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CN110885250A - 一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料 - Google Patents

一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料 Download PDF

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CN110885250A
CN110885250A CN201911144764.7A CN201911144764A CN110885250A CN 110885250 A CN110885250 A CN 110885250A CN 201911144764 A CN201911144764 A CN 201911144764A CN 110885250 A CN110885250 A CN 110885250A
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boron nitride
powder
cubic boron
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朱玉梅
李志宏
纪焕丽
孙坤
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，原料组成及质量百分比为70～90wt％的立方氮化硼粉体、2～10wt％的六方氮化硼粉体、8～28wt％的添加剂粉体。立方氮化硼由0.1～20μm中的至少2～3种不同粒度级配构成；六方氮化硼的粒度小于1μm；添加剂的粒度小于0.5μm；添加剂的原料组成为：①Al、Nb、Ti、Zr、Ni、Si金属单质的至少两种；②Al、Nb、Ti、Zr、Ni、Si金属单质的硼化物、氮化物或碳化物粉体中的至少两种；③氧化锂、氮化锂、氧化镁、氧化硼粉体中的至少两种；均按任何比例混合；①、②、③类原料按照2～10︰2～8︰4～10的质量份数复合。本发明抗弯强度为750～900MPa，硬度为42～70GPa，断裂韧性为7～10MPam1/2，在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削1250～3000米。

Description

一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料
技术领域
本发明属于一种以成分为特征的陶瓷组合物，具体涉及一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料。
背景技术
近年来，随着CNC(计算机数字化控制)加工技术的迅猛发展，新材料及难加工材料不断涌现，并伴随着市场激烈竞争，于是对加工效率和加工精度的要求越来越高，甚至以切带磨。因此，对刀具材料的加工能力、加工效率、加工精度和使用寿命要求越来越高，以至于传统的金属或合金刀具难以满足现在市场的需要。而超硬材料尤其是立方氮化硼(PcBN)材料，具有硬度高，导热率高，耐腐蚀，热稳定性好，以及高温下不与金属发生反应等特点，因此可以实现各种软硬金属的高速高效切削，甚至干式切削及以车代磨等加工，是未来刀具的重要发展方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的，在于适应CNC加工技术的发展需要，提供一种低成本的聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，原料组成及质量百分比含量为：70～ 90wt％立方氮化硼粉体、2～10wt％六方氮化硼粉体、8～28wt％添加剂粉体；
所述立方氮化硼粉体由0.1μm～20μm中的至少2～3种不同粒度级配构成；
所述六方氮化硼的粒度小于1μm；
所述添加剂粉体的粒度小于0.5μm；
添加剂粉体的原料组成为：
①Al、Nb、Ti、Zr、Ni、Si金属单质的至少两种按任何比例混合；
②Al、Nb、Ti、Zr、Ni、Si金属单质的硼化物、氮化物或碳化物粉体中的至少两种按任何比例混合；
③氧化锂、氮化锂、氧化镁、氧化硼粉体中的至少两种的按任何比例混合；
上述①、②、③类原料按照2～10︰2～8︰4～10的质量比复合；
上述聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料制备方法，具有以下步骤：
(1)按照添加剂粉体的粒度小于0.5μm，为Al、Nb、Ti、Zr、Ni、Si金属单质的至少两种及其硼化物、氮化物或碳化物粉体中的至少两种以及氧化锂、氮化锂、氧化镁、氧化硼粉体中的至少两种的复合的要求，先配制添加剂粉体，置于球磨罐中，加入氧化锆球后充分干混均匀；
(2)将步骤(1)干混均匀的添加剂粉体，按照原料组成及质量百分比含量为70～90wt％立方氮化硼粉体、2～10wt％六方氮化硼粉体、8～28wt％添加剂粉体的比例配料，置于球磨罐中，加入锆球和乙醇湿混均匀；
(3)将步骤(2)湿混均匀混合原料置于低温干燥箱中，于60℃～80℃烘干；
(4)将步骤(3)烘干后的原料置于真空炉中，于300～400℃真空干燥处理8～14小时，
真空度为10-2～10-4MPa；
(5)将步骤(4)真空干燥处理后的混合原料，于氢气气氛炉中1000～1200℃处理2～ 5小时；
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的原料投入石墨模具并外套叶蜡石，用六面顶压机在高温高压下压制成型并烧结，制得聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料；
六面顶压机的压力为4～10GPa，烧结温度为1400～1700℃。
所述步骤(1)的球磨是在威力球磨机上，采用尼龙球磨罐，球磨机转数为350～450转/分钟。
所述步骤(1)的氧化锆球与原料的质量比为2.5：1。
所述步骤(6)的烧结温度为1550℃。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明既降低了聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的成本又实现了聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的高性能。立方氮化硼粉体每克拉价格不低于一元人民币，每公斤立方氮化硼粉体至少要 5000元人民币。而六方氮化硼的价格每公斤不高于200元人民币，因此六方氮化硼的价格最多是立方氮化硼的4％，因此每减少1％的立方氮化硼的量，其氮化硼的原料成本至少就节约了96％。本发明通过六方氮化硼部分取代立方氮化硼，并通过合适的添加剂及配比实现了制备过程中六方氮化硼向立方氮化硼的转化，同时实现了聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的高性能。材料抗弯强度为750～900MPa，硬度为42～70GPa，断裂韧性为7～10MPam1/2，在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削1250～3000米。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的解释说明，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1
(1)制备添加剂
将Al粉：Nb粉按1:1质量比称取5克，AlN粉：SiC粉按1：2质量比称取8克，氧化锂：氧化硼按1：1质量比称取7克，放入尼龙罐，氧化锆球按2.5倍原料量放入，在威力球磨机干混5小时；
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂20克(粒度为0.2～0.5μm)，加入到已称量好 75克的立方氮化硼(立方氮化硼级配：粒度比0.5μm:2μm:10μm＝20:30:50)及5克六方氮化硼中(平均粒度为0.8μm)，并在威力球磨机上加入氧化锆球和乙醇湿混6小时。
(3)将步骤(2)湿混均匀的混合原料置于低温干燥箱中，于60℃烘干；
(4)将步骤(3)烘干后的原料置于真空炉中于300℃、真空度10-2MPa下真空干燥处理14小时；
(5)将步骤(4)真空干燥处理后的混合原料，于氢气气氛炉中1000℃处理5小时；
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的原料投入石墨模具外套叶蜡石，然后放入六面顶压机，在4GPa压力、1500℃温度下，高温高压压制成型并实现六方氮化硼向立方氮化硼的转变，同时实现复合材料聚晶立方氮化硼的烧结。每20克压制一聚晶立方氮化硼，压制5次；
(7)将步骤(6)的制品经X射线衍射分析，六方氮化硼已全部转化为立方氮化硼；该聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料抗弯强度：800MPa；硬度：50GPa；断裂韧性：10MPam1/2；在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削镍合金1250米。
实施例2
(1)制备添加剂
将Ti粉:Ni粉按1:2质量比称取5克，硼化钛粉:氧化铌粉按2:1质量比称取3克，氮化锂：氧化硼按1：1质量比称取8克，放入尼龙罐，氧化锆球按2.5倍料量放入，在威力球磨机干混5小时；
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂16克(粒度为0.2～0.5μm)，加入到已称量好 74克的立方氮化硼(立方氮化硼级配：粒度比0.1μm:0.5μm:8μm＝40:30:30)及10克六方氮化硼中(平均粒度为0.8μm)，并在威力球磨机上加入氧化锆球和乙醇湿混6小时。
(3)将步骤(2)湿混均匀的混合原料置于低温干燥箱中，于60℃烘干；
(4)将步骤(3)烘干后的原料置于真空炉中于400℃、真空度10-3MPa下真空干燥处理10小时；
(5)将步骤(4)真空干燥处理后的混合原料，于氢气气氛炉中1200℃处理2小时；
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的原料投入石墨模具外套叶蜡石，然后放入六面顶压机，在10GPa压力、1700℃温度下、高温高压压制成型并实现六方氮化硼向立方氮化硼的转变，同时实现复合材料聚晶立方氮化硼的烧结。每20克压制一聚晶立方氮化硼，压制5次；
(7)将步骤(6)的制品经X射线衍射分析，六方氮化硼已全部转化为立方氮化硼；该聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料抗弯强度：800MPa；硬度：53GPa；断裂韧性：7.8MPam1/2；在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削45#钢1300米。
实施例3
(1)制备添加剂
将Si粉：Nb粉按1:3质量比称取2克，TiC粉:氧化硅粉按1:1质量比称取2克，氧化镁：氧化硼按2：1质量比称取4克，放入尼龙罐，氧化锆球按2.5倍料量放入，在威力球磨机干混5小时；
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂8克(粒度为0.2～0.5μm)，加入到已称量好 90克的立方氮化硼(立方氮化硼级配：粒度比0.1μm:5μm＝25:75)及2克六方氮化硼中(平均粒度为0.8μm)，并在威力球磨机上加入氧化锆球和乙醇湿混8小时。
(3)将步骤(2)湿混均匀的混合原料置于低温干燥箱中，于60℃烘干；
(4)将步骤(3)烘干后的原料置于真空炉中于400℃、真空度10-4MPa下真空干燥处理8小时；
(5)将步骤(4)真空干燥处理后的混合原料，于氢气气氛炉中1100℃处理3小时；
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的原料投入石墨模具外套叶蜡石然后放入六面顶压机，在6GPa 压力，1650℃温度下，高温高压压制成型并实现六方氮化硼向立方氮化硼的转变，同时实现复合材料聚晶立方氮化硼的烧结。每20克压制一聚晶立方氮化硼，压制5次；
(7)将步骤(6)的制品经X射线衍射分析，六方氮化硼已全部转化为立方氮化硼；该聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料抗弯强度：900MPa；硬度：70GPa；断裂韧性：7.5MPam1/2；在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削铸铁3000米。
实施例4
(1)制备添加剂
将Zr粉:Ni粉按1:2质量比称取10克，硼化锆粉:氧化钛粉按2：1质量比称取8克，氮化锂：氧化镁按1：2质量比称取10克，放入尼龙罐，氧化锆球按2.5倍料量放入，在威力球磨机干混5小时；
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂28克(粒度为0.2～0.5μm)，加入到已称量好 70克的立方氮化硼(立方氮化硼级配：粒度比0.5μm:8μm:10μm＝20:40:40)及2克六方氮化硼中(平均粒度为0.8μm)，并在威力球磨机上加入氧化锆球和乙醇湿混6小时。
(3)将步骤(2)湿混均匀的混合原料置于低温干燥箱中，于80℃烘干；
(4)将步骤(3)烘干后的原料置于真空炉中于350℃、真空度10-3MPa下真空干燥处理12小时；
(5)将步骤(4)真空干燥处理后的混合原料，于氢气气氛炉中1100℃处理3小时；
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的原料投入石墨模具外套叶蜡石然后放入六面顶压机，在4GPa 压力，1550℃温度下，高温高压压制成型并实现六方氮化硼向立方氮化硼的转变，同时实现复合材料聚晶立方氮化硼的烧结。每20克压制一聚晶立方氮化硼，压制5次；
(7)将步骤(6)的制品经X射线衍射分析，六方氮化硼已全部转化为立方氮化硼；该聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料抗弯强度：750MPa；硬度：42GPa；断裂韧性：9.2MPam1/2； 在150m/min的切削速度下可。

Claims (4)

1.一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，原料组成及质量百分比含量为：70～90wt％立方氮化硼粉体、2～10wt％六方氮化硼粉体、8～28wt％添加剂粉体；
所述立方氮化硼粉体由0.1μm～20μm中的至少2～3种不同粒度级配构成；
所述六方氮化硼的粒度小于1μm；
所述添加剂粉体的粒度小于0.5μm；
添加剂粉体的原料组成为：
①Al、Nb、Ti、Zr、Ni、Si金属单质的至少两种按任何比例混合；
②Al、Nb、Ti、Zr、Ni、Si金属单质的硼化物、氮化物或碳化物粉体中的至少两种按任何比例混合；
③氧化锂、氮化锂、氧化镁、氧化硼粉体中的至少两种的按任何比例混合；
上述①、②、③类原料按照2～10︰2～8︰4～10的质量比复合。
上述聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料制备方法，具有以下步骤：
(1)按照添加剂粉体的粒度小于0.5μm，为Al、Nb、Ti、Zr、Ni、Si金属单质的至少两种及其硼化物、氮化物或碳化物粉体中的至少两种以及氧化锂、氮化锂、氧化镁、氧化硼粉体中的至少两种的复合的要求，先配制添加剂粉体，置于球磨罐中，加入氧化锆球后充分干混均匀；
(2)将步骤(1)干混均匀的添加剂粉体，按照原料组成及质量百分比含量为70～90wt％立方氮化硼粉体、2～10wt％六方氮化硼粉体、8～28wt％添加剂粉体的比例配料，置于球磨罐中，加入锆球和乙醇湿混均匀；
(3)将步骤(2)湿混均匀混合原料置于低温干燥箱中，于60℃～80℃烘干；
(4)将步骤(3)烘干后的原料置于真空炉中，于300～400℃真空干燥处理8～14小时，真空度为10-2～10-4MPa；
(5)将步骤(4)真空干燥处理后的混合原料，于氢气气氛炉中1000～1200℃处理2～5小时；
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的原料投入石墨模具并外套叶蜡石，用六面顶压机在高温高压下压制成型并烧结，制得聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料；
六面顶压机的压力为4～10GPa，烧结温度为1400～1700℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)的球磨是在威力球磨机上，采用尼龙球磨罐，球磨机转数为350～450转/分钟。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)的氧化锆球与原料的质量比为2.5：1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(6)的烧结温度为1550℃。
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