CN110885176A - Method for treating and disposing sludge by utilizing microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking - Google Patents
Method for treating and disposing sludge by utilizing microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/147—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating sludge by utilizing a microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking, which converts the sludge into organic humus through the procedures of biological modification of excess sludge by the microbial flocculant, biological wall breaking of modified sludge by microbial wall breaking floras and heavy metal chelating floras and reduction of heavy metal content, aerobic fermentation of the sludge by sludge fermentation floras and biomass fermentation floras, wherein no chemical agent is added in the whole process, no energy is input into the sludge in the dehydration process, only a small amount of mechanical power is used in stacking and turning, and the sludge is modified, heated and dried by simply utilizing the activity advantages of the microbes per se, so that the reduction, harmlessness, stabilization and recycling of the sludge are finally realized. The invention provides a new method for treating and disposing the excess sludge and the industrial sludge with high organic matter content in the municipal sewage plant, which has the advantages of less equipment investment, simple operation, safety, no pollution, low energy consumption and good economic and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment and disposal, in particular to a method for treating and disposing sludge by utilizing a microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking.
Background
According to the statistics of the department of construction, 12 months end in 2017, China accumulates to build 5027 seats of a sewage treatment plant, the sewage treatment capacity reaches 1.88 billion cubic meters per day, and 5000 million tons of sludge with 80% of water content is produced every year. The water pollution prevention action plan stipulates that the harmless treatment rate of the municipal sludge on the grade of land and above reaches more than 90 percent before 2020. The treatment and disposal of the sludge is a worldwide problem, and the traditional disposal methods comprise land landfill, incineration, agricultural utilization and the like, which not only easily cause secondary pollution, but also bring heavy burden to the operation of a sewage treatment plant due to large occupied area or high disposal cost. Therefore, how to properly treat the sludge has become a problem to be solved.
Sludge with the water content of 95-98% after the biological treatment process of the municipal sewage plant is called excess sludge, the excess sludge with the water content of 95-98% is dehydrated to the water content of 60-80% and is called sludge treatment, and composting, landfill, drying and heating treatment of the sludge are carried out, and finally the sludge is utilized and is called sludge treatment. Sludge incineration, sanitary landfills, marine dumping, sludge composting, sludge farming, and the like are generally used as methods for sludge disposal in some developed countries worldwide. Sludge is mainly buried at the end of the 80 th of the 20 th century in the United states, accounting for about 42 percent of the total sludge, and is used for farmlands in about 59 percent of the total sludge in 1998. In Japan, the land area is small, so that the sludge incineration accounts for about 63%, the land utilization accounts for 22%, the landfill accounts for 5%, and the other accounts for about 10%. The emphasis of each member country of European union is different, currently Lusenberg, Denmark and France are mainly sludge agriculture, the agricultural utilization of sludge of Denmark, Netherlands and Finland accounts for 43%, 53% and 40% of the total amount respectively, the agricultural proportion of sludge of Ireland, Finland and Portuga is increased gradually, and the incineration proportion of France, Lusenberg, Germany and Netherlands is larger.
The sludge treatment and disposal technology starts late in China, the existing sludge treatment technology is to dehydrate by adding PAM or inorganic flocculant, a large amount of heat energy is consumed in the process of dehydration, large-scale equipment is used for overflowing water in sludge, and the inorganic flocculant has poor flocculation effect and large addition amount. Meanwhile, the sludge obtained by adding PAM flocculation or inorganic flocculant flocculation for flocculation and dehydration presents a colloidal structure, and the air permeability and the water permeability are poor; in addition, PAM can not be degraded in a natural state, so that the subsequent treatment of sludge is seriously influenced, and the concrete expression is that; in the aerobic composting process, local anaerobic fermentation is easily formed due to the wrapping property of PAM, the odor is large during fermentation, the surrounding environment is seriously affected, organic matters are converted into harmful gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, alkanes and the like, the organic matters of the final finished product are low, the survival rate of beneficial bacteria is low (the number of the beneficial bacteria per gram of the finished product is less than 2000 ten thousand), and the organic matters are difficult to recycle as fertilizers; the product (organic humus soil) after aerobic fermentation is reduced into sludge when meeting water, the viscosity is large, the soil is hardened, and the PAM in the product can gradually coat the roots of the plants, so that the plants die.
The sludge disposal technology aims at the national conditions of China, the investment and the operating cost of sludge drying and incineration process engineering are relatively high, and the sludge drying and incineration process is suitable for large cities, large town groups and areas with short land. The sludge composting must be combined with the requirements of users, and the popularization and the application can be considered on the basis of market research. At present, in various sludge treatment methods in China, the agricultural use accounts for about 44.8%, land landfill accounts for about 31%, other treatment accounts for about 10.5%, and about 13.7% of municipal sludge is returned to the nature without any treatment. The farmland utilization of the sludge can provide nutrient components for crops, improve and fertilize soil, and treat a large amount of sludge, but if the sludge is continuously applied, the phenomenon that harmful substances such as heavy metals in the soil are accumulated and increased exists, so that the risk of soil pollution is increased.
The burning method has the disadvantages of complicated technology and equipment, high energy consumption, high investment and air pollution; the landfill method is limited by land use, and the environment around the landfill site is also deteriorated; the sea pollution can be caused when the device is thrown into the sea, the threat to the marine ecosystem and the human food chain is caused, and the international convention is well banned; the urban sludge treated by the composting method is used for agricultural utilization, and has the advantages of economy, simplicity, convenience, resource utilization and the like, but the accumulation of toxic and harmful pollutants such as heavy metals, pathogenic bacteria, organic matters and the like in soil is a great obstacle in the use of sludge composting. In recent years, developed countries have been researching technologies for promoting anaerobic digestion processes and sludge reduction technologies, and have been carrying out various pretreatment (such as pyrolysis, hydrolytic acidification, alkali treatment, etc.) to improve anaerobic digestion performance of sludge, and carrying out sludge reduction treatment by means of ozone oxidation, ultrasonic technology, decoupling metabolism, biological decomposition treatment, etc., but these technologies have not been popularized due to their limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating and disposing sludge by utilizing a microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking, wherein no chemical agent is added in the whole process, no energy (heat energy, electric energy, solar energy or mechanical energy, only a small amount of mechanical power is needed in the stacking and turning process) is needed to be input into the sludge in the dehydration process, and the sludge is modified, heated and dried by simply utilizing the activity advantage of the microbes per se, so that the reduction, harmlessness, stabilization and resource utilization of the sludge are finally realized; the organic humus soil obtained by the method has high organic matter content and is an ideal organic fertilizer raw material.
In order to realize the purpose, the method for treating and disposing the sludge by utilizing the microbial flocculant and the microbial wall-breaking bacteria adopts the technical scheme that: the sludge treatment and disposal method comprises the following steps:
(1) sludge biological modification: desliming the residual sludge with the water content of 95-98% by using a desliming machine, and adding a microbial flocculant in the desliming process to obtain modified sludge with the water content of 60-80%;
(2) biological wall breaking of sludge: adding organic matter auxiliary materials, microbial wall-breaking floras and heavy metal chelating floras into the modified sludge obtained in the step (1), adding 200-250 kg of organic matter auxiliary materials, 0.25kg of wall-breaking floras and 0.25kg of heavy metal chelating floras into each ton of modified sludge to obtain a sludge and auxiliary material mixture, controlling the water content of the sludge and auxiliary material mixture to be 55-60%, controlling the C/N to be 25-30: 1 and the PH value to be 6.5-8.5, stirring, turning and throwing uniformly, and standing for 48 hours;
(3) aerobic fermentation of sludge: adding sludge fermentation flora and biomass fermentation flora into the sludge subjected to wall breaking in the step (2), adding 0.25kg of sludge fermentation flora and 0.125kg of biomass fermentation flora into each ton of sludge subjected to wall breaking, stirring, turning and throwing uniformly, stacking and fermenting, wherein the fermentation time is 15 days, fermenting for 1-6 days, turning and throwing the stack for 1-2 times every day, so that the sludge, organic auxiliary materials and strains are uniformly mixed, the granules are loose and fully contact with the air, and an optimum propagation environment is created for the flora; turning and throwing the stack for 4-5 times every day after 7-10 days of fermentation, ventilating and supplying oxygen for stack fermentation to avoid anaerobism, and controlling the temperature of the stack below 70 ℃; and (4) turning and throwing the stack for 2-3 times every day after fermenting for 11-15 days to accelerate water evaporation and obtain loose soil organic humus soil with the water content of less than 40%.
Preferably, the microbial flocculant comprises protein, acidic polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide and amino polysaccharide.
Preferably, the organic matter auxiliary materials are one or more of peanut shells, sawdust, corncobs, crop straws, crop leaves, crushed mushroom bag materials, bagasse, cereal shells and furfural residues.
Preferably, the microbial wall-broken flora comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and aspergillus niger.
Preferably, the sludge fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus pumilus, pseudomonas stutzeri and rhodococcus.
Preferably, the biomass fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Preferably, the heavy metal chelating flora comprises pseudomonas putida, yeast and bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, it is characterized in that: and (3) after the sludge auxiliary materials are uniformly stirred, spraying the microbial deodorant bacterial liquid on the surface and the periphery of the sludge auxiliary materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the existing process of dewatering the excess sludge, a traditional flocculating agent (PAM or inorganic flocculating agent floc) is added, so that spore water is formed among sludge aggregates, the whole sludge aggregates are colloidal, and further dewatering is very difficult. The key to deep dehydration of sludge is breaking the gelatinous structure, commonly called sludge wall breaking. The existing sludge wall breaking method adopts pyrohydrolysis, large-scale equipment and microwave irradiation, or adopts a mode of adding quicklime. The methods have high cost, large investment and poor wall breaking effect, and the problems of sludge increment and subsequent resource utilization incapability caused by adding the quicklime are also caused. Based on the above, the invention adopts the microbial flocculant to modify the sludge, the microbial flocculant can be decomposed and degraded in natural environment, and the modified sludge particle surface loses chemical stability and coating property, so that the sludge is easy to dehydrate, and the subsequent treatment process is simple and easy. And the modified microorganisms are subjected to wall breaking by adopting wall breaking flora, the wall breaking flora has a microorganism wall breaking function, and can quickly carry out biological wall breaking on the sludge in the biological fermentation process of the sludge, so that the moisture in a cell membrane of the sludge is quickly heated and evaporated under the action of biological fermentation, gaps in sludge molecular groups can be continuously expanded, and a friendly environment for aerobic fermentation is generated, so that the fermentation and humus periods of the sludge are greatly accelerated, a good wall breaking effect is generated, the unit cost of sludge drying is greatly reduced, and the drying effect is improved.
2. The sludge treatment can be completed only by a small turner and a forklift loader without large-scale equipment in the sludge treatment process, and universal large-scale deodorization equipment is reduced, so that the investment cost is greatly reduced.
3. Microbial deodorant bacteria liquid is sprayed on the surface and the periphery of the sludge auxiliary material, no stink is generated in the fermentation process, and the fermentation is greatly improved.
4. The organic humus soil obtained after the sludge is treated by the method can not burn seedlings, can not cause soil hardening, and can not be reduced into sludge when meeting water.
5. The organic humus soil obtained after the sludge is treated by the method has the water content of less than 40 percent, is in a loose soil shape, has no viscosity, good air permeability and no odor, and the organic matter is perfectly reserved (the number of beneficial bacteria per gram of finished product is 1.5 hundred million), so that the organic humus soil is an ideal organic fertilizer raw material.
6. Heavy metal chelating bacteria are adopted to chelate heavy metal in the modified sludge, and the ionic heavy metal is changed into organic compound heavy metal, so that the heavy metal is passivated, stabilized in soil and not easy to be absorbed by plants.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, sludge with a water content of 98% in a sewage treatment plant (source-clearing water utilities ltd, shou, japan) in anhui county is treated, and a specific treatment method includes the following steps:
(1) sludge biological modification: desliming the residual sludge with the water content of 98% by using a desliming machine, adding a microbial flocculant in the desliming process, and quickly separating mud and water by using a self-decomposition product of biological bacteria to obtain modified sludge with the water content of 80%, wherein 2.3kg of microbial flocculant is added for every 1 ton of modified sludge; the microbial flocculant comprises protein, acidic polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide and amino polysaccharide. The microbial flocculant can be decomposed and degraded in a natural environment, and the modified sludge particle surface loses chemical stability and coating property, so that the sludge is extremely easy to dehydrate, and the subsequent treatment process is simple and easy.
(2) Biological wall breaking of sludge: adding organic matter auxiliary materials and wall-broken flora into the modified sludge obtained in the step (1), adding 230kg of organic matter auxiliary materials and 0.25kg of wall-broken flora into each ton of modified sludge to obtain a sludge auxiliary material mixture, controlling the water content of the sludge auxiliary material mixture to be 58%, controlling the C/N ratio to be 28:1 and the PH value to be 7.0, stirring, turning and throwing uniformly, and standing for 48 hours; the organic matter auxiliary material adopts peanut shells; the wall-broken bacteria include Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, and Aspergillus niger.
(3) Aerobic fermentation of sludge: adding sludge fermentation flora and biomass fermentation flora into the sludge subjected to wall breaking in the step (2), adding 0.25kg of sludge fermentation flora and 0.125kg of biomass fermentation flora into each ton of sludge subjected to wall breaking, stirring, turning and throwing uniformly, stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain loose soil organic humus soil with the water content of 38%. And (3) turning and throwing the stack for 1 time every day in 1-6 days of fermentation to uniformly mix the sludge, the organic auxiliary materials and the strains, so that the granules are loose and fully contact with the air, and an optimum reproduction environment is created for the flora. Turning and throwing the stack for 4 times every day in 7-10 days of fermentation, ventilating and supplying oxygen for stack fermentation to avoid anaerobism, and controlling the stack temperature below 70 ℃; and (5) turning and throwing the stack for 2-3 times every day on the 11-15 th day of fermentation to accelerate water evaporation. The sludge fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus pumilus, pseudomonas stutzeri and rhodococcus; the biomass fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Example 2
In this embodiment, sludge with a water content of 98% in a sewage treatment plant (source-clearing water utilities ltd, shou, japan) in anhui county is treated, and a specific treatment method includes the following steps:
(1) sludge biological modification: desliming the residual sludge with the water content of 98% by using a desliming machine, adding a microbial flocculant in the desliming process, and quickly separating mud and water by using a self-decomposition product of biological bacteria to obtain modified sludge with the water content of 80%, wherein 2.3kg of microbial flocculant is added for every 1 ton of modified sludge; the microbial flocculant comprises protein, acidic polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide and amino polysaccharide. The microbial flocculant can be decomposed and degraded in a natural environment, and the modified sludge particle surface loses chemical stability and coating property, so that the sludge is extremely easy to dehydrate, and the subsequent treatment process is simple and easy.
(2) Biological wall breaking of sludge: adding organic matter auxiliary materials and wall-broken flora into the modified sludge obtained in the step (1), adding 250kg of organic matter auxiliary materials and 0.25kg of wall-broken flora into each ton of modified sludge to obtain a sludge auxiliary material mixture, controlling the water content of the sludge auxiliary material mixture to be 60%, controlling the C/N ratio to be 30:1, controlling the PH value to be 6.5, stirring and turning uniformly, spraying microbial deodorant liquid on the surface and the periphery of the sludge auxiliary materials, and standing for 48 hours; the organic matter auxiliary material adopts peanut shells; the wall-broken flora comprises Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, and Aspergillus niger; the microbial deodorizing bacterial liquid is disclosed in Chinese patent with publication date 2019.02.0.1 and publication date CN 109289500A.
(3) Aerobic fermentation of sludge: adding sludge fermentation flora and biomass fermentation flora into the sludge subjected to wall breaking in the step (2), adding 0.25kg of sludge fermentation flora and 0.125kg of biomass fermentation flora into each ton of sludge subjected to wall breaking, stirring, turning and throwing uniformly, stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain loose soil organic humus soil with the water content of 32%. And (3) turning and throwing the stack for 2 times every day in 1-6 days of fermentation to uniformly mix the sludge, the organic auxiliary materials and the strains, so that the granules are loose and fully contact with the air, and an optimum breeding environment is created for the strains. Turning and throwing the stack 5 times every day in the 7 th to 10 th days of fermentation, ventilating and supplying oxygen for stack fermentation to avoid anaerobism, and controlling the stack temperature below 70 ℃; and (5) fermenting for 11-15 days, and turning and throwing the stack for 3 times every day to accelerate water evaporation. The sludge fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus pumilus, pseudomonas stutzeri and rhodococcus; the biomass fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Example 3
In this embodiment, sludge with a water content of 98% in a sewage treatment plant (source-clearing water utilities ltd, shou, japan) in anhui county is treated, and a specific treatment method includes the following steps:
(1) sludge biological modification: desliming the sludge with the water content of 98% by using a desliming machine, adding a microbial flocculant in the desliming process, and quickly separating mud and water by using a self-decomposition product of biological bacteria to obtain modified sludge with the water content of 70%, wherein 2.3kg of microbial flocculant is added for every 1 ton of modified sludge; the microbial flocculant comprises protein, acidic polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide, and aminopolysaccharide. The microbial flocculant can be decomposed and degraded in a natural environment, and the modified sludge particle surface loses chemical stability and coating property, so that the sludge is extremely easy to dehydrate, and the subsequent treatment process is simple and easy.
(2) Biological wall breaking of sludge: adding organic matter auxiliary materials, wall-breaking flora and heavy metal chelating flora into the modified sludge obtained in the step (1), adding 200kg of organic matter auxiliary materials, 0.25kg of wall-breaking flora and 0.25kg of heavy metal chelating flora into each ton of modified sludge to obtain a sludge auxiliary material mixture, controlling the water content of the sludge auxiliary material mixture to be 60%, controlling the C/N to be 25:1 and controlling the pH value to be 8.5, stirring and turning uniformly, spraying microbial deodorant liquid on the surface and the periphery of the sludge auxiliary material, and standing for 48 hours; the organic matter auxiliary material adopts peanut shells; the wall-broken flora comprises Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, and Aspergillus niger; the heavy metal chelating bacteria group comprises heavy metal chelating bacteria including Pseudomonas putida, yeast, Bacillus subtilis; the microbial deodorizing bacterial liquid is the microbial deodorizing bacterial liquid disclosed in Chinese patent with application publication date of 2019.02.0.1 and application publication date of CN 109289500A.
(3) Aerobic fermentation of sludge: adding sludge fermentation flora and biomass fermentation flora into the sludge subjected to wall breaking in the step (2), adding 0.25kg of sludge fermentation flora and 0.125kg of biomass fermentation flora into each ton of sludge subjected to wall breaking, stirring, turning and throwing uniformly, stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the loose soil organic humus soil with the water content of 26%. And (3) turning and throwing the stack for 2 times every day in 1-6 days of fermentation to uniformly mix the sludge, the organic auxiliary materials and the strains, so that the granules are loose and fully contact with the air, and an optimum breeding environment is created for the strains. Turning and throwing the stack for 4 times every day in 7-10 days of fermentation, ventilating and supplying oxygen for stack fermentation to avoid anaerobism, and controlling the stack temperature below 70 ℃; and (5) fermenting for 11-15 days, and turning and throwing the stack for 2 times every day to accelerate water evaporation. The sludge fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus pumilus, pseudomonas stutzeri and rhodococcus; the biomass fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
It should be noted that: in the above embodiment, the organic auxiliary material is one or more of peanut shells, wood chips, corncobs, crop straws, crop leaves, crushed mushroom bag materials, bagasse, cereal shells, and furfural residues. In the step (2), the water content of the sludge-adjuvant mixture may be controlled to any value within the range of 55 to 60%, for example, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, etc.
By observing the treatment and disposal sites of examples 1, 2 and 3, the treatment and disposal sites of example 1 have a noticeable odor, and the treatment and disposal sites of examples 2 and 3 have no odor. Therefore, the microbial deodorant bacterial liquid can inhibit the propagation of anaerobic microorganisms in the sludge, thereby greatly reducing the generation of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and the like and greatly improving the environment of sludge treatment and disposal sites.
The organic humus soils obtained in examples 1 to 3 were examined, and the examination items and examination structures are shown in the following table.
From the results of the above table, it can be seen that: the organic matter content of the organic humus soil obtained after the residual sludge is treated by the method is more than 45 percent, and the organic matter is perfectly reserved and reaches the national specified standard; and the heavy metal chelating flora chelates metals, so that the content of heavy metals in the sludge can be effectively reduced, and the heavy metal content is as follows: arsenic 9.2 mg/kg is less than 15 mg/kg, mercury 1.0 mg/kg is less than 15 mg/kg, lead 16.0 mg/kg is less than 50 mg/k, cadmium is not detected (less than 0.1) is less than 3 mg/kg, and chromium 58.8 mg/kg is less than 150 mg/kg, and meets the national regulation standard; coliform bacteria are less than 100 per gram, and meet the national regulation standard.
The application of the organic humus soil obtained by treating and disposing the excess sludge of the invention is as follows:
1. the water content of the prepared organic fertilizer is reduced to below 40 percent, the finished product is loose soil-shaped, has no viscosity, good air permeability and no odor, and organic matters are perfectly reserved (the number of beneficial bacteria per gram of the finished product is 1.5 hundred million), so the organic fertilizer is an ideal organic fertilizer raw material;
2. and (3) preparing a fuel rod, reducing the water content to be below 20%, adding organic auxiliary materials into the organic humus according to the mass ratio of the organic auxiliary materials to the organic humus of 4-5: 1, and pressing the mixture into the biomass fuel rod. The heat value can reach 2800 and 3300 cal/g. Can be widely used as biomass boiler fuel;
3. preparing biomass charcoal, reducing the water content to below 20%, and carbonizing at high temperature to obtain biomass charcoal for soil improvement.
Claims (8)
1. The method for treating and disposing the sludge by utilizing the microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sludge biological modification: desliming the residual sludge with the water content of 95-98% by using a desliming machine, and adding a microbial flocculant in the desliming process to obtain modified sludge with the water content of 60-80%;
(2) biological wall breaking of sludge: adding organic matter auxiliary materials, microbial wall-breaking floras and heavy metal chelating floras into the modified sludge obtained in the step (1), adding 200-250 kg of organic matter auxiliary materials, 0.25kg of wall-breaking floras and 0.25kg of heavy metal chelating floras into each ton of modified sludge to obtain a sludge and auxiliary material mixture, controlling the water content of the sludge and auxiliary material mixture to be 55-60%, controlling the C/N to be 25-30: 1 and the pH value to be 6.5-8.5, stirring, turning and throwing uniformly, and standing for 48 hours;
(3) aerobic fermentation of sludge: adding sludge fermentation flora and biomass fermentation flora into the sludge subjected to wall breaking in the step (2), adding 0.25kg of sludge fermentation flora and 0.125kg of biomass fermentation flora into each ton of sludge subjected to wall breaking, stirring, turning and throwing uniformly, stacking and fermenting, wherein the fermentation time is 15 days, fermenting for 1-6 days, turning and throwing the stack for 1-2 times every day, so that the sludge, organic auxiliary materials and strains are uniformly mixed, the granules are loose and fully contact with the air, and an optimum propagation environment is created for the flora; turning and throwing the stack for 4-5 times every day after 7-10 days of fermentation, ventilating and supplying oxygen for stack fermentation to avoid anaerobism, and controlling the temperature of the stack below 70 ℃; and (4) turning and throwing the stack for 2-3 times every day after fermenting for 11-15 days to accelerate water evaporation and obtain loose soil organic humus soil with the water content of less than 40%.
2. The method for sludge treatment and disposal by using microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microbial flocculant comprises protein, acidic polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide and amino polysaccharide.
3. The method for sludge treatment and disposal by using microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic matter auxiliary materials are one or more of peanut shells, sawdust, corncobs, crop straws, crop leaves, crushed mushroom bag materials, bagasse, cereal shells and furfural residues.
4. The method for sludge treatment and disposal by using microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microbial wall-broken flora comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and aspergillus niger.
5. The method for treating and disposing sludge by using the microbial flocculant and the microbial wall-breaking bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sludge fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, bacillus pumilus, pseudomonas stutzeri and rhodococcus.
6. The method for sludge treatment and disposal by using microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biomass fermentation flora comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
7. The method for sludge treatment and disposal by using microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heavy metal chelating flora comprises pseudomonas putida, yeast and bacillus subtilis.
8. The method for sludge treatment and disposal by using microbial flocculant and microbial wall breaking according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: and (3) after the sludge auxiliary materials are uniformly stirred, spraying the microbial deodorant bacterial liquid on the surface and the periphery of the sludge auxiliary materials.
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