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CN110831764A - 层压嵌件遮光带玻璃 - Google Patents

层压嵌件遮光带玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110831764A
CN110831764A CN201880044461.5A CN201880044461A CN110831764A CN 110831764 A CN110831764 A CN 110831764A CN 201880044461 A CN201880044461 A CN 201880044461A CN 110831764 A CN110831764 A CN 110831764A
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China
Prior art keywords
glass
layer
laminate
plastic
insert
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CN201880044461.5A
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Inventor
马里奥·阿图罗·曼海姆·阿斯塔特
爱德华·恩里克·科斯蒂奥·肖恩
查尔斯·斯蒂芬·弗尔策尔
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AGP America SA
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AGP America SA
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Publication of CN110831764A publication Critical patent/CN110831764A/zh
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

利用粘合剂将窗玻璃粘结到车辆开口的玻璃安装系统，需要遮光以隐藏粘合剂，并保护粘合剂免受紫外线照射。搪瓷油墨通常用于在玻璃上印刷遮光。然而，某些类型的玻璃涂层和将进行化学回火的玻璃与搪瓷熔块不兼容。可以使用有机油墨，但其价格昂贵，且使用不便，也不如搪瓷熔块耐用。本发明中的遮光使用嵌件代替印刷的遮光，该嵌件起到与印刷在玻璃上的遮光相同的功能，并被层压为玻璃的一部分。

Description

层压嵌件遮光带玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及层压玻璃的领域。
背景技术
在1980年代初期，汽车行业开始从橡胶通道和胶条固定玻璃安装系统变为聚氨酯(PU)胶粘剂安装系统。这样做是为了解决旧技术的不良安全性。安装在通道/胶条上的挡风玻璃在碰撞时经常脱落，使车内人员被甩出车辆。如今，胶条已不再使用，橡胶通道安装架仅用在商用和越野车辆上。
胶条/橡胶槽具有一定的优越性。粘合带很窄，因此可以隐藏从外面的车辆造型或装饰条。橡胶通道覆盖了玻璃的边缘和法兰。
必须进行更改才能使用聚氨酯。为了保证汽车和玻璃之间所需的粘合强度，聚氨酯珠必须比粘合带更宽。因此，要想从装饰条或脚线外面的视角上隐藏粘合剂不太实际，或者说是不可取。另外，需要保护聚氨酯胶粘剂免受紫外线(UV)的影响，以防止长期降解。因此，必须在玻璃上印上黑色搪瓷玻璃原料遮光带，以遮挡车辆外部聚氨酯，并保护聚氨酯免受紫外线伤害。环绕采光口的黑色搪瓷玻璃原料的遮光带通常称为“黑带”。黑色边花通常也用于遮挡安装在挡风玻璃上的其他物品，例如后视镜按钮。
黑色搪瓷玻璃原料由颜料、载体、粘合剂和精磨玻璃组成。有时还会加入其他材料来提高某些性能：烧结温度、防粘性、耐化学性等。在玻璃加热和弯曲之前，用丝印、喷墨或其他印刷工艺将黑色玻璃原料涂在平板玻璃上。在弯曲过程中，玻璃料中的精磨玻璃会软化，并与玻璃表面融合。当这种情况发生时，玻璃原料被“烧制”。这是一个玻璃化的过程，非常类似于在浴室设备、陶器、瓷器和家用电器上涂上搪瓷面漆的过程。
黑色遮光物要同时具有功能性和审美要求。除了阻挡紫外线外，它还必须耐用，在所有暴露和天气条件下都能维持车辆的寿命。黑色遮光物必须是深色，外观光亮，并且在车辆的整个使用寿命内各部分之间保持一致。今天生产的零件必须与20年前生产并投入使用的零件相匹配。这些部件还必须与车内的其他玻璃相匹配，而这些玻璃可能不是由同一家制造商制造的。
尤其注意。黑色玻璃原料与红外(IR)反射涂层以及某些其他功能和美观涂层不兼容。如果将玻璃料放在涂覆侧，则涂料与其发生反应，并被玻璃料降解。同样，黑色玻璃原料可以被涂层降解。如果玻璃是在未涂覆的一面上漆，然后用涂覆的一面朝下进行处理，涂层可能会因为接触到搬运、运输和支撑工具而受损。为了解决这个问题，在一些层压板上，玻璃首先被涂上油漆、烧制，然后涂上涂层，造价高昂。所使用的另一种方法是将涂层应用在内部玻璃层的三号表面上，这不是具有IR反射涂层的最佳配置，然后喷涂外部玻璃层的二号表面。
另外，黑色玻璃原料也与化学回火过程不兼容。化学钢化玻璃是通过将玻璃浸入熔盐浴中制成的。化学回火是离子交换的过程。玻璃表面的离子被熔融盐浴中的较大离子交换。较大的离子使玻璃表面处于压缩状态。由此产生的强度是玻璃成分、镀液、镀液温度和玻璃处理时间的函数。通过这种方式可以实现高达1000GPa的抗压强度。
但是，黑色玻璃原料会干扰离子交换，最后导致无法对使用黑色玻璃料的玻璃进行化学强化。如果必须对玻璃层进行化学强化处理，则不能选择使用烧制的黑色玻璃料。
化学钢化玻璃既可用于生产薄型轻质汽车玻璃，也可用于生产更重、更厚的防弹玻璃(BTG)。
在仅对一层玻璃进行化学回火的轻质层压板上(如今天常见的做法)，可以将黑玻璃原料应用于未经化学回火的层。如果两层都经过化学回火，则不能使用黑色玻璃料。
另一方面，防弹玻璃BRG可以抵抗射弹(子弹)的穿透。BRG层压板利用各种类型的玻璃和塑料的组合来吸收和耗散弹丸的能量，防止渗透并保护车辆的乘员免受射弹和玻璃渣的损伤。另外，BRG玻璃窗通常包括化学强化玻璃层。在BRG层压板中，除了苏打石灰之外，玻璃层还可以包含各种玻璃成分，例如硼硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐，以及经过热或化学强化的玻璃。有时也使用由聚氨酯、丙烯酸和聚碳酸酯组成但不限于聚氨酯的硬质塑料非粘结层。
为应对世界动荡和一些国家未能控制和限制获得军用级武器，用于非军用车辆的BRG玻璃市场一直在高速增长。
另一方面，军用车辆的设计，从概念上讲，一般都具有一定程度的防弹能力。典型的最小玻璃厚度为19毫米(最大50千克/平方米)。为了承受更高的威胁等级，需要最大甚至有时大于150毫米(最大350千克/平方米)的玻璃。这些车辆的开窗设计是为了适应所需的厚重玻璃。另一方面，非军用车辆的玻璃设计要轻得多，厚度在3毫米至6毫米之间。
此外，原厂商(OEM)还提供了一些带有BRG的非军用车辆。BRG版汽车的设计过程是使玻璃适应标准的金属板开口，而不是使汽车适应玻璃。而且，大部分市场由进行BRG改造的售后市场公司占据。售后市场的供应商别无选择，只能在尽可能少的修改的情况下调整玻璃以适应OEM车辆。
一种典型的方法是将外部玻璃层的大小和形状设计为与原来的玻璃层相同，并额外层压的附加层边缘要进行偏移，其尺寸比外部层更小。需要较小的尺寸和偏移量才能使玻璃窗与原始的较薄玻璃安装在相同的开口中。层压板的较小偏移部分通常称为“包装”。外层可以做得更厚，但不能超过可容纳的金属板，同时仍然保持良好的美学。
虽然可能有几层的层压板，但外层属于与车辆结合，并支撑重量的部分。BRG玻璃的外层通过结构粘合剂附着在车辆的金属板上。一个150毫米厚的部分主要由钠钙玻璃制成，每平方米2.6公斤，每平方米可重达350公斤。相比之下，一个典型的5.4毫米挡风玻璃重达13公斤。因此，外层必须非常坚固。在设计为5.4毫米厚挡风玻璃的车辆上，我们可以增加到6毫米，但不会影响车辆的外观。装备BRG车辆的一个理想特性是，它看起来不像装甲车，不会引起不必要的注意。为了获得所需的强度水平，经常使用化学回火。
另一方面，黑色玻璃料可以应用于BRG层压板里面未经化学强化的任何玻璃层。但是，在外玻璃层和“包装”之间存在偏移的BRG层压板中，这不可行，后者是较小的一组玻璃/塑料，可提供很大的抗弹性。
为解决此问题，已经开发了黑色有机油墨。如前所述，黑色遮光物具有功能和美学要求。这些要求很难满足无机玻璃化的黑色玻璃搪瓷，甚至连有机要求都很难满足。虽然有机油墨可用于这一应用，但这种油墨昂贵，以及难以涂覆，成本高昂，并没有无机烧成油墨耐用。有机油墨只能在玻璃弯曲和化学回火后才能使用。组装层压板之前，必须让墨水干燥并固化。
已尝试的其他方法包括在塑料粘合中间层或薄膜上印刷装遮挡，以及使用基本上不透明的塑料中间层。然而，这些方法通常需要使用粘附促进剂，因为染料和颜料往往会干扰夹层与玻璃和刚性塑料层的结合。达到与黑色玻璃原料相同的不透明度也很困难。另一个缺点是直接成本高得多，因为步骤增加，生产量降低，且需要较高的人工。至于防弹部件，玻璃的外层边缘和包装之间存在偏移，这些解决方案不具备所需的强度或耐用性。
如果能够提供无任何要求的遮挡，将会是一个不错的选择。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种添加到层压板叠层中的遮挡嵌件，该遮光嵌件代替了涂覆的搪瓷玻璃料遮光。嵌件由能承受高压灭菌环境的任何见简便材料制成，对塑料粘结层具有良好的粘附力，并通过了所有功能、美学、同源性和寿命测试要求。
为了将嵌件粘在玻璃或塑料上，需要一个额外的粘合层。由于嵌件只需要向内扩展至采光口，因此需要一个透明的垫片来填充嵌件在采光口中所围合的空间。这可以是与塑料粘结层材料相同的附加层，或者是任何其他合适的透明材料，例如聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、丙烯酸、透明陶瓷、PET或玻璃。如果嵌件足够薄，则可能不需要透明的垫片。
本发明的层压制品的一些优点如下：
减少有机涂料和相关成本
更少的时间和劳动力用来组装。
提高耐久性。
完全不透明。
附图说明
图1A所示为有嵌件遮挡的BRG层压板等距视图。
图1B所示为有嵌件遮挡的BRG层压板的侧视图。
图2所示为有嵌件遮挡的BRG层压板的正视图。
图3所示为有嵌件遮挡的BRG层压板的正视图。
图4A所示为有嵌件遮挡的BRG层压板剖视图。
图4B所示为BRG层压板的剖视图，其具有嵌件遮挡和边缘偏移层。
图5A所示为具有嵌件遮挡的层压板的横截面。
图5B所示为具有嵌件遮挡的层压板的横截面。
图6A所示为具有嵌件遮挡的层压板的横截面。
图6B所示为具有嵌件遮挡的层压板的横截面。
图7所示为典型的层压挡风玻璃的横截面。
参考数字
Figure BDA0002350023620000061
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种添加到层压板叠层中的遮光嵌件，该遮光嵌件代替了涂覆的搪瓷玻璃料遮光。本发明的层压材料包括至少一个具有相对设置的主表面的玻璃或刚性透明塑料层，至少一个具有相对设置的主表面的粘合塑料层，具有相对设置的主表面的遮蔽嵌件，至少一个附加的粘合塑料层，具有相对设置的主表面，以及至少一个具有相对设置的主表面的附加玻璃或刚性透明塑料层。
从所示的说明和实施例中得到，遮蔽嵌件位于至少一个和至少一个额外的塑料粘结层的相对面之间，遮蔽嵌件的两个相对的主表面被粘结到至少一个塑料粘结层和至少一个另外的塑料粘结层的相应的相邻主表面上，所述至少一层玻璃或刚性透明塑料层的表面结合到所述至少一层结合层主表面，所述主表面与结合到所述至少一层结合层的遮蔽嵌件的至少一层结合层主表面相反，并且至少一个附加玻璃或刚性透明塑料层的主表面粘结到与该主表面相对的至少一个附加粘结层主表面，该主表面与至少一层粘结层的遮蔽嵌件结合。
嵌件由能承受高压灭菌环境的任何见简便材料制成，对塑料粘结层具有良好的粘附力，并通过了所有功能、美学、同源性和寿命测试要求。在优选的实施例中，插入件可以是钢、铝、塑料或它们的组合。
在一些实施例中，本发明遮蔽嵌件的厚度可以小于第一夹层或第二夹层的总厚度的约四分之一。
为了将嵌件粘在玻璃或塑料上，需要一个额外的粘合层。由于嵌件只需要向内扩展至采光口，因此需要一个透明的垫片来填充嵌件在采光口中所围合的空间。这可以是与塑料粘结层材料相同的附加层，或者是任何其他合适的透明材料，例如聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、丙烯酸、透明陶瓷、PET或玻璃。如果嵌件足够薄，则可能不需要透明的垫片。
可以从层压板的描述中解释本发明。层压板通常是由相对于其长度和宽度的多片薄材料构成的制品，每片薄板具有两个相对设置的主面，通常具有相对均匀的厚度，它们在每个薄板的至少一个主面上永久粘合。
层压板可以由至少两层玻璃制成，外部层或外层201和内部层或内层202，它们通过塑料粘合层4永久粘合在一起。面向车辆外部的玻璃表面被称为表面一101或第一表面。外玻璃层201的相对面是表面二102或第二表面。车辆内部的玻璃表面2称为表面四104或四号表面。玻璃202的内层的相对面是表面三103或三号表面。表面两个102和表面三个103通过塑料中间层4粘结在一起。防弹玻璃可以具有附加的玻璃层和硬质塑料层，应依次编号。将本发明理解为与夹层对应的塑料结合层。
退火玻璃是一种从弯曲温度缓慢冷却到玻璃转变范围的玻璃。这一过程消除了玻璃在弯曲过程中产生的应力。退火后的玻璃破碎成带有锋利边缘的大碎片。当夹层玻璃破碎时，破碎的玻璃碎片被塑料层粘合在一起，类似拼图游戏的碎片，有助于保持玻璃的结构完整性。挡风玻璃破损的车辆仍然可以操作。塑料层4还有助于防止物体从外部撞击层压板，并且在发生碰撞的情况下提高了乘员的稳定性。
不是将遮光印刷在玻璃上，而是将金属或塑料片切成一定尺寸，如果需要的话就上漆，在弯曲后但在高压灭菌器之前，插入层压板中。应该注意的是，许多汽车玻璃上的黑色玻璃原料遮光既起到功能作用，又起到美学作用。玻璃中基本不透明的黑色印记用于保护用于将玻璃粘合到车辆的聚氨酯粘合剂免受紫外线及其引起的降解的影响。它还可以从车辆外部隐藏粘合剂。黑色遮光必须持久耐用，在所有暴露和天气条件下均能保证车辆的使用寿命。作为美学要求，黑色应具有深色光泽外观，并且随着时间的流逝，不会变化。今天生产的零件必须与20年前生产并投入使用的零件相匹配。这些零件还必须与车辆中其他零件(可能不是由同一制造商或相同玻璃料制造的零件)匹配。已经开发出可以满足这些要求的标准汽车黑色搪瓷油墨(熔块)。
另外，将涂层施加到内部玻璃层202的第三表面103上，这不是具有IR反射涂层的最佳配置，并且将外部玻璃层201的第二表面102涂成油漆，有助于避免在搬运、运输和与支撑工具接触时对所述涂层的损害。
因此，如果遮光嵌件6的曲率不太复杂，则可以在高压灭菌过程中制造出与玻璃形状相同的平面和冷弯。否则，在叠层之前，遮光嵌件6必须与玻璃的形状一致。该遮光嵌件6可以分成多段制造，在进行组装，以提高制造成本并使遮光嵌件更好地适应于玻璃的曲面。如前所述，遮光嵌件材料可以从钢、铝和塑料组成的组中选择，也可以选择它们的组合。
冷弯是一项相对较新的技术。顾名思义，玻璃在不加热的情况下弯曲至冷态下的最终形状。在曲率最小的零件上，一块玻璃平板可以冷弯到零件的轮廓。这是可能的，因为随着玻璃厚度的减少，薄板变得越来越灵活，可以弯曲而不会引起较高的应力，从而显著降低长期断裂的可能性。薄的可以弯曲成大半径的圆柱形状(大于6m)。在对玻璃进行化学处理或加热强化后，玻璃可以承受更高的应力水平，并且可以沿两个主轴线弯曲。该工艺主要用于将化学强化的薄玻璃板(<＝1毫米)弯曲成一定形状。
可以在一个方向上形成半径小于4米的圆柱形状。具有复合弯曲的形状，即在两个主轴方向上的曲率，可以形成为在每个方向上的曲率半径小至大约8米。当然，很大程度上取决于部件的表面积以及基底的类型和厚度。
冷弯的玻璃将保持张紧状态，并趋于扭曲作用下和与其结合弯曲层的形状。因此，必须补偿弯曲层以抵消张力。对于具有更高曲率水平的复杂形状，可能需要在冷弯之前将平板玻璃部分热弯。
将要冷弯的玻璃放置在具有预期弯曲形状的层中，并且在要冷弯的玻璃与弯曲的玻璃层之间放置粘结层。将该组件放置在所谓的真空袋中。真空袋是一组不透气的塑料片，将组件围起来并将其边缘粘合在一起，这样可以使空气从组件中排出，并在组件上施加压力以迫使各层接触。然后，将抽空的真空袋中的组件加热以密封组件。接下来将该组件放入高压锅中，加热该组件并形成高压。由于平板玻璃此时已符合弯曲层的形状并已永久固定，完成了冷弯过程。冷弯工艺与本领域中众所周知的标准真空袋/高压釜工艺非常相似，除了将未弯曲的玻璃层添加到玻璃堆叠中。
耐热强化、抗压强度在70MPa以上的全回火碱石灰浮法玻璃，可用于除挡风玻璃以外的所有车辆位置。热强化(回火)玻璃在玻璃的外表面上具有一层高压缩层，通过热冷却的软化玻璃的快速冷却所产生的玻璃内部张力可以达到平衡。当钢化玻璃破裂时，张力和压缩不再平衡，并且玻璃破裂成边缘钝的小珠。钢化玻璃比退火夹层玻璃强得多
另一方面，尽管可以使用其他材料，但发现0.38毫米至1.00毫米范围内的薄钢和铝效果很好。嵌件被塑造为遮盖的形状，然后进行喷涂。使用了高光泽度的黑色粉末涂料，效果极佳。成品层压板的外观很难与有机或玻璃料区别开来，除了金属嵌件具有极好的不透明性。0.05毫米至1毫米范围内的塑料粘结层也可用于某些应用。
另外，需要塑料粘合层以将遮光嵌件粘合到层压板的相邻玻璃或刚性非粘合塑料层上。如果遮光嵌件的厚度太大，则还需要一个透明垫片来填充遮光嵌件的封闭和内侧区域。透明垫片可以由相同的塑料粘合中间层(例如PVB，PU或EVA)或某种其他透明材料(例如丙烯酸、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、PET、玻璃或它们的组合)制成。最好以与遮光嵌件大约相同的厚度制造透明垫片。另外，如果表面的曲率不太复杂，则可以将刚性的透明材料冷弯。可以冷弯的曲率水平取决于厚度、材料类型、相邻层的成分、中间层的厚度以及高压锅循环中可以列举的一些主要因素。
如果遮光嵌件实质上比塑料粘合层的总厚度薄，则可能不需要透明垫片。例如，在本发明的一些实施例中，遮光嵌件的厚度可以在0.05毫米至3.00毫米之间或0.5毫米至1.00毫米之间的任何范围内。对于标准的非BRG汽车挡风玻璃厚度，嵌件的厚度应小于两个相对的塑料粘合层总厚度的1/4。
在没有透明垫片的情况下，可以使用的遮光嵌件的最大厚度将取决于塑料粘结层的材料、所用的高压灭菌循环以及相邻层的成分。较厚较强的层比较薄较弱的层能适应较大的厚度失配。这是因为当不匹配时，厚度会发生变化。塑料粘合层在叠层过程中软化，可以容纳一些厚度上的差异。但是，如果差异大于可容纳的差异，则玻璃将保持张紧状态，这会增加破裂的可能性。较厚的、更坚固的玻璃层可以承受更高的张力。
另一方面，将遮光嵌件6添加到层压板的堆叠中，该遮光嵌件替代了印刷的搪瓷玻璃料遮光。遮光嵌件6由能承受高压灭菌环境的任何见简便材料制成，对塑料粘结层具有良好的粘附力，并通过了所有功能、美学、同源性和寿命测试要求。
包含两个以上的主要玻璃或刚性塑料层的层压板，其遮盖物可能位于任何一组相邻层之间。此外，一块外部玻璃、一块内部玻璃层或一块刚性塑料层具有从遮光嵌件的内侧向外侧偏移的边缘。其中，所述偏移量在10毫米至25毫米之间的范围内。
实施例1
图4A示出了用于军用车辆的BRG层压板的横截面。层压板由以下部件组成：6毫米化学钢化玻璃外层201组成，用于将外部玻璃层201粘结到0.5毫米铝黑粉涂层的遮光嵌件6上的0.5毫米塑料PU中间层4，遮光嵌件6内的0.5毫米的透明垫片8的PU层，用于粘合遮光嵌件6的0.5毫米的塑料PU中间层4，两个透明垫片8和3毫米的内部玻璃层202，用于将3毫米内层玻璃层202与6毫米第三层玻璃层203结合的第一透明垫片8和与之对应的1毫米塑料PU夹层，用于将第三玻璃层203与6毫米聚碳酸酯7层204结合的第二透明垫片8和与之对应的1毫米塑料PU夹层。
实施例2
图1A、1B、2、3和4B显示了民用车辆的BRG层压材料。层压板由以下部件组成：6毫米化学钢化玻璃外层201组成，用于将外部玻璃层201粘结到0.5毫米铝黑粉涂层的遮光嵌件6上的0.5毫米塑料PU中间层4，嵌件内的0.5毫米的透明垫片8的PU层，用于粘合遮光嵌件6的0.5毫米的塑料PU中间层4，一个透明垫片8和3毫米的内部玻璃层202，用于将3毫米内层玻璃层202与6毫米第三层玻璃层203结合的透明垫片8和与之对应的1毫米塑料PU夹层，用于将第三玻璃层203与6毫米聚碳酸酯7层204结合的透明垫片8和与之对应的1毫米塑料PU夹层。外玻璃层201大于包装件20，包装件向内侧偏移，以允许该部件装配到未经改动的、设计用于常规薄安全玻璃车辆的开口中。粉末涂层钢在安装和搬运过程中可能会被刮擦，但从车辆外部看不到任何刮擦。
实施例3
图5A示出了层压板的横截面，该层压板有2.1毫米的外部玻璃层201、0.5毫米的塑料PVB中间层4，该中间层4用于将外部玻璃层201结合到0.5毫米的黑色塑料遮光嵌件6内部的0.5毫米透明垫片8的PVB层中，0.5毫米的塑料PVB中间层4用于将插入层和透明层粘合到对应于内部玻璃层202的0.7毫米化学回火的冷弯玻璃层。
实施例4
图5B所示为有2.1毫米的外部玻璃层201的标准层压板的横截面，该玻璃层201在两个表面102中具有红外反射涂层12，0.5毫米塑料PVB中间层4，用于将外部玻璃层201粘结到0.5毫米透明垫片8上的0.5毫米黑色塑料遮光嵌件6内的PVB层中，0.5毫米塑料PVB中间层4用于将嵌件和透明层粘合到2.1毫米的内部玻璃层202。
实施例5
图6A示出了层压板的横截面。2.1毫米的外玻璃层201和0.7毫米的化学回火内玻璃层202通过两个0.38毫米的PVB塑料中间层4相互粘合在一起。图A中在两个PVB夹层4之间夹有一个0.1毫米的黑色塑料遮光嵌件。
实施例6
图6B示出了具有两层2.1毫米玻璃夹层的标准层压板的横截面，其中外部玻璃层201和内部玻璃层202在外部层201的两个表面102上具有红外反射涂层12，所述红外反射涂层通过两个0.38毫米PVB塑料夹层4彼此结合。图A中在两个PVB夹层4之间夹有一个0.1毫米的黑色塑料遮光嵌件。
本规范中所示和描述的发明的形式代表了说明性的优选实施例，应当理解，可以在不违背下列所述主题中定义的发明精神的情况下进行各种更改。

Claims (19)

1.一种层压板包括：
a)至少一个玻璃或刚性透明塑料层，其主表面相对放置；
b)至少一个粘合塑料层具有相对设置的主面；
c)具有相对设置主面的遮光嵌件；
d)至少一个具有相对设置的主面的附加粘合塑料层；
e)至少有另外一个玻璃或刚性透明塑料层，其主表面相对放置；
其中，遮光嵌件位于至少一个和至少另外一个塑料粘合层的相对面之间；
其中，遮光嵌件的两个相对的主面结合到至少一个塑料粘结层和至少另外一个塑料粘结层的相应的相邻主面上；
其中至少一个玻璃或刚性透明塑料层的表面与至少一个粘接层的主表面相对，至少一个粘接层的主表面与至少一个粘接层的遮光嵌件粘结；
其中至少一个附加的玻璃或刚性透明塑料层的主要表面与至少一个附加的粘结层的主要表面相对，该附加的粘结层与至少一个粘结层的遮蔽插入物相结合。
2.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中遮光嵌件的材料选自钢、铝、塑料或其组合。
3.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中遮光嵌件由多段组成。
4.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中玻璃或刚性塑料层中的至少一层是冷弯的。
5.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，包括热增强玻璃层。
6.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中所有玻璃层都是化学增强。
7.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中玻璃层包括硼硅酸盐玻璃。
8.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中玻璃层包括硅酸铝玻璃。
9.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中遮光嵌件的厚度小于第一中间层或第二中间层的总厚度的四分之一。
10.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中遮光嵌件的厚度为0.05毫米至3.00毫米。
11.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，其中遮光嵌件的厚度为0.5毫米至1.00毫米。
12.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，进一步包括另外的玻璃层或刚性塑料层和粘合层。
13.一种车辆，包括权利要求0所述的层压板。
14.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，还包括至少一块外部玻璃、一块内部玻璃层或一块刚性塑料层，其中刚性塑料层的边缘向遮光嵌件的内侧偏移。
15.根据权利要求14所述的层压板，其中偏移范围在10毫米至25毫米之间。
16.根据权利要求0所述的层压板，还包括透明的垫片，其位于遮光嵌件内，并具有相对布置的主面，其中所述面结合至第一中间层的相对主面和第二个第一中间层的相对主面。
17.根据权利要求16所述的层压板，其中，所述透明间隔物的厚度与遮光嵌件的厚度相同。
18.根据权利要求16所述的层压板，其中透明垫片的材料选自：PVB、PU、EVA、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸、PET、聚氨酯、玻璃或其组合。
19.根据权利要求16所述的层压板，其中透明垫片冷弯制成。
CN201880044461.5A 2017-07-02 2018-07-02 层压嵌件遮光带玻璃 Pending CN110831764A (zh)

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