CN110819676B - A kind of extraction method of flax protein - Google Patents
A kind of extraction method of flax protein Download PDFInfo
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/006—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from vegetable materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
本发明涉及植物加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种亚麻蛋白的提取方法。该方法以亚麻籽仁粕为原料，采用了限制酶解多介质提取亚麻蛋白粉的方法，其中以酶量为5000U～9000U/g物料的复合蛋白酶限制性酶解，结合纯水介质、溶解有NaOH浓度0.02～0.05mol/L的稀碱介质、溶解有NaCl质量分数为0.60％～1.20％的稀盐介质靶向提取亚麻蛋白，该方法亚麻蛋白的含量≥91％，亚麻蛋白的提取率≥89％，蛋白质的溶解度(氮溶指数NSI)达86％以上，工艺连贯，条件温和，规模提取，最大限度的获得了高附加值的亚麻优质蛋白粉。The invention relates to the technical field of plant processing, in particular to a method for extracting flax protein. The method uses flaxseed meal as raw material, and adopts the method of extracting flax protein powder with limited enzymatic hydrolysis multi-media. The dilute alkali medium with NaOH concentration of 0.02-0.05mol/L and the dilute salt medium with NaCl mass fraction of 0.60%-1.20% dissolved in a targeted extraction of flax protein, the content of flax protein in this method is greater than or equal to 91%, and the extraction rate of flax protein is greater than or equal to 89%, the protein solubility (nitrogen solubility index NSI) is over 86%, the process is coherent, the conditions are mild, and the scale extraction can maximize the acquisition of high-value flax high-quality protein powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant processing, in particular to a method for extracting flax protein.
Background
Flax (Linum usittissimum L.) is one of the earliest bast fiber crops and oil crops used by human beings, and is divided into three types of flax with oil, fiber and oil fiber functions, and the seeds can be used for squeezing oil. Flaxseed has become the seventh world oil crop and the fourth traditional oil crop in our country. The linseed contains rich nutrient components, and the sum of the contents of crude protein, fat and total sugar is as high as 84.07%. With the technological progress, the nutritional function and bioactive components of flaxseed are gradually discovered and recognized by researchers, firstly, the flaxseed oil accounts for 42-66% of the weight of flaxseed or flaxseed kernel, contains 14-18% of linoleic acid and up to 45-52% of linolenic acid, and is greatly helpful for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Following fish oil, linseed oil becomes another important source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Secondly, the flax protein accounts for 18 to 22 percent of the weight of the flax seeds, and the protein content in the oil-pressed and degreased flax seed meal or the flax seed kernel meal is up to between 20 and 53 percent. Compared with soybean protein, flax protein is rich in edestin, consists of multi-branched amino acid (BCAA) and low Aromatic Amino Acid (AAA), has the amino acid pattern with high contents of isoleucine, valine, methionine, arginine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid and the characteristic of high Fisher ratio (BACC/AAA), and has certain effect of improving the immunologic function of human body and the antioxidation level of the human body. Besides two functional nutritional ingredients of linseed oil and flax protein, linseed is also rich in a plurality of bioactive ingredients, such as water-soluble dietary fiber-linseed gum, which is mainly polysaccharide, has high viscosity, strong water retention, excellent emulsibility, foamability and stability, can reduce blood fat, delay the absorption of sugar, enhance gastrointestinal function, reduce cholesterol level, and has the functions of losing weight, beautifying and nourishing and protecting the key. In recent years, researchers have found that linseed, among various sources, contains the highest content of lignans, which is a bioactive component of phytoestrogens similar to human estrogens in structure, especially Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) with a content much higher than that of other crops, and the SECO is an important phytoestrogen with weak estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, and has various biological activities including oxidation resistance, virus resistance, tumor resistance and the like. Because the flax seeds and the oil-pressed flax seed meal thereof are rich in high-quality protein and various bioactive components, the flax seeds and the flax seed meal are researched all over the world, and the development and utilization of the bioactive components in the flax proteins and the flax seed meal with functional characteristics become a research hotspot of functional food and medical health care ingredients.
At present, most of flaxseed cakes obtained by using flaxseeds as raw materials to extract oil are discarded, are not deeply processed and have low utilization rate. This is mainly because the conventional pressing and leaching methods are mostly used to extract oil from linseed, and the related oil extraction thermal process and process selection are very unfavorable for the stabilization of linseed oil and the deep processing of the cake after oil extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the research on the basis of the content distribution, the dissolution characteristics, the extraction and separation, the refining and purification, the functional application and the like of the protein and the bioactive components in the flaxseed meal. The flax seed tissue is composed of two major parts of seed kernel and seed shell (seed coat) which are composed of embryo, cotyledon and endosperm. Flaxseed is dehulled (dehulled) to provide flaxseed kernels and flaxseed hulls in a ratio of about 54: 46. The effective components in the peeled flax seeds are enriched. The flax seed kernel is rich in fat and protein, accounting for more than 66% and nearly 20% respectively, the flax seed husk also contains a small amount of protein, while lignans, dietary fibers and flaxseed gum are mainly distributed on the flax seed husk (China Oils and Fats,2012, Vol.37 No. 12: 64-66). When the linseed gum with high viscosity, strong water absorption and strong emulsibility in the linseed degreased meal is too much, the extraction of the flax protein can be influenced and the difficulty of protein separation is increased, and the low-colloid and high-protein linseed kernel meal obtained by mechanically peeling (husking) the flaxseeds and then extracting the oil by subcritical fluid at low temperature is one of the preferred raw materials for extracting and producing the high-purity flax protein. Many reports report that proteins in many plant seeds can be classified into four major classes, water-soluble proteins, salt-soluble proteins, alkali-soluble proteins and alcohol-soluble proteins, according to solubility classification. Foreign researchers have studied the solubility of proteins in linseed, and found that water-soluble protein (in terms of nitrogen) accounts for 28% -35%, alkali-soluble protein accounts for 32% -38%, salt-soluble protein accounts for 23% -26%, and prolamin accounts for about 2% -4% (Agriculture Food Chemistry,1985,33: 1219-. The document for extracting the flax protein by using the flax seed meal in China is few, and the report of large-scale production of the flax protein is not seen. In recent years, extraction of animal and vegetable proteins by enzymatic methods has become an important means for development and production of high-quality protein powders. But the method can not realize the extraction of the protein in the linseed meal with high purity and high yield only by utilizing enzyme.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for extracting flax protein, which utilizes enzymolysis of protein in flaxseed meal by using compound protease, and adopts a multi-medium dissolution targeted extraction method to finally obtain a high-concentration protein solution, thereby providing a feasible scheme for realizing the preparation of flax protein with high purity, high yield and high solubility.
The extraction method of flax protein provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out enzymolysis on flaxseed meal by using compound protease, carrying out water extraction, and separating an extracting solution and dregs;
step 2: extracting the dregs obtained in the step 1 by using 0.02-0.03 mol/L NaOH solution, and separating an extracting solution and the dregs;
and step 3: extracting the dregs in the step 2 by using a NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 0.6-0.8%, and separating an extracting solution and the dregs;
and 4, step 4: mixing the extracting solutions obtained in the step 1-3, and filtering, centrifuging, desalting and decoloring to obtain a flax protein solution;
wherein, the compound protease in the step 1 consists of neutral protease and special proteolytic enzyme.
In the invention, the dosage of the compound protease is 5000-9000U/g of meal. In the embodiment of the invention, the dosage of the compound protease is 6000-9000U/g of meal. In some specific embodiments, the dosage of the complex enzyme is 6000U/g of meal material, 8000U/g of meal material and 9000U/g of meal material.
In the invention, the mass ratio of neutral protease to alkaline protease in the composite protease (2-5) is 1. In the specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the neutral protease to the alkaline protease is (3-5): 1; specifically 3:1, 4:1 or 5: 1.
In some embodiments, step 1 comprises: mixing the linseed meal with 6-8 times of water by mass, adding 6000-9000U/g of compound protease of meal, carrying out enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation; and then adding water with the mass 7-9 times of that of the raw materials, and extracting for 60min at 50 ℃.
In some embodiments, step 1 comprises: mixing the linseed meal with water with the mass of 8 times, adding 8000U/g of compound protease of the meal, carrying out enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation; adding water 7 times the weight of the raw materials, and extracting at 50 deg.C for 60 min.
In some embodiments, step 1 comprises: mixing linseed meal with 7 times of water by mass, adding 6000U/g of compound protease of meal, carrying out enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation; adding water 8 times the weight of the raw materials, and extracting at 50 deg.C for 60 min.
In some embodiments, step 1 comprises: mixing linseed meal with 6 times of water by mass, adding 9000U/g of compound protease of meal, performing enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, and deactivating enzyme at high temperature; adding water 6 times the weight of the raw materials, and extracting at 50 deg.C for 60 min.
The enzymolysis is carried out in the stirring, and the rotating speed of the stirring is 25 rpm.
After the extraction in the step 1, a method for separating the extracting solution from the dregs is a vibrating screen, and a screen mesh of the vibrating screen is 100-200 meshes.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the slag to the NaOH solution in the step 1 is 1: 8; the extraction condition in step 2 is extraction at 45 ℃ for 60 min. The mass fraction of the NaOH solution in the step 2 is 0.02mol/L or 0.03 mol/L. Step 2 the stirring speed during extraction is 25 rpm. And 2, after extraction in the step 2, a method for separating the extracting solution from the slag is a vibrating screen, and a screen mesh of the vibrating screen is 100-200 meshes.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the slag to the NaCl solution in the step 2 is 1: 6; the extraction condition in step 3 is extraction at 40 ℃ for 50 min. The mass fraction of the NaCl solution in the step 3 is 0.8mol/L or 0.6 mol/L. Step 3 the stirring speed during extraction is 25 rpm. And 3, after extraction in the step 3, a method for separating the extracting solution from the slag is a vibrating screen, and a screen mesh of the vibrating screen is 100-200 meshes.
In the invention, in the step 4, the filtering diameter is 800 meshes; the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 5500rpm, and the time is 15 min; the desalting adopts a cation exchange resin column; and the decoloration is filtered by adopting activated carbon. And a plate-and-frame filter press is adopted for filtering. The centrifugation adopts a disc centrifuge, and the material temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃ during the centrifugation. The desalted ion exchange column was on 001X 16 cation resin. The decolored active carbon is 100-200 mesh powder.
In the invention, the flax protein solution is further subjected to concentration and drying;
the concentration conditions are 65-75 ℃, 600-700 kPa, and vacuum concentration is carried out.
In the invention, the extracted raw material is linseed meal, and in the specific embodiment, the raw material is linseed meal with the oil content of not more than 2%. The specific raw material is flaxseed kernel meal with medium husking, low colloid content and high degreasing and protein content, which is obtained by optimally treating flaxseeds in the working procedures of impurity removal, drying, puffing, husking (husking), embryo pressing, granulation, oil extraction by a subcritical solvent, desolventizing, crushing and the like, wherein the temperature of the treated materials in the optimized working procedures is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and the oil content of the flaxseed kernel meal is less than or equal to 2%.
The flax protein prepared by the method of the invention.
The flax protein prepared by the method is powdery, the protein content is 91-93%, and the flax protein has good safety because the extraction process is mild and no organic solvent is introduced, and can be used for preparing food. The food of the invention comprises common food, health care product or formula food for special medical use.
Food containing flax protein prepared by the method of the invention.
The invention provides a method for extracting flax protein, which takes flax seed kernel meal as a raw material and adopts a method for extracting flax protein powder by using multiple limited enzymolysis media, wherein the flax protein is extracted by using a compound protease with the enzyme amount of 5000-9000U/g of material for restriction enzymolysis, and combining a pure water medium, a dilute alkali medium dissolved with 0.02-0.05 mol/L of NaOH concentration and a dilute salt medium dissolved with 0.60-1.20 mass percent of NaCl, the content of the flax protein is more than or equal to 91 percent, the extraction rate of the flax protein is more than or equal to 89 percent, the solubility (nitrogen solubility index NSI) of the protein is more than 86 percent, the process is coherent, the conditions are mild, the large-scale extraction is carried out, and the flax high-quality protein powder with high added value is obtained to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the extraction process of flax protein powder.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for extracting flax protein, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately improve process parameters by referring to the content. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for extracting flax protein powder, which selects flax seed kernel dregs with low colloid content and high protein content after shelling as raw materials, adopts a method for extracting flax protein in a targeted manner by using a plurality of mediums of limited enzymolysis, and comprises the following steps: puffing and cooling flaxseeds in proper microwave, feeding the flaxseeds into a huller to impact hulling and a material throwing disc for centrifugal separation to obtain hulled flaxseeds, extracting oil by subcritical fluid (medium), placing obtained degreased (deoiled) flaxseed meal into a jacket heating extraction tank with shearing, adding pure water and compound protease according to a material-liquid ratio and an enzyme dosage required by enzymolysis, starting a shearing machine, controlling the temperature and the shearing speed, inactivating enzyme at high temperature after the enzymolysis is finished, supplementing frozen pure water according to the material-liquid ratio of water extraction, cooling to an extraction temperature, closing the shearing machine after the water extraction is finished, starting a vacuum pump, pumping a water enzyme extracting solution in the extraction tank onto a vibrating screen for primary separation of pulp and residue, and collecting a water enzyme extracting protein solution (primary separation emulsion) in a storage tank. And returning the separated primary slag to the extraction tank, sequentially adding pure water and edible alkali solution according to the material-liquid ratio and the alkali consumption of alkali extraction, controlling the temperature, the extraction time and the shearing speed, performing secondary separation of pulp and slag according to the separation operation of the vibrating screen after extraction is finished, and collecting alkali-extracted protein liquid (secondary separation emulsion) in a storage tank. And pumping the separated secondary slag back to the extraction tank again, sequentially adding pure water and edible salt dissolving liquid according to the material-liquid ratio of salt extraction and the salt dosage, controlling the temperature, the extraction time and the shearing speed, and after the extraction is finished, performing three times of separation of slurry and slag by the vibration screen separation operation, wherein the residues are not extracted any more. And then mixing the collected salt extraction protein liquid (third separation milk) and the protein liquid (first and second separation milk) extracted in the previous second time in a storage tank, adjusting the pH of the mixed liquid to be neutral, performing plate-and-frame filter pressing and disc centrifugation, desalting the obtained clear protein liquid by an ion exchange column, decoloring by active carbon, performing vacuum concentration and spray drying, and finally obtaining the high-content and high-yield flax protein powder.
The compound protease selected in the water enzyme extraction is prepared by compounding purchased neutral protease and alkaline protease according to the mass ratio of 2-5: 1(g/g), the dosage of the protease is 5000U-9000U/g of materials, the material-liquid ratio is 1: 8-12, the pH is neutral, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 30-60 min. After enzymolysis, the temperature of an extraction tank is raised to 95 ℃, enzyme is inactivated for 5min, water is added for cooling and extraction, the water addition amount is 5-10 times of that of the processed materials, the water extraction temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the extraction time is 50-90 min. Stirring speed is 20-30 rpm during enzymolysis and extraction.
The concentration of NaOH in the dilute alkali extracting solution selected in the extraction is 0.02-0.05 mol/L, the material-liquid ratio is 1: 6-10, the extraction temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the extraction time is 60-100 min. The mass fraction of NaCl in the selected dilute salt extracting solution is 0.60-1.20%, the material-liquid ratio is 1: 4-8, the extracting temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the extracting time is 60-90 min. The stirring speed is 20-30 rpm during extraction.
The operations of separation, refining, concentration, drying and the like are all operated by adopting traditional equipment and methods, a vibrating screen (with a screen mesh of 100-200 meshes) is used for separating to obtain undersize extract slurry and oversize separation residues, plate-and-frame filter pressing (with filter cloth of 500-800 meshes) and disc centrifugation (with the rotating speed of 4500-6500 rpm for 15-25 min) are used for obtaining a clear protein solution, a 001 x 16 cation exchange resin column is used for desalting and activated carbon (powder with 100-200 meshes) is used for decoloring to obtain a refined protein solution, and high-content flax protein powder is obtained through vacuum concentration (with the vacuum degree of 600-700 KPa) and spray drying. In order to achieve the purpose of maximum dissolution targeted extraction, the method adopts the combination of limited enzymolysis and water, alkali and salt multi-medium extraction, the limited enzymolysis promotes the spatial depolymerization of protein in the extraction process, the solubility of the flax protein is increased, and the multi-medium step-by-step extraction can dissolve out water-soluble protein, alkali-soluble protein and salt-soluble protein to the maximum extent to obtain a high-concentration flax protein extracting solution. Mixing the three extracting solutions, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, performing plate-frame filter pressing, disc centrifugation, ion exchange column desalination, activated carbon decoloration and other operations to obtain refined flax protein milk, concentrating the flax protein milk to 35-45% of solid content under the vacuum condition of the temperature of about 70 ℃ and 600-700 KPa, and finally performing spray drying on the concentrated flax protein liquid to obtain the flax protein powder with the content of 90-93%.
The pretreatment for preparing the linseed kernel meal is a treatment method which is preferably combined from the working procedures of impurity removal, drying, puffing, peeling (shelling), embryo pressing, granulation, oil extraction by a subcritical solvent, desolventization, crushing and the like, wherein the temperature of materials to be treated in the preferred working procedures is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and the oil content of the linseed kernel meal is less than or equal to 2%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the whole operation is based on scientific principles of content distribution, dissolution characteristics, separation and refining and the like of protein in flaxseeds, flaxseed kernel meal with low colloid content and high protein is taken as an extraction raw material, and a method for extracting the flaxseed protein by using a plurality of limiting enzymolysis media is adopted, so that the influence of colloid substances in the flaxseeds on the extraction process is greatly reduced, and the content, yield and solubility of the flaxseed protein are improved to the greatest extent.
2) The method combines the vibration sieve separation, plate-frame filter pressing, disc centrifugal multi-stage pulp-residue separation, ion exchange column desalination and active carbon decoloration secondary refining to prepare the high-content and high-purity flax protein liquid, so that the energy consumption of the subsequent vacuum concentration and spray drying operation is lower.
3) The process has the advantages of standard operation, mild condition, coherent process and high extraction efficiency, and is beneficial to the comprehensive utilization of raw materials and high-added-value processing.
The instruments adopted by the invention are all common commercial products and can be purchased in the market.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
Taking a linseed kernel meal raw material, putting the linseed kernel meal raw material into an extraction tank, adding pure water 8 times the weight of the raw material and compound protease (neutral protease: alkaline protease mass ratio is 5:1, g/g) with enzyme dosage of 8000U/g meal for enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, immediately heating at 95 ℃ for 5min for enzyme deactivation, adding pure water 7 times the weight of the raw material, controlling the temperature to 50 ℃ for extraction for 60min, separating aqueous enzyme extract through a vibrating screen, and collecting primary extracted protein liquid; putting the primary separated slag into an extraction tank, adding pure water with the weight 8 times that of the raw materials and NaOH with the concentration of 0.03mol/L, controlling the temperature to be 45 ℃, extracting for 60min, separating the alkali extract by a vibrating screen, and collecting secondary extracted protein liquid; and putting the secondary separated slag into an extraction tank, adding pure water 6 times the weight of the raw materials and NaCl 0.80% of the mass fraction, controlling the temperature to extract for 50min, separating the salt extract by a vibrating screen, collecting the protein liquid extracted for three times, and finally, not extracting the separated slag any more. Stirring speed is 25rpm during enzymolysis and extraction, and a screen mesh for a vibrating screen is 100-200 meshes.
Mixing the flax protein liquid extracted in the third time, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, performing plate-frame filter pressing (filter cloth is 500-800 meshes), disc centrifugation (rotating speed of 5500 rpm/time is 15min), 001 multiplied by 16 cation exchange column desalination, activated carbon decoloration and other operations to obtain refined flax protein milk, concentrating the refined flax protein milk to obtain flax protein concentrated solution with the solid content of 35-45% under the vacuum condition of the temperature of about 70 ℃ and the temperature of 600-700 KPa, and finally performing spray drying to obtain the flax protein powder, wherein the protein content of the flax protein concentrated solution is 92.55%, the extraction rate is 89.61%, and the solubility of the protein (nitrogen solubility index NSI) is 86.61%.
Example 2
Taking a linseed kernel meal raw material, putting the linseed kernel meal raw material into an extraction tank, adding pure water 7 times the weight of the raw material and compound protease (neutral protease: alkaline protease mass ratio is 4:1, g/g) with the dosage of 6000U/g meal for enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, then heating at 95 ℃ for 5min for enzyme deactivation, adding pure water 8 times the weight of the raw material, extracting at 50 ℃ for 60min, separating a water enzyme extracting solution through a vibrating screen, and collecting a primary extracted protein solution; putting the primary separated slag into an extraction tank, adding pure water with the weight 8 times that of the raw materials and NaOH with the concentration of 0.02mol/L, controlling the temperature to be 45 ℃, extracting for 60min, separating the alkali extract by a vibrating screen, and collecting secondary extracted protein liquid; and putting the secondary separated slag into an extraction tank, adding pure water 6 times the weight of the raw materials and NaCl 0.60% of the mass fraction, controlling the temperature to extract for 60min at 40 ℃, separating the salt extract by using a vibrating screen, collecting the protein liquid extracted for three times, and finally, not extracting the separated slag any more. Stirring speed is 25rpm during enzymolysis and extraction, and a screen mesh for a vibrating screen is 100-200 meshes.
Mixing the flax protein liquid extracted in the third time, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, performing plate-frame filter pressing (filter cloth is 500-800 meshes), disc centrifugation (rotating speed of 5500 rpm/time is 15min), 001 multiplied by 16 cation exchange column desalination, activated carbon decoloration and other operations to obtain refined flax protein milk, concentrating the refined flax protein milk to a flax protein concentrated solution with the solid content of 35-45% under the vacuum condition of the temperature of about 70 ℃ and 600-700 KPa, and finally performing spray drying to obtain the flax protein powder, wherein the protein content of the flax protein powder is 91.81%, the extraction rate is 89.52%, and the solubility of the protein (nitrogen solubility index NSI) is 86.32%.
Example 3
Taking a linseed kernel meal raw material, putting the linseed kernel meal raw material into an extraction tank, adding pure water 6 times the weight of the raw material and compound protease (the mass ratio of neutral protease to alkaline protease is 3:1, g/g) with the enzyme dosage of 9000U/g meal for enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, then heating at 95 ℃ for 5min for enzyme deactivation, adding pure water 9 times the weight of the raw material, controlling the temperature to 50 ℃ for extraction for 60min, and separating and collecting primary extracted protein liquid through a vibrating screen; putting the primary separated slag into an extraction tank, adding pure water with the weight 8 times that of the raw materials and NaOH with the concentration of 0.03mol/L, controlling the temperature to be 45 ℃, extracting for 60min, separating the alkali extract by a vibrating screen, and collecting secondary extracted protein liquid; and putting the secondary separated slag into an extraction tank, adding pure water 6 times the weight of the raw materials and NaCl 0.80% of the mass fraction, controlling the temperature to extract for 50min, separating the salt extract by a vibrating screen, collecting the protein liquid extracted for three times, and finally, not extracting the separated slag any more. Stirring speed is 25rpm during enzymolysis and extraction, and a screen mesh for a vibrating screen is 100-200 meshes.
Mixing the flax protein liquid extracted in the third time, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, performing plate-frame filter pressing (filter cloth is 500-800 meshes), disc centrifugation (rotating speed of 5500 rpm/time of 15min), 001 multiplied by 16 cation exchange resin column desalination, activated carbon decoloration and other operations to obtain refined flax protein milk, concentrating the flax protein milk to a flax protein concentrated solution with the solid content of 35-45% under the vacuum condition of the temperature of about 70 ℃ and 600-700 KPa, and finally performing spray drying to obtain the flax protein powder, wherein the protein content of the flax protein powder is 91.35%, the extraction rate is 89.30%, and the solubility of the protein (nitrogen solubility index NSI) is 86.13%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The extraction method of flax protein is characterized by comprising the following four steps:
step 1: mixing linseed meal with 6-8 times of water by mass, adding 6000-9000U/g of compound protease of meal, performing enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min, performing high-temperature enzyme deactivation, adding 7-9 times of water by mass of raw materials, extracting at 50 ℃ for 60min, and separating an extracting solution and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of neutral protease to alkaline protease in the compound protease is (2-5): 1;
step 2: extracting the dregs obtained in the step 1 by using 0.02-0.03 mol/L NaOH solution, separating an extracting solution and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the dregs to the NaOH solution is 1:8, and the extraction condition is that the dregs are extracted for 60min at 45 ℃;
and step 3: extracting the dregs in the step 2 by using a NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 0.6-0.8%, separating an extracting solution and the dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the dregs to the NaCl solution is 1:6, and the extracting condition is that the dregs are extracted for 50min at 40 ℃;
and 4, step 4: mixing the extracting solutions obtained in the step 1-3, filtering through 800 meshes, centrifuging at 5500rpm for 15min, desalting through a cation exchange resin column, and filtering and decoloring through activated carbon to obtain a flax protein solution;
the compound protease in the step 1 is composed of neutral protease and alkaline protease, and the using amount of the compound protease is 6000-9000U/g of meal.
2. The extraction process according to claim 1, characterized in that said flax protein solution is further subjected to a step of concentration and drying;
the concentration conditions are 65-75 ℃, 600-700 kPa, and vacuum concentration is carried out.
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