无活性的拉瑞唑来片段的局部累积(由于过量的拉瑞唑来所致)实际上可竞争并阻断肽的功能。这可解释如下临床观察结果,即低剂量的拉瑞唑来通过避免竞争性无活性片段的储积(reservoir)而发挥最佳作用。因此,在一些实施方案中,使用控制释放或持续释放制剂来增加拉瑞唑来或衍生物的有效性。
在一些实施方案中,活性剂是例如具有一种或多种氨基酸修饰(诸如氨基酸取代、缺失和/或插入)的拉瑞唑来衍生物。例如,衍生物相对于SEQ ID NO:1可具有1种、2种、3种或4种独立地选自氨基酸缺失、插入和/或取代的氨基酸修饰。示例性拉瑞唑来衍生物描述于US 8,785,374、US 8,957,032和US 9,279,807(它们特此通过引用整体并入)中。在一些实施方案中,衍生物具有一个或多个非遗传编码的氨基酸,或一个或多个(或所有)D-氨基酸。术语“拉瑞唑来”或“拉瑞唑来治疗”是指利用促进紧密连接完整性的拉唑肽或衍生物的治疗。
拉瑞唑来或衍生物可以以任何合适的形式(包括作为盐)施用。例如,拉瑞唑来或衍生物可以作为乙酸盐施用。拉瑞唑来的盐,包括乙酸盐和盐酸盐,描述于US 2013/0281384(其特此通过引用整体并入)中。可以使用替代盐,包括肽的任何药学上可接受的盐,诸如Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,66,2-19(1977)和The Handbook ofPharmaceutical Salts;Properties,Selection,and Use.P.H.Stahl和C.G.Wermuth(编辑),Verlag,Zurich(Switzerland)2002(所述文献据此通过引用整体并入)中列出的那些肽盐。
在各种实施方案中,将拉瑞唑来以持续释放或控制释放制剂施用。持续释放或控制释放制剂避免了可作为竞争性抑制剂的无活性片段的积累。例如,制剂可以递送和/或功能性释放0.5mg至约5mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物,或约0.5mg至约4mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物,或约0.5mg至约3mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物,或约0.5mg至约2mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物,或约0.5mg至约1mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。在各种实施方案中,持续释放或控制释放制剂含有至少1mg或至少2mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。例如,制剂可含有约1mg至约5mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物,或约1mg至约3mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
持续释放制剂或控制释放制剂可以在至少约2小时的过程中,或在至少约2.5小时的过程中,或在至少约3小时的过程中,或在至少约4小时的过程中,或在至少约5小时的过程中功能性释放肽。术语“功能性释放”是指使得肽可与肠上皮的细胞相互作用以促进紧密连接组装的拉瑞唑来或衍生物的释放。在各种实施方案中,将拉瑞唑来配制为多个颗粒,所述颗粒在肠液中或在肠中的不同位置处在不同时间释放拉瑞唑来。在其它实施方案中,制剂以在一个或多个位置处提供局部持续释放的形式释放拉唑核苷,所述局部持续释放包括从颗粒、凝胶、乳液或可生物降解的基质中持续释放。在一些实施方案中,持续释放或控制释放组合物(例如,包含含肽颗粒、凝胶、乳液或可生物降解的基质)在暴露于模拟肠液后约5分钟至约30分钟内开始释放肽,并且在暴露于模拟肠液后至少约180分钟,或至少约210分钟,或至少约240分钟,或至少约280分钟内持续释放肽。可以例如使用具有不同肠溶聚合物包衣和/或不同厚度的聚合物包衣的颗粒来制备释放曲线图。本文描述了示例性颗粒。
在一个实施方案中,在胃液中,包含肽的组合物仍然是基本上完整的,或者可以是基本上不溶的。耐胃包衣的稳定性可以是pH依赖性的。pH依赖性的延迟释放包衣将在酸性环境(约5或更小的pH)中基本上稳定,并且在近中性至碱性环境(大于约5的pH)中基本上不稳定。例如,可使用延迟释放包衣,其在诸如在小肠中发现的近中性至碱性环境中将基本上崩解或溶解。模拟胃液和模拟肠液的实例包括但不限于2005Pharmacopeia 23NF/28USP inTest Solutions中公开的那些模拟胃液和模拟肠液和/或本领域技术人员已知的其它模拟胃液和模拟肠液,例如未使用酶制备的模拟胃液和/或模拟肠液。
或者,延迟释放包衣的稳定性可以是酶依赖性的。酶依赖性的延迟释放包衣在不包含特定酶的流体中将是基本上稳定的,并且在包含酶的流体中基本上是不稳定的。延迟释放包衣在含有适当的酶的流体中将基本上崩解或溶解。酶依赖性控制可以例如通过使用仅在暴露于肠中的酶时释放活性成分的材料(诸如半乳甘露聚糖)来实现。
可使用各种方法配制拉瑞唑来或衍生物和/或将其递送至目标位置。在一些实施方案中,将拉瑞唑来或衍生物配制用于全身性递送。在其它实施方案中,将拉瑞唑来配制用于靶向递送。例如,可将本文所述的组合物配制用于靶向递送至胃肠道,包括胃、小肠、大肠和直肠,包括其所有子部分。通过在一个或多个受累区域(例如十二指肠、空肠和回肠、横结肠、结降肠、升结肠、乙状结肠和盲肠)中靶向释放拉瑞唑来或衍生物,可以改善GI的各个部分处的紧密连接完整性。
在一些实施方案中,将组合物配制成在小肠(包括十二指肠、空肠和/或回肠中的一种或多种)中释放。可选地或者另外地,将组合物配制成在大肠(包括盲肠、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠和/或乙状结肠中的一种或多种)中释放。例如,在与缺血性结肠炎的治疗相关的实施方案中,可将拉瑞唑来或衍生物配制成包括向大肠递送。
在各种实施方案中,可将组合物配制成具有持续释放特征谱,即在一段延长的时间内在身体(例如,GI道)中缓慢释放拉瑞唑来。在各种实施方案中,可将组合物配制成具有延迟释放特征谱,即在摄取时不立即释放拉瑞唑来;相反地,释放延缓至组合物处于胃肠道中较下部位;例如在小肠(例如,十二指肠、空肠、回肠中的一种或多种)和/或大肠(例如,结肠的盲肠、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠或乙状结肠部分以及直肠中的一种或多种)中释放。在一个实施方案中,将药物组合物配制成具有如在例如美国专利第8,168,594号(其全部内容特此通过引用并入)中描述的延迟释放特征谱。
例如,可将拉瑞唑来或衍生物作为口服剂量的延迟释放组合物向患者的十二指肠、空肠和回肠施用,所述延迟释放组合物包含在胃液中稳定且在肠液中不稳定的拉瑞唑来(或衍生物)包被的珠粒,以便在十二指肠中基本上释放所述肽。该组合物还可包含第二珠粒群,所述珠粒具有pH依赖性包衣以影响肽在患者空肠中的释放。例如,第二珠粒群可在珠粒于十二指肠中释放肽后约30分钟释放拉瑞唑来或衍生物。该组合物还可包含第三珠粒群,所述珠粒具有pH依赖性包衣以影响肽在患者回肠中的释放。例如,第二珠粒群可在珠粒于空肠中释放肽后至少约30分钟释放拉瑞唑来或衍生物。口服剂量组合物可呈胶囊或片剂形式。在一些实施方案中,pH依赖性包衣是甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸乙酯的1:1共聚物,其中层的厚度决定每个珠粒的释放特征谱。珠粒可具有一种或多种额外的包衣,诸如底包衣(basecoat)、分离层和外包衣层。
在一种示例性口服剂量组合物中,在能够在患者十二指肠中释放拉瑞唑来或衍生物的第一延迟释放颗粒和能够在患者空肠中释放吡拉瑞唑来或衍生物的第二延迟释放颗粒,以及任选地能够在患者回肠中释放拉瑞唑来或衍生物的第三延迟释放颗粒中提供有效量的拉瑞唑来(例如,作为乙酸盐)。每个颗粒可以具有核心颗粒、在核心颗粒上包含拉瑞唑来或衍生物的包衣以及在包含拉瑞唑来或衍生物的包衣外的延迟释放包衣(例如,丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的1:1共聚物)。而第一延迟释放颗粒在截至暴露于pH大于5的模拟肠液中约60分钟时,释放第一延迟释放颗粒中至少70%的拉瑞唑来或衍生物;第二延迟释放颗粒在截至暴露于pH大于5的模拟肠液约30分钟和约90分钟时释放至少70%的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。第三延迟释放颗粒在截至暴露于模拟肠液约120分钟至约240分钟(例如,约120分钟至约180分钟)时释放至少70%的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
在其中涉及对结肠的损伤的一些实施方案中,可将拉瑞唑来或衍生物作为口服剂量的改良释放组合物施用于患者的结肠。可利用各种结肠特异性递送方法。例如,可使用如例如Li等,AAPS PharmSciTech(2002),3(4):1-9(其全部内容通过引用并入本文)中所述的结肠特异性药物递送系统(CODES)配制改良释放制剂。此类系统中的药物释放由与pH敏感性聚合物包衣偶联的结肠微生物群落引发。例如,制剂可被设计为具有三层聚合物的核心片剂。第一包衣是酸溶性聚合物(例如,EUDRAGIT E),外包衣是肠溶性的,并且其间间插有羟丙基甲基纤维素屏障层。在另一个实施方案中,结肠递送可通过使用在结肠中降解的特定聚合物(诸如例如果胶)配制拉瑞唑来或衍生物来实现。还可用阳离子诸如锌阳离子进一步胶化果胶或将果胶与所述阳离子进一步交联。另外的结肠特异性制剂包括但不限于压力控制的药物递送系统(使用例如乙基纤维素制备的)和渗透压控制的药物递送系统(即,ORDS-CT)。
在各种实施方案中,本发明的组合物可使用一种或多种改良释放包衣(诸如延迟释放包衣)以提供至GI道的拉瑞唑来或衍生物的有效、延迟但充分的递送。例如,可将组合物包覆肠溶衣,以使拉瑞唑来或衍生物延迟至其到达小肠或大肠时才释放。
在一个实施方案中,在胃液中,组合物仍然基本上保持完整,或者可以是基本上不溶的。在一些实施方案中,延迟释放包衣的稳定性可以是pH依赖性的。pH依赖性的延迟释放包衣在酸性环境(约5或更小的pH)中将是基本上稳定的,并且在近中性至碱性环境(大于约5的pH)中基本上是不稳定的。例如,延迟释放包衣可在诸如于小肠(例如十二指肠、空肠和回肠中的一种或多种)和/或大肠(例如盲肠、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠和乙状结肠中的一种或多种)中发现的近中性至碱性环境中基本上崩解或溶解。
在一些实施方案中,延迟释放包衣(包括持续释放制剂和控制释放制剂)包括在酸性环境中基本上稳定并且在近中性至碱性环境中基本上不稳定的肠溶剂。在一个实施方案中,延迟释放包衣包含在胃液中基本上稳定的肠溶剂。肠溶剂可选自例如甲基丙烯酸共聚物、乙酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、羧甲基乙基纤维素以及-型聚合物(聚(甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、乙酸纤维素偏苯三酸酯、虫胶或其它适合的肠溶包衣聚合物的溶液或分散体。-型聚合物包括例如FS 30D、L 30D-55、L 100-55、L 100、L 12,5、L 12,5P、RL 30D、RL PO、RL 100、RL 12,5、RS 30D、RS PO、RS100、RS 12,5、NE 30D、NE 40D、NM 30D、S 100、S 12,5和S12,5P。在一些实施方案中,使用FS 30D、L 30D-55、L 100-55、L 100、L12,5、L 12,5P RL 30D、RL PO、RL100、RL 12,5、RS 30D、RS PO、RS 100、RS 12,5、NE 30D、NE 40D、NM 30D、S 100、S 12,5和S12,5P中的一种或多种。肠溶剂可以是上述溶液或分散体的组合。
在另一个实施方案中,延迟释放包衣,当在水溶液中时,可随时间变化而降解而与pH和/或酶在溶液中的存在无关。此种包衣可包含不溶于水的聚合物。其在水溶液中的溶解度因此不依赖于pH。如本文中所用,术语“不依赖于pH的”意指聚合物的透水性及其释放药物成分的能力不随pH变化和/或仅极轻微地依赖于pH。此类包衣可用于制备例如持续释放制剂。合适的不溶于水的聚合物包括不依赖于溶液的pH、基本上不溶于水性介质例如水的药学上可接受的无毒性聚合物。合适的聚合物包括但不限于纤维素醚、纤维素酯或纤维素醚-酯,即,其中纤维素主链上的一些羟基被烷基取代并且一些羟基被烷酰基修饰的纤维素衍生物。实例包括乙基纤维素、乙酰基纤维素、硝酸纤维素等。不溶性聚合物的其它实例包括但不限于漆以及丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物、具有低季铵含量的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物或共聚物或其混合物等。不溶性聚合物的其它实例包括EUDRAGITEUDRAGITEUDRAGIT 聚乙烯基酯、聚乙烯缩醛、聚丙烯酸酯、丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物等。
在一些实施方案中,药物组合物的稳定性可以是依赖于酶的。酶依赖性的延迟释放包衣在不包含特定酶的流体中将是基本上稳定的,并且在包含酶的流体中基本上是不稳定的。延迟释放包衣在含有适当的酶的流体中将基本上崩解或溶解。酶依赖性控制可以例如通过使用仅在暴露于肠中的酶时释放活性成分的材料来实现。在某些实施方案中,组合物的稳定性可取决于存在于肠道菌群中的微生物酶的存在。因此,在各种实施方案中,延迟释放包衣被存在于肠道菌群中的微生物酶降解。在一个实施方案中,延迟释放包衣被存在于小肠中的细菌降解。在另一个实施方案中,延迟释放包衣被存在于大肠中的细菌降解。
本发明还提供了沿胃肠道释放多剂量的拉瑞唑来或衍生物的组合物。例如,组合物和/或制剂可在不同时间和/或不同pH下在沿肠的不同位置处释放多剂量的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。可使用例如多种颗粒类型或多个层来调整这种制剂的总体释放特征谱。例如,在一个实施方案中,可配制第一剂量的拉瑞唑来或衍生物以用于在例如小肠(例如,十二指肠、空肠、回肠中的一种或多种)中释放,而配制第二剂量以用于在例如大肠(例如,结肠的盲肠、升结肠、横向结肠、降结肠或乙状结肠部分以及直肠中的一种或多种)中延迟释放。在各种实施方案中,组合物和/或制剂可在不同时间和/或不同pH下在沿肠的不同位置处释放至少3个剂量、至少4个剂量或至少5个剂量的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
可将拉瑞唑来或衍生物以单位剂型(例如,片剂、胶囊或溶液)施用。例如,可以以约0.1mg至约5mg,或以约0.1mg至约2mg,或以约0.25mg至约1mg,或以约0.5mg至约1mg,或以约0.25mg至约0.75mg施用拉瑞唑来或其衍生物(或其盐)。在各种实施方案中,单位剂量包含至少1mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物,或包含至少1.5mg或至少2mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
根据本发明的某些实施方案,每日不止一次地施用拉瑞唑来或衍生物以促进GI紧密连接完整性。例如,可以约每日2次、约每日3次、约每日4次或约每日5次施用拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
在各种实施方案中,长期施用拉瑞唑来或衍生物的方案。例如,可将拉瑞唑来或衍生物的方案施用至少约1周、至少约2周、至少约3周、至少约4周、至少约8周、至少约10周或至少约12周。在一些实施方案中,将拉瑞唑来或衍生物的方案施用至少约1个月、至少约2个月、至少约4个月和至少约8个月。例如,将拉瑞唑来或衍生物的方案施用至少约6个月。
在一些实施方案中,患者可以接受辅助疗法,该辅助疗法在一些实施方案中与拉瑞唑来治疗协同作用,包括改善微生态失调和/或小肠细菌过度生长。在一些实施方案中,相继施用抗生素疗法和益生菌疗法以管控微生态失调。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂是抗菌剂诸如抗生素。适合用于本发明的抗生素包括但不限于头孢菌素(cephalosporin)抗生素(头孢氨苄(cephalexin)、头孢呋辛(cefuroxime)、头孢羟氨苄(cefadroxil)、头孢唑林(cefazolin)、头孢噻吩(cephalothin)、头孢克洛(cefaclor)、头孢孟多(cefamandole)、头孢西丁(cefoxitin)、头孢丙烯(cefprozil)和头孢比普(ceftobiprole));氟喹诺酮(fluoroquinolone)抗生素(西普罗(cipro)、乐瓦坤(Levaquin)、氟拉星(floxin)、天坤(tequin)、拜复乐(avelox)和诺氟洛(norflox));四环素(tetracycline)抗生素(四环素、米诺环素(minocycline)、土霉素(oxytetracycline)和多西环素(doxycycline));青霉素(penicillin)抗生素(阿莫西林(amoxicillin)、氨苄西林(ampicillin)、青霉素V、双氯西林(dicloxacillin)、羧苄西林(carbenicillin)、万古霉素(vancomycin)和甲氧西林(methicillin));单酰胺菌素(monobactam)抗生素(氨曲南(aztreonam));以及碳青霉烯(carbapenem)抗生素(厄他培南(ertapenem)、多尼培南(doripenem)、亚胺培南/西司他丁(imipenem/cilastatin)和美罗培南(meropenem))。
在一些实施方案中,受试者接受抗病毒剂,包括用于患有病毒性肝炎的患者的抗病毒剂。示例性抗病毒剂包括但不限于阿巴卡韦(Abacavir)、阿昔洛韦(Acyclovir)、阿扎那韦(Adefovir)、阿德福韦(Amprenavir)、氨普那韦(Atazanavir)、西多福韦(Cidofovir)、达芦那韦(Darunavir)、地拉韦啶(Delavirdine)、去羟肌苷(Didanosine)、二十二醇、依法韦仑(Efavirenz)、埃替格韦(Elvitegravir)、恩曲他滨(Emtricitabine)、恩夫韦地(Enfuvirtide)、依曲韦林(Etravirine)、泛昔洛韦(Famciclovir)和膦甲酸(Foscarnet)。
在一些实施方案中,受试者任选地在抗生素疗法之后接受益生菌。适合用于本发明的益生菌包括但不限于布拉酵母(Saccharomyces boulardii);鼠李糖乳杆菌GG(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG);植物乳杆菌299v(Lactobacillus plantarum 299v);丁酸梭菌M588(Clostridium butyricum M588);艰难梭菌VP20621(Clostridium difficileVP20621)(非产毒素艰难梭菌菌株);干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)的组合(Bio-K+CL1285);干酪乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)的组合(Actimel);嗜酸乳杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum)的组合(Florajen3);嗜酸乳杆菌、德布律克氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus bulgaricus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricus)、保加利亚干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus casei)、保加利亚植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus plantarum)、长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriumlongum)、婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium infantis)、短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriumbreve)和唾液链球菌嗜热亚种(Streptococcus salivarius subsp.thermophilus)的组合(VSL#3)。
实施例
肠上皮紧密连接完整性对于维持完整的肠屏障以防止有害腔内容物是至关重要的。拉瑞唑来有助于上皮间紧密连接的组装。由局部缺血/再灌注损伤损害的猪粘膜在上皮细胞间紧密连接重新组装之前是异常可渗透的。
我们评估了拉瑞唑来是否会增强缺血性损伤的猪空肠中屏障功能的恢复。将6至8周龄的Yorkshire杂交猪麻醉,然后进行中线剖腹手术,并通过结扎肠腔,在回肠近端开始产生一系列10cm肠环。将局部肠系膜血管系统连接以选择治疗环45分钟,而其它环保留为非缺血对照。随后切除环,并将粘膜组织在含氧(95%O2/5%CO2)林格氏液(Ringers)中从肌肉层剥离准备在Ussing室中进行离体孵育。通过测量跨上皮电阻(TER)240分钟来监测组织。在240分钟的恢复期结束时,取组织用于紧密连接蛋白的组织学和免疫荧光评估。
与未治疗的缺血性组织相比,单独使用拉瑞唑来治疗的缺血性损伤组织显示出TER恢复的剂量依赖性且显著(P<0.05)的增加,其中最佳剂量为1微摩尔的拉瑞唑来(图1和图2)。
拉瑞唑来在1μM下始终刺激修复,但在0.1μM或10μM下不刺激修复。该作用可归因于作为竞争性抑制剂起作用的拉瑞唑来片段的产生。例如,拉瑞唑来的作用被片段GVLVQPG(SEQ ID No:2)和VLVQPG(SEQ ID NO:3)阻断(图3和图4)。推测这些片段是在氨基肽酶存在的情况下首先出现在肠腔中的片段。
拉瑞唑来诱导的屏障功能恢复还与恢复组织中脂多糖渗透性的降低相关(图5),这可能有益于患有与LPS诱导的病况诸如NASH和败血症相关的疾病的患者。基于紧密连接密封蛋白闭合蛋白的定位增加(图6)和孔隙(泄漏)形成紧密连接蛋白密蛋白2的减少(图7A、图7B),拉瑞唑来对渗漏肠粘膜的机制似乎与对紧密连接的特定作用相关。
等效方案
虽然本发明已经结合其具体实施方案进行了描述,但应理解能够进一步地修改,并且本申请旨在涵盖本发明的任何变化、用途或改变,所述变化、用途或改变一般遵循本发明的原理并且包括自本公开的偏离,所述偏离在本发明所属领域内的已知或常规实践内,并可以应用于前文所述的和以下所附权利要的范围内的基本特征。
本领域技术人员仅使用常规实验就将认识到、或能够确定本文中明确描述的特定实施方案的许多等效方案。此类等效方案旨在涵盖在以下权利要求的范围中。
通过引用并入
本文所引用的所有专利和出版物均特此通过引用整体并入。
Claims (22)
1.一种用于治疗患有坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)或有患坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)风险的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物。
2.一种用于治疗患有缺血性肠病的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物。
3.一种用于治疗患有败血症或有患败血症风险的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物。
4.一种治疗患有选自非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和肝硬化(例如,酒精性肝硬化)的肝病或有患所述肝病风险的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或拉瑞唑来衍生物。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述NEC是I期、II期NEC、III期NEC或晚期NEC。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述受试者患有缺血性结肠炎或肠扭结。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述缺血性结肠炎是轻度至中度的。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述缺血性结肠炎是严重的。
9.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述受试者患有由以下引起的脂肪肝疾病:肝炎、肥胖症、糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高甘油三酯血症、无β脂蛋白血症、糖原贮积病、韦-克二氏病、沃尔曼病、妊娠急性脂肪肝和脂肪营养不良。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,所述方法包括施用有效量的拉瑞唑来或其盐。
11.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,所述方法包括施用有效量的拉瑞唑来衍生物或其盐。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的方法,其中以持续释放制剂或控制释放制剂施用所述拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述持续释放制剂或控制释放制剂在至少约2小时的过程中释放0.5mg至约5mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述持续释放制剂或控制释放制剂含有至少1mg的拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述持续释放制剂或控制释放制剂在暴露于模拟肠液后至少210分钟内释放拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的方法,其中向小肠施用包含拉瑞唑来或衍生物的组合物。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中在十二指肠、空肠和回肠中的一种或多种中释放所述拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的方法,其中在横结肠、降结肠、升结肠、乙状结肠和盲肠中的一种或多种中释放所述拉瑞唑来或衍生物。
19.如权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法,其中每日不止一次施用包含拉瑞唑来或衍生物的所述组合物。
20.如权利要求1至19中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括施用抗生素疗法。
21.如权利要求1至19中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括施用抗病毒疗法。
22.如权利要求1至19中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括施用益生菌。
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CN115916235A (zh) * | 2020-04-15 | 2023-04-04 | 九米特生物制药有限公司 | 包含d-氨基酸的拉瑞唑来衍生物 |
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EP3579862A1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
US20210299481A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
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MX2019009586A (es) | 2019-11-11 |
AU2018219367A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
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ZA201905439B (en) | 2021-02-24 |
US11058902B2 (en) | 2021-07-13 |
JP2020507626A (ja) | 2020-03-12 |
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KR20190121785A (ko) | 2019-10-28 |
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US20190358288A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
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