CN110776925B - A water-retaining agent prepared by using excess sludge and its preparation method and use method - Google Patents
A water-retaining agent prepared by using excess sludge and its preparation method and use method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用剩余污泥制备的保水剂及其制备方法和使用方法，属于剩余污泥处理技术领域。本发明通过利用磁性镁铝水滑石、超声波作用与电子束辐照处理技术，能够将剩余污泥中含有的蛋白质、多糖等有机物降解，通过冷冻、干燥、热处理和溶解过程，将降解的多糖分子和被降解的蛋白质分子通过氢键、疏水及静电等作用形成两亲性的复合物；再通过自组装反应，使两亲性的复合物在水相中反应获得稳定的纳米凝胶，该纳米凝胶能够用作保水剂。本发明既实现了剩余污泥的资源化处理，又能改善沙质土壤贫水缺养状况、修复生态环境，制得的保水剂长期使用不会对土壤造成重金属与微生物污染，也不会令土壤板结或物化性质的恶化，可放心施用。
The invention discloses a water-retaining agent prepared by using excess sludge, a preparation method and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of excess sludge treatment. The present invention can degrade organic substances such as proteins, polysaccharides and the like contained in excess sludge by utilizing magnetic magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite, ultrasonic wave action and electron beam irradiation treatment technology. It forms amphiphilic complexes with the degraded protein molecules through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobicity and static electricity; and then through the self-assembly reaction, the amphiphilic complexes are reacted in the aqueous phase to obtain stable nanogels. The gel can be used as a water-retaining agent. The invention not only realizes the resource treatment of excess sludge, but also improves the poor water and nutrient deficiency of sandy soil, and restores the ecological environment. Soil compaction or deterioration of physical and chemical properties can be safely applied.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of excess sludge treatment, in particular to a water-retaining agent prepared from excess sludge, and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the number of sewage treatment plants in China is greatly increased, and as late as 2018, the number of sewage treatment plants in cities and towns in China reaches 4332, and the sewage treatment capacity reaches 1.95 hundred million m3A large amount of excess sludge is produced. The sludge is rich in the toxic essence of sewage and has serious pollution. However, compared with the rapid development of the town sewage treatment technology, the effective treatment and disposal of the sludge is obviously lagged behind, a large amount of residual sludge is not effectively and safely disposed, and a large amount of pollutants in the sewage are returned to the environment again, so that the serious problem is causedEnvironmental pollution and ecological destruction, and therefore, research on effective treatment and disposal of excess sludge is urgently carried out.
The conventional methods for treating excess sludge comprise: chemical methods, physical methods, biological methods, and combinations thereof. The influence of the nitrite adding mode on the fermentation performance of the excess sludge is obtained in Pengyzhen and the like: the continuous addition of nitrite is beneficial to strengthening the reduction of organic matters in the sludge; if the aim of enhancing sludge reduction is to adopt a mode of continuously adding nitrite (Pengyun, etc. the influence of the nitrite adding mode on the fermentation performance of the residual sludge [ J/OL ], university of Beijing university of industry, 2019,45(11):105 and 110.); the slow smart and the like adopt a double-frequency ultrasonic pretreatment method to strengthen the dehydration performance of the residual sludge, and the discovery shows that the double-frequency ultrasonic has higher energy utilization efficiency than single frequency, and the double frequency can achieve better dehydration effect under the condition of lower energy (slow smart, and the like; the research on the dehydration performance of the residual sludge by double-frequency ultrasonic improvement [ J ] ecological and rural environment science, 2018,34(4):380 plus 384.); the Wangcong and the Sun English sunflower introduce earthworm biological treatment methods in the treatment of excess sludge, and research results show that: the introduction of the earthworms can effectively reduce the heavy metal content in the sludge (Wangcong, Sun English sunflower, technology for treating chemical fiber wastewater and biochemical excess sludge by earthworms [ J ], resource conservation and environmental protection, 2019,8: 86.).
The research methods have strong guiding significance for the effective treatment of the excess sludge, but the research methods have different defects: the addition of chemical agents in the chemical method increases the toxicity of the sludge and also causes certain harm to the environment; physical methods are slow to operate or have a slow response or are costly; biological methods have the defects of high cost, long time consumption, difficult control and the like. Meanwhile, various organic matters such as proteins, saccharides and the like rich in the excess sludge have good recycling value. Therefore, for the technical personnel, the development of the excess sludge treatment technology which accords with the ecological system stability rule, has low cost and does not generate secondary pollution follows the concept of sustainable development to deepen the development of the utilization value of the excess sludge, and the technical personnel in the field need to invest and explore.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the water-retaining agent prepared from the excess sludge, the preparation method and the use method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a method for preparing a water-retaining agent by utilizing excess sludge comprises the following steps:
1) fully and uniformly stirring the residual sludge without heavy metal pollution and the magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite to obtain a mixture, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment on the mixture, then carrying out electron beam irradiation treatment on the mixture, and then cooling and carrying out centrifugal separation to obtain a supernatant A and a solid B;
2) performing magnetic separation on the solid B, recovering the magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, uniformly mixing the recovered magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite with the supernatant A, performing irradiation treatment by using electron beams, and then cooling and stirring to obtain a blend system;
3) performing magnetic separation on the blend system, leaving mixed liquid, and freezing and then drying the mixed liquid to obtain powder;
4) carrying out heat treatment on the powder obtained in the step 3), dissolving the powder in water after reaction, then carrying out centrifugal treatment, and freezing and drying the supernatant to obtain a product C;
5) and dissolving the product C in water to obtain a diluent, and carrying out self-assembly reaction on the obtained diluent to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Preferably, in the step 1), the feeding ratio of the residual sludge without heavy metal pollution to the magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite is 100 mL: (0.5-1.8) g, and stirring for 1.5-3 h; the rotational speed of the centrifugal separation was 3000rpm, and the time was 20 min.
Preferably, in the step 1), the ultrasonic power is 360W, and the action time is 3-10 min; the electron beam irradiation measurement is 35-48 kGy, and the treatment time is 1-5 min.
Preferably, in the step 2), the electron beam irradiation measurement is 0.5-3 kGy, and the treatment time is 10-15 min; the stirring time is 4-7 h.
Preferably, in step 3), the pH of the blend system is adjusted to 7 prior to magnetic separation of the blend system.
Preferably, in the step 4), the heat treatment reaction is carried out in a thermostat, the temperature is 55-62 ℃, the relative humidity is 68-78%, and the reaction time is 4-6 days; the heat-treated powder and water were mixed in a ratio of 1 g: dissolving 15ml of the mixture according to the dosage ratio; the rotating speed of the centrifugal treatment is 3000rpm, and the time is 20-30 min.
Preferably, in the step 5), the product C is dissolved in water, and stirred at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ to prepare a diluent with the concentration of 1-5 mg/mL.
Preferably, the self-assembly reaction in step 5) operates as follows:
and (3) adjusting the pH value of the diluent to 4.7-6.2, stabilizing for 5-10 min, placing the diluent with the stable pH value in a constant-temperature water bath at 85-90 ℃, reacting for 30-90 min, cooling the reaction solution by using the ice bath after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying the cooled reaction solution to obtain the water-retaining agent.
The water-retaining agent is prepared by the method for preparing the water-retaining agent by utilizing the excess sludge.
A use method of a water-retaining agent prepared from excess sludge comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the water-retaining agent and solid B excess sludge without magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite according to the mass ratio of 1 (80-100) to prepare a mixture, and then distributing the mixture and aeolian sandy soil according to the mass ratio of 1 (10-100).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for preparing a water-retaining agent by utilizing excess sludge, which can degrade organic matters such as protein, polysaccharide and the like contained in the excess sludge by utilizing magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, ultrasonic action and electron beam irradiation treatment technology, thereby changing the excess sludge into valuable and effectively reducing the cost; the degraded nutrients are released and dissolved in a liquid phase of the mixture, the liquid phase and a solid phase can be separated through centrifugal separation, and then the magnetic separation technology is used for separation, so that the magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite can be separated from the mixture or recycled, the use risk of the added compound to the environment is reduced, and the environment-friendly effect is improved; through the processes of freezing, drying, heat treatment and dissolving, active groups (such as amino, carboxyl and the like) on the molecular chain of the degraded polysaccharide can be realized, and an amphiphilic compound is formed between the active groups and the degraded protein through the actions of hydrogen bonds, hydrophobicity, static electricity and the like; through self-assembly reaction, the amphiphilic compound is reacted in water phase to obtain stable nanometer gel, and the nanometer gel may be used as water maintaining agent.
Further, through electron beam irradiation with the irradiation dosage of 35-48 kGy and the treatment time of 1-5 min in the step 1), the residual sludge can be fully reduced, substances such as proteins and polysaccharides in the residual sludge can be explained, and the result of insufficient degradation is effectively avoided.
Further, electron beam irradiation is carried out in the step 2) with the irradiation dose of 0.5-3 kGy and the treatment time of 10-15 min, and the added magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite is matched, so that the combined action of active groups in the magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite and radiation can be activated, proper degradation of organic matters such as protein and polysaccharide is achieved, excessive degradation and damage of the substances cannot be caused under the irradiation dose, and the successful preparation of the water-retaining agent is ensured.
Further, the pH value of the blend system is adjusted to 7 in the step 3), so that the alkaline condition of the sludge supernatant system can be changed, and the formation of an amphiphilic compound reaction result by the protein polysaccharide is facilitated.
Further, the properly degraded protein polysaccharide can be fully reacted to generate an amphiphilic compound by carrying out heat treatment for 4-6 days at the temperature of 55-62 ℃ and the relative humidity of 68-78% in the step 4), so that the subsequent preparation of the water-retaining agent with good water-retaining effect and high stability through self-assembly reaction is facilitated; by selecting centrifugal treatment at 3000rpm for 20-30 min, interference residues in a reaction system can be removed, and retention of effective substances is not influenced.
Further, the pH value of the diluent is adjusted to 4.7-6.2 in the step 5), so that electrostatic repulsion among residual protein molecules in the solution is weakened, aggregation and gelation of an amphiphilic compound are facilitated, and the preparation yield of the water-retaining agent is improved; the reaction is carried out in a constant-temperature water bath at 85-90 ℃ for 30-90 min, so that the stability and the water retention effect of the obtained water retention agent can be effectively enhanced.
The water-retaining agent prepared by the preparation method is a nanogel with excellent surface effect and water absorption capacity, and can act on sandy soil together with sludge. When the water-retaining agent and the soil are applied to planting plants, peripheral nutrients can be fully absorbed and transmitted to the plants, the current situation of sandy soil is changed, the resource treatment of the residual sludge is realized, the poor water and deficient condition of the sandy soil can be improved, and the ecological environment is restored. Meanwhile, no external additive component is added in the composition of the water-retaining agent, so that the water-retaining agent prepared by long-term use cannot cause heavy metal and microbial pollution to soil, cannot harden the soil or deteriorate the physical and chemical properties, and can be applied safely.
The water-retaining agent is mixed with the residual sludge without the magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite according to a certain mass ratio, the obtained mixture is then mixed with the aeolian sandy soil according to a certain mass ratio, the water-retaining agent can be uniformly dispersed in the aeolian sandy soil, and the residual sludge does not contain heavy metals, so that the introduction of heavy metal pollution can be effectively avoided, and the effective use of the water-retaining agent can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the growth of halophytic grass in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of soil water-stable agglomerates in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the water content of the soil at different depths in example 1 of the present invention;
wherein: (a) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 10cm is shown schematically; (b) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 20cm is shown schematically; (c) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 40cm is shown schematically; (d) the change of the water content of the soil layer of 80cm is shown schematically;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the growth of halophytic grass in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of soil water-stable agglomerates in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the water content of the soil at different depths in example 2 of the present invention;
wherein: (a) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 10cm is shown schematically; (b) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 20cm is shown schematically; (c) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 40cm is shown schematically; (d) the change of the water content of the soil layer of 80cm is shown schematically;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the growth of halophytic grass in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of soil water-stable agglomerates in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the water content of the soil at different depths in example 3 of the present invention;
wherein: (a) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 10cm is shown schematically; (b) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 20cm is shown schematically; (c) the change of the water content of a soil layer of 40cm is shown schematically; (d) the water content of the soil layer with the depth of 80cm is shown in a schematic diagram.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the method of the invention is carried out by the following steps:
1) firstly, 100mL of residual sludge without heavy metal pollution and 0.5-1.8 g of magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite are measured and put into a 200mL volumetric flask, the mixture is fully stirred for 1.5-3 h, and then ultrasonic wave is used for 3-10 min, and the ultrasonic power is 360W. After the ultrasonic treatment is finished, treating for 1-5 min by using an electron beam irradiation technology, measuring by irradiation for 35-48 kGy, taking out the volumetric flask, cooling to room temperature, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain supernatant A and solid B;
2) and (3) carrying out magnetic separation on the solid B obtained in the step (1) to obtain the magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite. And (3) fully mixing the magnetic hydrotalcite and the liquid A in a flask, and carrying out irradiation treatment for 10-15 min by using electron beams again, wherein the irradiation dosage is 0.5-3 kGy. And slowly stirring the materials in the flask at room temperature for 4-7 h, then adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 by using 1.5mol/L HCl, and after magnetic separation, freezing and drying the liquid. And then reacting for 4-6 days in a constant temperature oven at 55-62 ℃, wherein the relative humidity of the constant temperature oven is kept at 68-78%. After the reaction is finished, adding deionized water into the reactants according to the proportion of 1:15(w/v) for fully dissolving, then centrifuging at 3000rpm for 20-30 min at room temperature, collecting supernate, and freeze-drying to obtain a product C;
3) dissolving C in distilled water to prepare a solution of 1-5 mg/mL, fully stirring the solution at 20-25 ℃, then adjusting the pH of the solution to 4.7-6.2 by using 0.2mol/L HCl, stabilizing for 5-10 min, placing the solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 85-90 ℃ for 30-90 min, and cooling by using an ice bath. Freezing and drying the cooled solution to obtain a product D;
4) and mixing the product D and the sludge separated from the solid B according to the mass ratio of 1: 80-100, performing distribution on the mixture and the aeolian sandy soil according to the specific gravity of 1 (10-100) and planting plants. During which soil and plant changes were observed and recorded.
The technical method mainly utilizes organic matters such as rich protein and polysaccharide in the excess sludge to prepare the sandy soil water-retaining agent, the water-retaining agent not only has super water-retaining property, but also can improve nutrients and structure of sandy soil, can promote plant growth after long-term use, can restore soil, restore ecology and green environment, and has the characteristics of environmental protection, novelty, uniqueness, high efficiency and the like.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparing materials:
taking the residual sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant, and determining that no heavy metal pollution exists in the residual sludge; magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite is synthesized by a coprecipitation method; analytically pure HCl is purchased from chemical reagents plants.
(2) Preparing a water-retaining agent:
firstly, 100mL of excess sludge without heavy metal pollution and 0.5g of magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite are weighed and put into a 200mL volumetric flask, the mixture is fully stirred for 1.5h, and then the mixture is acted by ultrasonic waves for 3min, and the ultrasonic power is 360W. After the ultrasonic treatment is finished, treating for 1min by using an electron beam irradiation technology, measuring the irradiation dose to 35kGy, taking out the volumetric flask, cooling to room temperature, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain supernatant A and solid B;
and then, carrying out magnetic separation on the obtained solid B to obtain the magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite. And (3) fully mixing the magnetic hydrotalcite and the liquid A in a flask, and carrying out irradiation treatment for 10min by using electron beams again, wherein the irradiation dose is 0.5 kGy. The flask contents were then stirred slowly at room temperature for 4h, followed by adjustment of the solution pH to 7 with 1.5mol/L HCl, and after magnetic separation the liquid was freeze-dried. The reaction was then carried out at a constant temperature of 55 ℃ for 4 days, during which the relative humidity of the incubator was kept at 68%. After the reaction is finished, adding deionized water into the reactants according to the proportion of 1:15(w/v) for fully dissolving, then centrifuging at 3000rpm for 20min at room temperature, collecting supernate, and freeze-drying to obtain a product C;
and finally, dissolving the C in distilled water to prepare a solution of 1mg/mL, fully stirring the solution at 20 ℃, then adjusting the pH of the solution to 4.7 by using 0.2mol/L HCl, stabilizing for 5min, placing the solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 85 ℃ for 30min, and cooling by using an ice bath. And (5) freezing and drying the cooled solution to obtain a product D.
(3) The water-retaining agent is used:
and mixing the product D with the sludge separated from the solid B according to the mass ratio of 1:80, distributing the mixture and the aeolian sandy soil according to the specific gravity of 1:100, and planting plants. During which soil and plant changes were observed and recorded.
Referring to fig. 1, the plant height, crown width, fresh weight and dry weight of the plants in the group added with the water-retaining agent are significant compared with the control group without the water-retaining agent.
Referring to fig. 2, it can be seen that the water retention agent is added, the agglomeration of larger particles in the soil is obviously increased, which indicates that the water retention agent is helpful for the agglomeration of soil particles.
As shown in FIG. 3, after the water-retaining agent is applied, the water content of the soil is reduced slowly, and the water-retaining capacity is obviously improved. In conclusion, the technology effectively realizes resource utilization of excess sludge, and the developed water-retaining agent can effectively improve the soil structure, enhance the water-retaining capacity of the soil and simultaneously improve the plant growth condition.
Example 2
(1) Preparing materials:
the preparation of excess sludge, magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, and HCl was the same as in example 1.
(2) Preparing a water-retaining agent:
firstly, 100mL of excess sludge without heavy metal pollution and 0.8g of magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite are weighed and put into a 200mL volumetric flask, the mixture is fully stirred for 1.8h, and then the mixture is acted by ultrasonic waves for 5min, and the ultrasonic power is 360W. After the ultrasonic treatment is finished, treating for 2min by using an electron beam irradiation technology, measuring by irradiation to 38kGy, taking out the volumetric flask, cooling to room temperature, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain supernatant A and solid B;
and then, carrying out magnetic separation on the obtained solid B to obtain the magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite. And (3) fully mixing the magnetic hydrotalcite and the liquid A in a flask, and carrying out irradiation treatment for 11min by using electron beams again, wherein the irradiation dose is 0.8 kGy. The flask contents were then stirred slowly at room temperature for 5h, followed by adjustment of the solution pH to 7 with 1.5mol/L HCl, and after magnetic separation the liquid was freeze-dried. The reaction was then carried out at a constant temperature of 56 ℃ for 4.5 days, during which the relative humidity of the oven was maintained at 70%. After the reaction is finished, adding deionized water into the reactants according to the proportion of 1:15(w/v) for fully dissolving, then centrifuging at 3000rpm for 22min at room temperature, collecting supernate, and freeze-drying to obtain a product C;
and finally, dissolving the C in distilled water to prepare a solution of 2mg/mL, fully stirring the solution at 21 ℃, then adjusting the pH of the solution to 5.0 by using 0.2mol/L HCl, stabilizing for 6min, placing the solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 86 ℃ for 40min, and cooling by using an ice bath. And (5) freezing and drying the cooled solution to obtain a product D.
(3) The water-retaining agent is used:
and mixing the product D with the sludge separated from the solid B according to the mass ratio of 1:85, distributing the mixture and the aeolian sandy soil according to the specific gravity of 3% by mass ratio, and planting plants. During which soil and plant changes were observed and recorded.
Referring to fig. 4, the plant height, crown width, fresh weight and dry weight of the plants in the group added with the water-retaining agent are significant compared with the control group without the water-retaining agent.
Referring to fig. 5, it can be seen that the addition of the water retaining agent results in a significant increase in the agglomeration of larger particles in the soil, indicating that the water retaining agent contributes to the agglomeration of the soil particles.
As shown in FIG. 6, after the water-retaining agent is applied, the water content of the soil is reduced slowly, and the water-retaining capacity is obviously improved. In conclusion, the technology effectively realizes resource utilization of excess sludge, and the developed water-retaining agent can effectively improve the soil structure, enhance the water-retaining capacity of the soil and simultaneously improve the plant growth condition.
Example 3
(1) Preparing materials:
the preparation of excess sludge, magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, and HCl was the same as in example 1.
(2) Preparing a water-retaining agent:
firstly, 100mL of excess sludge without heavy metal pollution and 1.0g of magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite are weighed and put into a 200mL volumetric flask, the mixture is fully stirred for 2 hours, and then ultrasonic wave is used for 7min, and the ultrasonic power is 360W. After the ultrasonic treatment is finished, treating for 3min by using an electron beam irradiation technology, measuring by irradiation to 40kGy, taking out the volumetric flask, cooling to room temperature, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain supernatant A and solid B;
and then, carrying out magnetic separation on the obtained solid B to obtain the magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite. And (3) fully mixing the magnetic hydrotalcite and the liquid A in a flask, and carrying out irradiation treatment for 12min by using electron beams again, wherein the irradiation dose is 1.5 kGy. The flask contents were then stirred slowly at room temperature for 6h, followed by adjustment of the solution pH to 7 with 1.5mol/LHCl, and after magnetic separation the liquid was freeze-dried. The reaction was then carried out at a constant temperature of 58 ℃ for 5 days, during which the relative humidity of the incubator was maintained at 74%. After the reaction is finished, adding deionized water into the reactants according to the proportion of 1:15(w/v) for fully dissolving, then centrifuging at 3000rpm for 25min at room temperature, collecting supernate, and freeze-drying to obtain a product C;
and finally, dissolving the C in distilled water to prepare a solution of 3mg/mL, fully stirring the solution at 23 ℃, then adjusting the pH of the solution to 5.5 by using 0.2mol/L HCl, stabilizing for 7min, placing the solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 87 ℃ for 60min, and cooling by using an ice bath. And (5) freezing and drying the cooled solution to obtain a product D.
(3) The water-retaining agent is used:
and mixing the product D with the sludge separated from the solid B according to the mass ratio of 1:90, distributing the mixture and the aeolian sandy soil according to the specific gravity of 5% by mass ratio, and planting plants. During which soil and plant changes were observed and recorded.
Referring to fig. 7, the plant height, crown width, fresh weight and dry weight of the plants in the group to which the water-retaining agent was added were significant compared to the control group to which the water-retaining agent was not applied.
Referring to fig. 8, it can be seen that the addition of the water retaining agent results in a significant increase in the agglomeration of larger particles in the soil, indicating that the water retaining agent contributes to the agglomeration of the soil particles.
As can be seen from FIG. 9, after the water-retaining agent is applied, the water content of the soil is reduced more slowly, and the water-retaining capacity is obviously improved. In conclusion, the technology effectively realizes resource utilization of excess sludge, and the developed water-retaining agent can effectively improve the soil structure, enhance the water-retaining capacity of the soil and simultaneously improve the plant growth condition.
EXAMPLE 4
The preparation of excess sludge, magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, and HCl was the same as in example 1. Firstly, 100mL of residual sludge without heavy metal pollution and 1.5g of magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite are weighed and put into a 200mL volumetric flask, the mixture is fully stirred for 2.5h, and then the mixture is acted by ultrasonic waves for 8min, and the ultrasonic power is 360W. After the ultrasonic treatment is finished, treating for 4min by using an electron beam irradiation technology, measuring by irradiation to 45kGy, taking out the volumetric flask, cooling to room temperature, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain supernatant A and solid B; and then, carrying out magnetic separation on the obtained solid B to obtain the magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite. And (3) fully mixing the magnetic hydrotalcite and the liquid A in a flask, carrying out irradiation treatment for 14min by using electron beams again, and carrying out irradiation metering to 2 kGy. The flask contents were then stirred slowly at room temperature for 6.5h, followed by adjustment of the solution pH to 7 with 1.5mol/LHCl, and after magnetic separation the liquid was freeze-dried. The reaction was then carried out at a constant temperature of 60 ℃ for 5.5 days, during which the relative humidity of the incubator was maintained at 76%. After the reaction is finished, adding deionized water into the reactant according to the proportion of 1:15(w/v) for fully dissolving, then centrifuging at 3000rpm for 28min at room temperature, collecting supernatant, and freeze-drying to obtain a product C;
dissolving C in distilled water to obtain 4mg/mL solution, stirring at 24 deg.C, adjusting pH to 6.0 with 0.2mol/LHCl, stabilizing for 8min, placing the solution in 88 deg.C constant temperature water bath for 80min, and cooling with ice bath. And (5) freezing and drying the cooled solution to obtain a product D.
And mixing the product D with the sludge separated from the solid B according to the mass ratio of 1:95, distributing the mixture and the aeolian sandy soil according to the specific gravity of 8% by mass ratio, and planting plants. During which soil and plant changes were observed and recorded.
EXAMPLE 5
The preparation of excess sludge, magnetic magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, and HCl was the same as in example 1. Firstly, 100mL of excess sludge without heavy metal pollution and 1.8g of magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite are weighed and put into a 200mL volumetric flask, fully stirred for 3h, and then acted by ultrasonic waves for 10min with the ultrasonic power of 360W. After the ultrasonic treatment is finished, treating for 5min by using an electron beam irradiation technology, measuring the irradiation dose to 48kGy, taking out the volumetric flask, cooling to room temperature, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain supernatant A and solid B; and then, carrying out magnetic separation on the obtained solid B to obtain the magnetic magnalium hydrotalcite. And (3) fully mixing the magnetic hydrotalcite and the liquid A in a flask, carrying out irradiation treatment for 15min by using electron beams again, and carrying out irradiation metering to 3 kGy. The flask contents were then stirred slowly at room temperature for 7h, followed by adjustment of the solution pH to 7 with 1.5mol/LHCl, and after magnetic separation the liquid was freeze-dried. The reaction was then carried out at a constant temperature of 62 ℃ for 6 days, during which the relative humidity of the incubator was maintained at 78%. After the reaction is finished, adding deionized water into the reactants according to the proportion of 1:15(w/v) for fully dissolving, then centrifuging at 3000rpm for 30min at room temperature, collecting supernate, and freeze-drying to obtain a product C; dissolving C in distilled water to obtain 5mg/mL solution, stirring at 25 deg.C, adjusting pH to 6.2 with 0.2mol/LHCl, stabilizing for 10min, placing the solution in 90 deg.C constant temperature water bath for 90min, and cooling with ice bath. And (5) freezing and drying the cooled solution to obtain a product D. And mixing the product D with the sludge separated from the solid B according to the mass ratio of 1:100, distributing the mixture and the aeolian sandy soil according to the specific gravity of 10% by mass ratio, and planting plants. During which soil and plant changes were observed and recorded.
The technical method fully realizes resource utilization of excess sludge, and the prepared water-retaining agent can effectively improve the water-retaining capacity of soil, change the distribution condition of soil aggregates, improve the nutrient content of the soil and promote plant growth. The method has no potential safety hazard, is novel, unique and environment-friendly, and the prepared water-retaining agent can effectively restore soil in water-deficient areas and restore ecology and greening environment after being used for a long time, and has the characteristics of environmental protection, novelty, uniqueness, high efficiency and the like.
The above description is only a basic description of the present invention, and any equivalent changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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