CN110873825B - Method for determining a faulty DUT antenna and measurement system - Google Patents
Method for determining a faulty DUT antenna and measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110873825B CN110873825B CN201811018336.5A CN201811018336A CN110873825B CN 110873825 B CN110873825 B CN 110873825B CN 201811018336 A CN201811018336 A CN 201811018336A CN 110873825 B CN110873825 B CN 110873825B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
- G01R29/105—Radiation diagrams of antennas using anechoic chambers; Chambers or open field sites used therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
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Abstract
A method of determining a failed DUT antenna (14) by employing a measurement antenna array (12) to identify a performance bias between at least two DUT antennas (14) is disclosed. A first predetermined coupling profile (22) is set via the measuring antenna array (12) in a region allocated to at least two DUT antennas (14). At least one operating parameter for the first coupling profile (22) is measured. Then, a second predetermined coupling profile (24) is set via the measurement antenna array (12) in the region allocated to at least two DUT antennas (14). At least one operating parameter for the second coupling profile (24) is measured, and a performance bias between the at least two DUT antennas (14) is identified based on the measurement of the at least one operating parameter. Furthermore, a measuring system (10) is disclosed.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method and a measurement system for determining a faulty DUT antenna by identifying a performance deviation between at least two DUT antennas.
Background
According to the new 5G standard, data transmission between different communication devices (e.g. between a mobile device and a base station) relies on a large number of antenna communication paths or rather communication channels, which are often referred to as "massive MIMO".
However, some of these communication paths may suffer from defective hardware and/or software issues, which may greatly limit the bandwidth of the respective communication paths, thereby reducing the overall data transmission rate between the communication devices.
Identifying such a defective communication path is important to ensure that the communication network is able to provide its users with the maximum possible data transmission bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a measurement system capable of reliably determining a faulty DUT antenna by identifying performance deviations between several device under test antennas (DUT antennas).
According to the present invention, this problem is solved by a method for determining a faulty DUT antenna by identifying a performance deviation between at least two DUT antennas by employing a measurement antenna array configured to establish communication between the DUT antennas and the measurement antenna array. The method comprises the following steps: a first predetermined (predetermined) coupling profile is set (set) in the area allocated to the at least two DUT antennas via the measurement antenna array. At least one operating parameter for the first coupling profile is measured. Then, a second predetermined coupling profile is set in the area allocated to the at least two DUT antennas via the measurement antenna array. At least one operating parameter for the second coupling profile is measured, and a performance bias between the at least two DUT antennas is identified based on the measurement of the at least one operating parameter. The first predetermined coupling profile and the second predetermined coupling profile each represent the strength of electromagnetic coupling between the measurement antenna array and the respective region, wherein the first predetermined coupling profile and the second predetermined coupling profile are different from each other.
The invention is based on the idea of identifying performance bias by setting different measurement conditions by adjusting the coupling between the measurement antenna array and the DUT antenna instead of moving the detector probe to a new position for each measurement.
In other words, the measurement antenna array remains stationary during several measurements and does not need to be moved between the individual measurements, thus enabling simple and quick identification of performance deviations between at least two DUT antennas.
Due to the identified performance bias, a faulty DUT antenna may be properly determined. The failed DUT antenna may involve the antenna element itself or another component connected to the antenna element, such as a radio frequency transceiver.
In general, a DUT antenna may relate to a Device Under Test (DUT). The corresponding DUT antennas are used to establish the communication paths.
The coupling profile may be set by adjusting the weighting factors of the signals received and/or transmitted by each of the respective measurement antennas, where each weighting factor is typically complex. In other words, the coupling profile indicates which portion of the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the measurement antenna array reaches a particular DUT antenna and vice versa. In particular, complex weighting factors are set for each measurement antenna for the measurement antenna array, respectively, to appropriately adapt the coupling profile.
Measurement of at least one operating parameter during different coupling profiles ensures that a failed DUT antenna can be located. In effect, the corresponding region assigned to the DUT antenna is identified as having a performance bias with respect to at least one other region previously tested. Alternatively or additionally, the performance bias is determined while taking into account the specifications of the respective antenna elements of the DUT antenna, which may lead to performance bias (from the specifications).
The measured at least one operating parameter may be stored for each of the coupling profiles applied during the test. Accordingly, the respective values of the at least one operating parameter may be compared with each other at a later time.
In particular, the measurement antenna array and the DUT antenna are configured to generate and/or receive electromagnetic Radio Frequency (RF) signals.
The identified performance deviation may be based on at least one damaged component, poor performance of the at least one component, and/or misconnection of the at least one component, wherein the at least one component is assigned to the communication path or rather the DUT antenna.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the predetermined coupling profile is set by adjusting the transmission characteristics of the measurement antenna array. Thus, a first predetermined electromagnetic field distribution and a second predetermined electromagnetic field distribution are generated in the region allocated to the DUT antenna, the electromagnetic field distribution corresponding to the first predetermined coupling distribution and the second predetermined coupling distribution, respectively. In other words, for each measurement of an operating parameter, the respective DUT antennas are biased with a different electromagnetic field, which allows for identification of performance variations between the respective DUT antennas.
According to another aspect of the invention, for each of the predetermined coupling profiles, the intensity profile of the electromagnetic field generated via the measurement antenna array is greater in the region allocated to one of the DUT antennas than in the region allocated to at least one of the remaining DUT antennas. Thus, a global maximum of the intensity distribution is assigned to one of the DUT antennas, which means that the performance of that particular DUT antenna contributes more to the measured operating parameter than the remaining DUT antennas. Instead, the measured operating parameter is indicative of the performance of that particular DUT antenna. Thus, comparing different measured operating parameters allows for identifying performance variations between individual DUT antennas in a simple manner.
In one embodiment of the invention, at least one operating parameter is measured via a measurement antenna array and/or via a DUT antenna. More specifically, radio Frequency (RF) signals generated by the measurement antenna array may be measured via the DUT antenna, RF signals generated by the DUT antenna may be measured via the measurement antenna array and/or RF signals generated by the measurement antenna array may induce the DUT antenna to generate a responsive RF signal, which is then measured via the measurement antenna array.
Accordingly, the signal generator (in particular the vector signal generator) and/or the measurement device may be signally connected to the measurement antenna array and/or the DUT antenna.
In another embodiment of the invention, the first predetermined coupling profile and the second predetermined coupling profile are set by adjusting the reception characteristics of the measurement antenna array. Only a proportion of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the respective DUT antennas is received by the measurement antenna array, wherein the predetermined coupling profile is indicative of the proportion.
In particular, the reception characteristics are adjusted to have a global maximum assigned to one of the DUT antennas and to have a lower value at the remaining DUT antennas (in particular the area respectively assigned to the DUT antennas). This means that the performance of that particular DUT antenna assigned to the global maximum contributes more to the measured operating parameter than the remaining DUT antennas. Instead, the measured operating parameter is indicative of the performance of that particular DUT antenna. Thus, comparing different measured operating parameters allows for identifying performance variations between individual DUT antennas in a simple manner.
Electromagnetic waves may be generated via the DUT antenna and received via the measurement antenna array in order to measure at least one operating parameter. In particular, the individual DUT antennas may be controlled to generate electromagnetic waves uniformly, i.e. each DUT antenna generates equal electromagnetic waves.
Preferably, the at least one operating parameter comprises a figure of merit. Thus, the operating parameters are characteristic of the performance of the DUT antennas and allow for simple identification of performance deviations between DUT antennas by simply comparing different operating parameters, especially without further computation.
In particular, the at least one operating parameter includes error vector magnitude, adjacent channel leakage ratio, sensitivity, and/or spectral emission mask. These quantities are particularly suitable as references for DUT antennas because they represent errors in the communication system that must be minimized.
In another embodiment of the invention, the measurement antenna array is disposed in the near field region of the DUT antenna. This allows the predetermined coupling profile to be set in a particularly accurate manner, since the distance between the measuring antenna array and the DUT antenna is small, enabling a more accurate detection of faults.
In other words, the measurement antenna array may comprise beamforming or rather beamforming units such that a radiation pattern with a narrow main lobe is provided, which may be steered (steered) in a controlled manner. The radiation pattern provided generally relates to the coupling profile applied.
For steering purposes, in particular, the individual measurement antennas of the measurement antenna array are controlled in a complex manner so as to steer the respective main lobes along different areas of the device under test having at least two DUT antennas. Thus, the DUT antenna is sensed by the main lobe of the radiation pattern.
In practice, the main lobe is turned so as to reach at least two different measurement positions, which involve at least two predetermined sets of coupling profiles. At least one operating parameter is then measured for the respective measuring location or rather the coupling profile.
In general, the radiation pattern of the measurement antenna array may define its transmission and/or reception characteristics.
According to the invention, the problem is also solved by a measurement system comprising a measurement antenna array, a measurement device, a control unit and at least two DUT antennas, wherein the measurement antenna array is configured to establish communication between the DUT antennas and the measurement antenna array. The measurement antenna array is configured to accommodate a coupling profile between the DUT antenna and the measurement antenna array. A measurement device is signally connected to the measurement antenna array and/or the DUT antenna, wherein the measurement device is configured to measure at least one operating parameter of the DUT antenna. The control unit is configured to perform the above-described method. For advantages, reference is made to the explanations given above.
Preferably, the measurement antenna array is disposed in the near field region of the DUT antenna. This allows the predetermined coupling profile to be set in a particularly accurate manner, since the distance between the measuring antenna array and the DUT antennas is small, thereby enabling a more accurate detection of a failure of at least one DUT antenna.
The measurement device may be configured as at least one of a vector signal analyzer, a power meter, a vector network analyzer, an oscilloscope, and a communication signal tester.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the DUT antennas are arranged in DUT antenna arrays. Thus, the device under test may have a DUT antenna array that includes several DUT antennas. Each of the DUT antennas may be part of a different communication path for MIMO communication between different devices, particularly between a mobile device and a base station.
Typically, near field measurements allow focusing on the DUT antenna, simplifying the measurement to identify performance variations.
Furthermore, the method and measurement system ensure that a faulty DUT antenna or a group of faulty DUT antennas can be determined due to the different coupling profiles applied for measurement purposes.
Typically, communications may be established by using all DUT antennas of the device under test. In other words, the device under test communicates with the measurement antenna array while using all DUT antennas.
This ensures that faults can be determined which become apparent only if all DUT antennas (in particular all antenna elements) are operating. For example, the antenna element may become faulty due to heat dissipation from other antenna elements. When all antenna elements are operated, the heat dissipation is higher compared to when only one other antenna element is operated.
In general, two to all DUT antennas may be selected for corresponding testing.
Drawings
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of the claimed subject matter will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically shows a measurement system according to the invention;
fig. 2 schematically shows a flow chart of a method for identifying a performance bias between at least two DUT antennas according to the invention;
fig. 3 shows the measurement system of fig. 1 with superimposed first coupling profiles; and
Fig. 4 shows the measurement system of fig. 1 with a superimposed second coupling profile.
Detailed Description
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings (wherein like numerals refer to like elements) is intended as a description of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter and is not intended to represent the only embodiments. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is provided by way of example or illustration only and should not be construed to be preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The illustrative examples provided herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a measurement system 10 that includes a measurement antenna array 12, a number of Device Under Test (DUT) antennas 14 arranged in a DUT antenna array 15 of a DUT, a control unit 16, and a measurement device 18.
The measurement antenna array 12 comprises several individual measurement antennas 20 arranged in a row within a common plane or in two or three dimensions in any suitable way, e.g. concentric rings around a common intermediate axis.
The control unit 16 is connected to the measurement antenna array 12. The control unit 16 may comprise several control elements 21, one control element 21 being assigned to each measuring antenna 20. In other words, each measuring antenna 20 is assigned to its own control element 21, which is used to individually control the respective measuring antenna 20.
Furthermore, the control unit 16 may be signally (depicted by the dashed lines in fig. 1) connected to the DUT antenna 14.
Thus, and hereinafter, the term "signaling" will be understood to include both wired and wireless based connections.
In particular, the control unit 16 includes a vector signal generator configured to generate Radio Frequency (RF) signals and forward the RF signals to the measurement antenna 20 and/or the DUT antenna 14. Alternatively, the DUT antenna 14 receives signals from an internal signal generator of the device under test, which signals are controlled by the control unit 16.
The measuring antennas 20 can each be connected in a signally manner, in particular via the control unit 16, to the measuring device 18.
The plurality of DUT antennas 14 may each include a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver coupled to a respective antenna element. Thus, the DUT antennas 14 are each configured to receive and transmit radio frequency signals.
In particular, each DUT antenna 14 is part of a communication path in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication network, particularly a massive MIMO communication network that conforms to the 5G standard. For example, measurement antenna array 12 and DUT antenna array 15 may establish MIMO communications for testing purposes.
Thus, each of the number of DUT antennas 14 may be signally connected to the measurement device 18.
The measurement device 18 may include a vector signal analyzer, a power meter, a vector network analyzer, an oscilloscope, and/or a communication signal tester.
With respect to the RF frequency signal and associated typical wavelength, the measurement antenna 20 is disposed in the near field region of the DUT antenna 14.
The control unit 16 is configured to perform a method for determining a faulty DUT antenna 14 by identifying performance deviations between DUT antennas 14, which will be described below with reference to fig. 2 to 4.
First, communication between each of the measurement antenna array 12 and the DUT antennas 14 is established via the measurement antenna array 12 (step S1).
Now, a first predetermined coupling profile 22 (cf. Fig. 3) is set in the area allocated to several DUT antennas 14 (step S2), wherein the coupling profile 22 represents the coupling strength between the measurement antenna array 12 and the respective area. In practice, the coupling profile 22 corresponds to a certain radiation pattern, for example a radiation pattern having a narrow main lobe directed to a certain area or rather at least one DUT antenna 14.
In other words, the first predetermined coupling profile is disposed in a region of space where the receive and/or transmit portions of the DUT antenna 14 are located. In addition, the first predetermined coupling profile 22 may be set for other regions as well (but is not required).
Essentially, the first predetermined coupling profile 22 is set by adapting the transmission characteristics and/or the reception characteristics of the measured antenna array 12. This may be achieved by adjusting the weighting factors of the signals received and/or transmitted by each of the respective measurement antennas 20, where each weighting factor is typically complex. In particular, the weighting factors are adjusted by the control element 21. The weighting factors may also be used to appropriately adapt the radiation pattern of the measurement antenna array 12.
In other words, the first predetermined coupling profile 22 represents the intensity profile of the electromagnetic RF field generated via the measurement antenna array 12 or the directional characteristic of the measurement antenna array 12 when receiving RF signals.
As can be seen in fig. 3, the first predetermined coupling profile 22 is larger in the region allocated to the first DUT antenna 14 'than in the region allocated to the remaining DUT antennas 14, i.e. the global maximum of the first predetermined coupling profile 22 is located in the region allocated to the first DUT antenna 14'. Thus, the spatially focused receive and/or transmit characteristics of the measurement antenna array 12 are obtained in the region allocated to the first DUT antenna 14'.
Now, RF signals are generated via the measurement antenna array 12 and/or via the DUT antenna 14 (step S3).
If an RF signal is generated via the DUT antenna 14, the RF signal is received via the measurement antenna array 12 and the corresponding measurement signals are forwarded to the measurement device 18 (step S4), where the individual measurement signals generated by the measurement antenna 20 are weighted and added together with the corresponding weighting factors to provide the measurement signals.
Similarly, if an RF signal is generated via measurement antenna array 12, the RF signal is received via DUT antenna 14 and the corresponding measurement signal is forwarded to measurement device 18 (step S4). Alternatively or additionally, the RF signals generated via measurement antenna array 12 may induce DUT antenna 14 to generate response signals, which in turn may be received via measurement antenna array 12 and the corresponding measurement signals may be forwarded to measurement device 18.
Measurement device 18 processes the measurement signals to extract a first value of an operating parameter of DUT antenna 14. The operating parameters preferably include a quality factor of the DUT antenna 14, such as error vector magnitude, adjacent channel leakage ratio, sensitivity, and/or spectral emission mask (spectrum emission mask). Thus, the value of the operating parameter gives an indication of the performance of the DUT antenna 14 (more specifically, the performance of the first DUT antenna 14').
The first value of the operating parameter may be stored in the measuring device 18, forwarded to the control unit 16 and/or stored in the control unit 16.
Next, a second predetermined coupling profile 24 (cf. Fig. 4) is set via the measurement antenna array 12 (step S5), which is different from the first predetermined coupling profile 22.
As can be seen in fig. 4, the second coupling profile 24 is larger in the region allocated to the second DUT antenna 14 "than in the region allocated to the remaining DUT antennas 14. In other words, the maximum of the coupling profile is shifted to the region allocated to the second DUT antenna 14 ". Thus, the spatially focused receive and/or transmit characteristics of the measurement antenna array 12 are obtained in the region allocated to the second DUT antenna 14 ".
Steps S4 and S5 are then repeated for a second predetermined coupling profile 24 (step S6) to obtain a second value of the operating parameter, which gives an indication of the performance of the second DUT antenna 14 ".
The above steps may be repeated for all remaining DUT antennas 14, which may be summarized as follows:
Transferring the maximum of the coupling profile to another DUT antenna 14; and
-Repeating steps S4 and S5 for a new coupling profile.
In this way, operating parameters for each of the DUT antennas 14 are obtained. Thus, an indication of the performance of each of the DUT antennas 14 is obtained.
In addition, one or more coupling profiles 24 may be directed to the areas allocated to the number of DUT antennas 14 in the first step. Once the performance bias is identified, focusing may be used such that several sub-areas of the area with power bias are tested individually to determine the failed DUT antenna 14.
Based on the obtained operation parameters, performance deviations between the respective DUT antennas 14 are identified (step S7). This is possible because each measured operating parameter is a performance characteristic of a particular DUT antenna 14.
In particular, the above-described method may be used to identify and locate poorly performing DUT antennas 14 and may be replaced at a later time.
Claims (13)
1. A method for identifying a performance bias between at least two DUT antennas (14) by employing a measurement antenna array (12) to determine a faulty DUT antenna (14), wherein the at least two DUT antennas (14) comprise a first DUT antenna (14') and a second DUT antenna (14 "), wherein the measurement antenna array (12) is configured to establish communication between the DUT antennas (14) and the measurement antenna array (12), the method comprising the steps of:
-setting a first predetermined coupling profile (22) via the measurement antenna array (12) in an area allocated to the at least two DUT antennas (14);
-measuring at least one operating parameter for a first predetermined coupling profile (22);
-setting a second predetermined coupling profile (24) via the measurement antenna array (12) in an area allocated to the at least two DUT antennas (14);
-measuring at least one operating parameter for said second predetermined coupling profile (24); and
-Identifying a performance deviation between the at least two DUT antennas (14) based on the measurement of the at least one operating parameter;
Wherein the first predetermined coupling profile (22) and the second predetermined coupling profile (24) each represent an intensity of an electromagnetic coupling between the measurement antenna array (12) and a respective region, wherein the first predetermined coupling profile (22) and the second predetermined coupling profile (24) are different from each other, wherein the first predetermined coupling profile (22) is larger in a region allocated to the first DUT antenna (14') than in a region allocated to the remaining DUT antennas (14), and wherein the second predetermined coupling profile (24) is larger in a region allocated to the second DUT antenna (14 ") than in a region allocated to the remaining DUT antennas (14).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined coupling profile (22, 24) is set by adjusting the transmission characteristics of the measuring antenna array (12).
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that for each of the predetermined coupling profiles (22, 24), the intensity profile of the electromagnetic field generated via the measurement antenna array (12) is larger in the area allocated to one of the DUT antennas (14', 14 ") than in the area allocated to at least one remaining DUT antenna (14).
4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the at least one operating parameter is measured via the measuring antenna array (12) and/or via the DUT antenna (14).
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first predetermined coupling profile (22) and the second predetermined coupling profile (24) are set by adjusting the reception characteristics of the measuring antenna array (12).
6. The method of claim 5, wherein electromagnetic waves are generated via the DUT antenna (14) and received via the measurement antenna array (12) for measuring the at least one operating parameter.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one operating parameter comprises a figure of merit.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one operating parameter comprises an error vector magnitude, an adjacent channel leakage ratio, a sensitivity, and/or a spectral emission mask.
9. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the measurement antenna array (12) is arranged in the near field region of the DUT antenna (14).
10. A measurement system (10) for determining a faulty DUT antenna (14), the measurement system (10) comprising a measurement antenna array (12), a measurement device (18), a control unit (16) and at least two DUT antennas (14), wherein the measurement antenna array (12) is configured to establish a communication between the DUT antenna (14) and the measurement antenna array (12), wherein the measurement antenna array (12) is configured to adapt a coupling profile between the DUT antenna (14) and the measurement antenna array (12), wherein the measurement device (18) is signally connected to the measurement antenna array (12) and/or the DUT antenna (14), wherein the measurement device (18) is configured to measure at least one operating parameter of the DUT antenna (14), and wherein the control unit (16) is configured to perform the method according to any of the preceding claims.
11. The measurement system (10) of claim 10, wherein the measurement antenna array (12) is disposed in a near field region of the DUT antenna (14).
12. The measurement system (10) of claim 10 or 11, wherein the measurement device (18) is configured as at least one of a vector signal analyzer, a power meter, a vector network analyzer, an oscilloscope, and a communication signal tester.
13. The measurement system (10) of claim 10, wherein the DUT antenna (14) is arranged in a DUT antenna array (15).
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