CN110804702A - Concentrate nozzle for flash smelting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a concentrate nozzle for flash smelting, comprising a dispersion air channel (1), a swirl air channel (2), a concentrate channel (3), a regulating cone (4), a water jacket (5) and A diversion cone (6), a swirl vane (7) is installed on the bottom inner wall of the swirl air passage (2), and a process air chamber is also provided between the adjustment cone (4) and the water jacket (5). (8), the bottom of the process air chamber (8) is provided with a process air outlet (9), and the guide cone (6) is provided with a number of evenly distributed dispersion holes. In the present invention, the concentrate particles are uniformly dispersed under the action of the swirling wind by first mixing the concentrate with the swirling wind, so as to achieve the premixing effect; The dispersing air coming out of the dispersing hole (10) further disperses the concentrate moving there, so that the degree of mixing with the peripheral process air is more sufficient and uniform.

Description

A concentrate nozzle for flash smelting

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of copper smelting, in particular, to a concentrate nozzle for flash smelting.

Background technique

Flash furnace is a kind of enhanced smelting equipment invented by Finland Outokumpu Company for processing powdery sulfide minerals. In the flash smelting process of copper, the concentrate nozzle is the core component, which is located at the top of the reaction tower. The copper concentrate, process air and dispersed air are sprayed into the reaction tower through the concentrate nozzle, and the concentrate and the reaction gas are mixed and the combustion reaction occurs. , oxidize to form slag and matte, and release a lot of heat. Therefore, the uniformity of the mixture of concentrate and reaction gas plays a decisive role in the oxidation reaction of concentrate. If the mixture is not well mixed, ignition delay may occur, affecting the mass transfer and heat transfer rate of the entire combustion reaction, and even partial unreacted The material directly falls into the sedimentation tank, forming the phenomenon of "down raw meal", resulting in the deterioration of the furnace condition of the reaction tower, the increase in the content of ferric oxide in the slag, the difficulty in copper and slag discharge, and the increase in the incidence of soot and the SO2 in the soot. ₃ The generation rate increases, and the utilization efficiency of oxygen decreases obviously.

At present, the concentrate nozzles used in flash smelting in my country's smelters are mostly central jet diffusion type concentrate nozzles. , the process air outlet speed is adjusted steadily and steplessly, so that the concentrate in the reaction tower is mixed with the oxygen-enriched air. However, with the continuous increase of the production capacity of the reaction tower and the continuous increase of the smelting intensity, the occurrence rate of abnormal conditions such as lower and lower raw meal, material segregation, furnace body overheating and soot rate increase in production has increased significantly. The existing concentrate nozzle structure has been It can not well meet the needs of full mixing and rapid reaction of gas materials in the furnace under the condition of high feed rate.

Patent CN200880105946.7 discloses a concentrate nozzle. On the basis of the existing concentrate nozzle, it is provided with guide vanes in the air chamber to provide a corresponding rotating air flow field. The concentrate nozzle set in this way has a complicated manufacturing process. And after the setting, when the reaction gas passes through the bird's nest water jacket and reaches the top of the flash furnace, the intensity of the rotating air flow field has been reduced and weakened, which cannot meet the expected requirements. Unexpected phenomenon, poor effect.

Patent CN201410725685.6 discloses a cyclone concentrate nozzle. On the basis of the existing concentrate nozzle, a cyclone bird's nest water jacket capable of forming a rotating wind is fixed on the lower end of the air chamber. A cyclone pipe capable of forming a rotating wind is fixed at the lower end of the outer layer, and the wind direction of the rotating wind generated by the cyclone bird's nest water jacket and the cyclone pipe is the same. The nozzle manufacturing process is complex, and the mixing effect of the gas rotating into the furnace and the concentrate has not been significantly enhanced. When entering the reaction tower, the strength of the rotating air flow field does not meet the expected requirements. The concentrate nozzle still has uneven mixing of materials and no significant effect. .

Patents CN201020284998.X and CN201110208013.4 disclose two methods, both of which are to completely arrange the concentrate on the outer ring of the reaction air swirl, and rely on the swirl expansion to drive the movement of the concentrate particles to form a high-speed rotating mixed vortex. Fluid and complete mass transfer and heat transfer between gas particles. However, due to the large amount of swirling fluid entrained outside, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas after the reaction is returned to the top of the reaction tower, resulting in excessively fast loss of the top of the reaction tower; the swirling flow intensity can be adjusted but difficult to control; the reaction gas diffuses from the inside to the outside. When reaching the outer ring of the material ring, most of the oxygen has been consumed, so that the concentrate particles in the outer ring of the material ring cannot be oxidized.

The patent CN201510078260.5 discloses a spinning flotation smelting method, which sprays powdery sulfide concentrate and oxygen-containing gas into the space of a high-temperature reaction tower through equipment. Before entering the equipment, the oxygen-containing gas is divided into two parts: the second oxygen-containing gas is sprayed into the reaction tower in a ring-shaped direct current manner to form a bell-shaped air curtain; the first oxygen-containing gas is converted into a rotating jet through the equipment, Shot in the center of the screen. In the annular space between the two airflows, the concentrate enters in a direction deviating from the center, and is drawn into by the rotating jet and sucks the high-temperature flue gas from the lower part of the reaction tower to form a two-phase rotating jet with mixed gas particles. When the sulfide concentrate is ignited at high temperature, a violent combustion reaction occurs with oxygen and SO2-rich flue gas is released, and a mixed melt containing matte (or metal) and slag is formed, and finally at the bottom of the reaction tower, matte (or metal) is formed. or metal) is separated from the slag to complete the metallurgical process. However, its adaptability to feeding is poor, and the reaction effect is better when the feeding amount is larger, but when the feeding amount is changed, especially when the feeding amount is small, the furnace condition becomes worse, and the phenomenon of unloading raw meal occurs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a concentrate nozzle for flash smelting, so as to solve the technical problems of low mass transfer and heat transfer rate, serious smoke pollution and the like.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a concentrate nozzle for flash smelting, including a dispersion air channel, a swirl air channel, a concentrate channel, an adjustment cone, a water jacket and a diversion cone, the dispersion air channel, The swirl air channel, the concentrate channel, the adjustment cone, and the water jacket are arranged and distributed in sequence from the inner to the outer with the same central axis, and the diversion cone is connected to the outlet end of the dispersing air channel;

A swirl vane is bolted on the inner wall of the swirl air passage;

Preferably, the vertical position of the swirl vanes in the swirl wind channel can be adjusted to increase or decrease the mixing space of the concentrate and the swirl wind.

Preferably, the angle of the swirl blade in the horizontal direction in the swirl wind channel is adjustable to change the swirl wind outlet angle of the swirl wind;

Preferably, the angle adjustment range of the swirl vanes is 0-60 degrees.

An adjustment cone is arranged between the concentrate channel and the water jacket, and the adjustment cone includes an upper cone, a cylinder and a lower cone, the upper cone is connected with the upper end face of the cylinder, and the lower cone is connected with the lower end face of the cylinder;

Preferably, a process air chamber is further provided between the adjustment cone and the water jacket, and a process air outlet is provided at the bottom of the process air chamber.

As a further solution of the present invention: a lifting device is also provided on the adjustment cone, and the lifting or lowering is realized by the lifting and hanging of the lifting device, so as to adjust the gap between the adjustment cone and the process air outlet to control the flow rate of the process air outlet. wind speed;

Preferably, the lifting device may be a pulley mechanism or other telescopic lifting mechanism.

As a further solution of the present invention: in order to realize more complete and uniform mixing of the material flowing out of the concentrate outlet with the process air, the process air outlet is located above the concentrate outlet.

The diversion cone comprises an inlet end, a connecting end, a dispersing surface and a bottom end surface, the central axes of the bottom end surface and the dispersing surface are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the connecting end is an inner arc structure;

Preferably, a plurality of first dispersion holes uniformly distributed in multiple layers are fixedly arranged on the distribution surface, and a plurality of second dispersion holes uniformly distributed are arranged on the bottom end surface;

Preferably, in order to achieve uniform dispersion of the dispersed wind to the surrounding in a horizontal direction, the dispersing surface has an inverted cone structure, and the angle of the inverted cone is preferably set to 60 degrees.

As a further solution of the present invention: in order to realize the mixing of the swirl air flowing out of the swirl air channel with the concentrate in the concentrate channel, the swirl outlet of the swirl air channel is arranged above the concentrate outlet of the concentrate channel.

As a further solution of the present invention: in order to make the space for the mixture to enter the flash furnace through the dispersing surface wider, the dispersing air channel, the concentrate channel and the adjusting cone extend into the flash furnace.

As a further scheme of the present invention: the working method of the concentrate nozzle provided by the present invention, its specific working method is as follows:

A. The concentrate enters through the concentrate passage, and the swirl wind entering the swirl wind passage makes the swirl wind travel to the swirl wind outlet under the action of the swirl blades in the concentrate passage to form a swirl flow, thereby driving the concentrate in a swirl state Mixing at the bottom to form a mixture of air and concentrate;

B. The mixture continues to descend in a swirling state;

C. At the same time, the dispersing air entering the dispersing air channel descends to the first dispersing hole and the second dispersing hole, and the technological air entering the process air chamber descends to the technological air outlet;

D. Under the dispersing action of the dispersing holes on the dispersing surface, a part of the mixture continues to diffuse outward along the dispersing surface, and the other part of the mixture enters the furnace in a swirling state. The mixture is fully and uniformly mixed with the process air from the process air outlet.

Applying the technical scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) In the present invention, the concentrate particles are uniformly dispersed under the action of the swirling wind by first mixing the concentrate with the swirling wind, so as to achieve the premixing effect; the premixed mixture is passed through the diversion cone and comes out from the dispersion holes on the dispersing surface The dispersing wind makes the concentrate moving here further dispersed, so that the degree of mixing with the surrounding process wind is more sufficient and uniform.

(2) In the present invention, the swirl blades can be moved up or down to increase or decrease the mixing space of the concentrate and the swirl wind, so as to effectively control the swirl wind speed at the swirl wind outlet.

(3) In the present invention, the angle between the swirl blades and the horizontal direction can also be changed to change the swirl wind outlet angle of the swirl wind, so that the swirl intensity changes correspondingly with the feeding amount, which can effectively improve the concentration of concentrate and process wind. The uniformity of mixing, thereby improving the combustion effect of the concentrate; under different feeding amounts, the flow rate of the swirl wind adapts to change.

(4) In the present invention, several dispersing holes are evenly arranged on the guide cone, so that the dispersing air ejected from the dispersing holes can better disperse the concentrate flowing down from above, thereby enhancing the mixing of the concentrate and the process air degree, and then improve the burning effect of concentrate.

(5) In the present invention, the guide cone is extended into the flash furnace, so that the space for the mixture to enter the flash furnace through the dispersing surface is wider, and the horizontal direction component of the exit velocity is larger.

(6) In the present invention, the connection between the dispersing surface of the guide cone and the dispersing air channel is set as an arc transition, so that the concentrate moving along the dispersing surface is better dispersed, and the mixing effect with the process air is better.

(7) For the dispersed mixture carried out by the method of the present invention, experiments show that under the concentration of 140 t/h, the combustion effect of the concentrate in the reaction tower is significantly improved, and the mass transfer and heat transfer rates in the tower are obtained. improvement, the Fe ₃ O ₄ content in the slag is reduced by about 3%, the occurrence rate of soot is reduced to about 3%, the oxygen utilization rate is improved, and the SO ₃ generation rate in the soot is reduced by about 1%, which is reduced for the subsequent soot treatment. difficulty.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached image:

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the swirl vane of the present invention;

3 is a partial schematic diagram of the connection between the swirl vane of the present invention and the swirl wind channel;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a diversion cone of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the bottom of the guide cone of the present invention.

in:

1: Dispersion air passage, 2: Swirl air passage, 3: Concentrate passage, 4: Adjusting cone, 4-1: Upper cone, 4-2: Cylinder, 4-3: Lower cone, 5: Water jacket, 6: Guide cone, 7: swirl vane, 8: process air chamber, 9: process air outlet, 10: first dispersion hole, 11: hanging device, 12: dispersion surface, 13: connection end, 14, flash Furnace, 15: swirl air outlet, 16: second dispersion hole, 17, concentrate outlet, 18: bottom end face, 19: inlet end.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention may be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

1 to 2, a concentrate nozzle for flash smelting includes a dispersing air channel 1, a swirl air channel 2, and a concentrate channel 3 that are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside with the same vertical central axis. , an adjustment cone 4, a water jacket 5, and a guide cone 6 connected to the outlet end of the dispersing air channel 1.

Preferably, the swirl air passage 2 is provided with a swirl vane 7, and the lower end of the swirl air passage 2 is provided with a swirl air outlet 15; the lower end of the concentrate passage 3 is provided with a concentrate outlet 17; the water jacket A process air chamber 8 is provided between 5 and the concentrate channel 3, and a process air outlet 9 is provided at the lower end of the process air chamber 8.

Preferably, the process air outlet 9 is provided on the upper surface of the flash furnace 14 , and the dispersing air channel 1 , the swirl air channel 2 , the concentrate channel 3 , and the adjusting cone 4 extend into the flash furnace 14 respectively.

Preferably, the guide cone 6, the concentrate outlet 17, the swirl air outlet 15, and the process air outlet 9 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

Preferably, in order to control the wind speed of the process air outlet 9, the adjustment cone 4 includes an upper cone 4-1, a cylinder 4-2, a lower cone 4-3, and a hanging hook connected to the upper cone 4-1 of the adjustment cone Device 11, the adjustment cone 4 is lifted or lowered by the lifting device 11. When the adjustment cone 4 rises, the distance between the cylinder 4-2 and the water jacket 5 is increased, and the process air in the process air chamber 8 is increased. The wind speed when passing through the process air outlet 9 is reduced; when the adjustment cone 4 descends, the distance between the cylinder 4-2 and the water jacket 5 is reduced, and the process air is allowed to pass through the process by partially blocking the process air outlet 9 The wind speed at the air outlet 9 increases.

As a further embodiment of the present invention: as shown in FIG. 3, in order to realize the adjustment of the upper and lower positions and angles of the swirl blades 7 relative to the swirl wind channel 2, the swirl wind channel 2 is provided with a waist-shaped hole 21, and the swirl wind channel 2 is provided with a waist-shaped hole 21. The flow vanes 7 are connected to the swirl wind channel 2 by means of bolts 20 .

Preferably, in order to realize the adjustment of the angle of the swirl vanes 7 relative to the swirl air passage 2 , a certain gap is provided between the swirl vanes 7 and the outer wall of the dispersing air passage 1 .

As a further embodiment of the present invention: as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , the guide cone 6 includes an inlet end 19 , a connecting end 13 , a dispersing surface 12 and a bottom end surface 18 , the bottom end surface 18 and the dispersing surface 12 The central axes of the two are perpendicular to each other; the connecting end 13 is an arc structure.

Preferably, a plurality of first dispersion holes 10 uniformly distributed in multiple layers are fixed on the distribution surface 12 , and a plurality of second dispersion holes 16 are uniformly distributed on the bottom end surface 18 .

Preferably, in order to achieve uniform dispersion of the dispersed wind to the surrounding in a horizontal direction, the dispersion surface 12 has an inverted cone structure, and the angle of the inverted cone is 60 degrees.

As a further embodiment of the present invention: the working method of the concentrate nozzle provided by the present invention, its specific working method is as follows:

A. The concentrate enters through the concentrate passage 3, and the swirl wind entering with the swirl wind passage 2 makes the swirl wind travel to the swirl wind outlet 15 under the action of the swirl blade 7 in the concentrate passage 3 to form a swirl flow, thereby driving the concentrate The ore is mixed in a swirling state to form a mixture of air and concentrate;

B. The mixture continues to descend in a swirling state;

C. At the same time, the dispersed air entering the dispersing air channel 1 descends to the first dispersing hole 10 and the second dispersing hole 16, and the technological air entering the process air chamber 8 descends to the technological air outlet 9;

D. Under the dispersing action of the first dispersing holes 10 of the dispersing surface 12, a part of the mixture continues to diffuse outward along the dispersing surface 12, and another part of the mixture enters the furnace in a swirling state, and is sprayed in the second dispersing hole 16 Under the action of the dispersing air, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed with the process air from the process air outlet 9.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A concentrate burner for flash smelting, characterized by: the device comprises a dispersion air channel (1), a cyclone air channel (2), a concentrate channel (3), an adjusting cone (4), a water jacket (5) and a diversion cone (6), wherein the dispersion air channel (1), the cyclone air channel (2), the concentrate channel (3), the adjusting cone (4) and the water jacket (5) are sequentially sleeved and distributed from inside to outside with the same central axis, and the diversion cone (6) is connected to the outlet end of the dispersion air channel (1);

the inner wall of the rotational flow air channel (2) is connected with rotational flow blades (7) through bolts;

a process air chamber (8) is also arranged between the adjusting cone (4) and the water jacket (5), and a process air outlet (9) is arranged at the bottom of the process air chamber (8);

the diversion cone (6) is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed dispersion holes.

2. A concentrate burner for flash smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vertical position of the rotational flow blades (7) in the rotational flow air channel (2) is adjustable.

3. A concentrate burner for flash smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the angle of the rotational flow blade (7) in the horizontal direction in the rotational flow air channel (2) is adjustable.

4. A concentrate burner for flash smelting according to claim 3, characterized in that: the angle adjusting range of the swirl vanes (7) is 0-60 degrees.

5. A concentrate burner for flash smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adjusting cone (4) is also provided with a lifting and hanging device (11) with one end installed on the adjusting cone (4).

6. A concentrate burner for flash smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flow guide cone (6) comprises an inlet end (19) connected with the outlet end of the dispersed air channel (1), a connecting end (13) connected with the inlet end (19), a dispersed surface (12) connected with the connecting end (13) and a bottom end surface (18) connected with the dispersed surface (12); the dispersing surface (12) is of an inverted cone structure, and a plurality of first dispersing holes (10) which are uniformly distributed in multiple layers are fixedly arranged on the distributing surface (12); the connecting end (13) is of an inner arc structure; the central axes of the bottom end surface (18) and the dispersing surface (12) are perpendicular to each other, and a plurality of second dispersing holes (16) are uniformly distributed on the bottom end surface (18).

7. A concentrate burner for flash smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a cyclone outlet (15) of the cyclone air channel (2) is arranged above a concentrate outlet (17) of the concentrate channel (3).

8. A concentrate burner for flash smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the process air outlet (9) is positioned above the concentrate outlet (17).

9. A concentrate burner for flash smelting according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the dispersion air channel (1), the concentrate channel (3) and the adjusting cone (4) extend into the flash furnace (14).

10. A method of operating a concentrate burner for flash smelting, the method comprising: the specific working method comprises the following steps:

A. concentrate enters through the concentrate channel (3), and cyclone wind entering the cyclone wind channel (2) in the concentrate channel (3) moves to a cyclone wind outlet (15) under the action of a cyclone blade (7) to form cyclone, so that the concentrate is driven to be mixed in a cyclone state, and a mixture of air and concentrate is formed;

B. the mixture continues to descend in the state of rotational flow;

C. meanwhile, the dispersed air entering from the dispersed air channel (1) flows downwards to the first dispersed holes (10) and the second dispersed holes (16), and the process air entering from the process air chamber (8) flows downwards to the process air outlet (9);

D. under the dispersion action of the first dispersion holes (10) of the dispersion surface (12), one part of the mixture continuously diffuses outwards along the dispersion surface (12), the other part of the mixture still enters the furnace in a swirling state, and under the action of dispersion air ejected from the second dispersion holes (16), the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed with process air ejected from the process air outlet (9).

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