CN110767918B - Single cell and assembly method thereof, fuel cell stack and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Single cell and assembly method thereof, fuel cell stack and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110767918B CN110767918B CN201810848431.1A CN201810848431A CN110767918B CN 110767918 B CN110767918 B CN 110767918B CN 201810848431 A CN201810848431 A CN 201810848431A CN 110767918 B CN110767918 B CN 110767918B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single cell and an assembly method thereof, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and a preparation method thereof, relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and is designed for improving the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. The method of assembling the cell includes: providing a confinement structure; assembling a hydrogen flow field plate, a membrane electrode and an air flow field plate: and laminating the hydrogen flow field plate, the membrane electrode and the air flow field plate, bonding and pressurizing to form a single cell. The single cell assembly method and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack preparation method provided by the invention are used for improving the performance of the cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a single cell and an assembly method thereof, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell pile is a battery pack formed by overlapping and connecting a plurality of single cells together in series, a current collecting plate for collecting the current of the pile and an end plate for supporting are respectively arranged at two ends of the battery pack, an insulating layer is arranged between the current collecting plate and the end plate, wherein each single cell mainly comprises a hydrogen flow field plate, an air flow field plate and a Membrane Electrode (MEA) clamped between the hydrogen flow field plate and the air flow field plate.
The conventional common method for preparing the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of assembling a hydrogen flow field plate, a membrane electrode and an air flow field plate in a laminating mode, namely, sealing and connecting the hydrogen flow field plate, the membrane electrode and the air flow field plate through a rubber gasket or an adhesive, specifically, dispensing glue on the hydrogen flow field plate, then dispensing glue on the MEA, then placing the air flow field plate, applying force and flattening, repeating the steps to form a battery pack, finally assembling a current collecting plate, an insulating layer and an end plate before colloid is completely cured, pressing with certain force until the colloid is completely cured, and forming the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
The current stack method for manufacturing the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack mainly has the following problems:
1. the thickness of each single cell is different, resulting in unstable performance of the entire stack. The reason is that the stacking is continuously completed, glue between each layer is in an uncured state, each layer needs to be flattened by using a certain pressure, and then the next layer is continuously dispensed and installed. Since the lower layer is pressed a greater number of times, the single cell thickness of the lower layer is thinner than that of the upper layer. The sizes of the gas flow channel structures in the single cells are different, so that the performance of the single cells is different, and because the single cells in the cell stack are electrically connected in series, the performance of one single cell has great influence on the whole electric pushing performance.
2. Accomplish the leak test again after whole galvanic pile assembles, if the discovery has the leak source, firstly the leak source position is difficult to the location, secondly the leak source is difficult to handle, needs to disassemble the galvanic pile after the reassembly, has the very big risk to cause destruction and unable reuse to the galvanic pile in disassembling very probably.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a single cell, an assembly method thereof, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and a preparation method thereof, and mainly aims to improve the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of assembling a single cell, the method comprising:
setting a limiting structure: arranging a first limiting structure on one side of the hydrogen flow field plate, which is provided with a hydrogen flow channel, and arranging a second limiting structure on one side of the air flow field plate, which is provided with an air flow channel; or
Arranging a first limiting structure on one side of the membrane electrode, which is provided with the carbon paper, and arranging a second limiting structure on the other side of the membrane electrode, which is provided with the carbon paper;
assembling a hydrogen flow field plate, a membrane electrode and an air flow field plate: and laminating the hydrogen flow field plate, the membrane electrode and the air flow field plate, bonding and pressurizing to form a single cell.
According to the assembling method of the single cell provided by the embodiment of the invention, the limiting structures are arranged before the hydrogen flow field plate, the membrane electrode and the air flow field plate, the first limiting structure positioned between the hydrogen flow field plate and the membrane electrode is configured to limit the distance between the hydrogen flow field plate and the membrane electrode, and the second limiting structure positioned between the air flow field plate and the membrane electrode is configured to limit the distance between the air flow field plate and the membrane electrode, so that the thickness and the size of the single cell can be effectively controlled, the structural consistency of the single cell produced in batch is improved, and the phenomenon that the structural size of a gas flow channel in the single cell is different when pressure is applied and flat, and the performance of the single cell is not uniform is avoided.
Optionally, the process of setting the limiting structure includes:
the hydrogen flow field plate is provided with a first limiting structure continuously or sectionally on one side of the hydrogen flow field plate with the hydrogen flow channel, and the air flow field plate is provided with a second limiting structure continuously or sectionally on one side of the air flow channel; or
A first limiting structure is continuously or sectionally arranged on one side of the membrane electrode with the carbon paper, and a second limiting structure is continuously or sectionally arranged on the other side of the membrane electrode with the carbon paper.
Optionally, the process of setting the limiting structure includes:
a first limiting structure is arranged on one side surface of the hydrogen flow field plate, which is provided with a hydrogen flow channel, and close to the edge, and a second limiting structure is arranged on one side surface of the air flow field plate, which is provided with an air flow channel, and close to the edge; or
A first limiting structure is arranged on one side surface, close to the edge, of the membrane electrode, wherein the carbon paper is arranged on the side surface, and a second limiting structure is arranged on the other side surface, close to the edge, of the membrane electrode.
Further, the first limiting structure and/or the second limiting structure are/is arranged in an area which is 0-5 mm away from the edge.
Optionally, the process of setting the limiting structure includes: and arranging the limiting structure by adopting a dispensing, mold reversing, imprinting or printing mode.
Optionally, the first defining structure and the second defining structure are made of the same or different materials and are selected from one of a polymer material and a metal.
Optionally, the first defining structure and the second defining structure have the same or different structures, and are selected from one of a rectangular strip structure, a cylindrical structure, or a triangular prism structure.
Optionally, the height H1 of the first defining structure satisfies: h1 ═ H1+ H2-x, where H1 is the thickness of the carbon paper in the membrane electrode on the side close to the hydrogen flow field plate, H2 is the radial height of the hydrogen flow channel of the hydrogen flow field plate, and x is the compression margin between the carbon paper in the membrane electrode on the side close to the hydrogen flow field plate and the hydrogen flow channel; and/or
The height H2 of the second defining structure satisfies: h2 ═ H1 '+ H2' -x ', where H1' is the thickness of the carbon paper in the membrane electrode near one side of the air flow field plate, H2 'is the radial height of the air flow channel of the air flow field plate, and x' is the compression margin between the carbon paper in the membrane electrode near one side of the air flow field plate and the air flow channel.
Optionally, the action width of the first limiting structure and the action width of the second limiting structure are 0.5-2 mm.
Another aspect of the present invention also provides a battery cell including a battery cell assembled by the method of assembling a battery cell as described above.
According to the single cell provided by the embodiment of the invention, the thickness size of the single cell is effectively controlled through the arranged limiting structure, the phenomenon that electric energy is converted into heat energy due to the fact that a gap exists between the gas flow channel in the single cell and the carbon paper is prevented, the defect that the structural size of the gas flow channel is different is avoided, and the performance of the single cell is improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, which comprises the following steps:
assembling a single cell: assembling the single battery by the single battery assembling method;
leak detection of a single cell: respectively pressurizing a hydrogen flow channel and an air flow channel of the single cell to detect whether a leakage point exists in the single cell or not so as to obtain a qualified single cell;
assembling a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack: firstly, connecting a plurality of qualified monocells in series to form a battery pack, and respectively and sequentially installing a current collecting plate, an insulating layer and an end plate at two ends of the battery pack to form a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
The preparation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the single cell assembly method, the single cell assembly method can realize the structural standardization of the single cell, and meanwhile, the leak detection of the single cell can ensure the sealing property of the finally prepared proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, thereby improving the yield of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
The invention also provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack which comprises the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack prepared by the preparation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack provided by the embodiment of the invention has higher sealing performance and structural stability, and the performance of the whole stack is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a single cell assembly method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement positions of a first limiting structure and a second limiting structure provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement positions of a first limiting structure and a second limiting structure according to another embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of three setting manners of a limiting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of three structures of a limiting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The single cell and the assembly method thereof, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and the preparation method thereof according to the embodiment of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and the two elements can be communicated with each other at the inner sections. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The term "and/or" herein is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an assembly method of a single cell, and referring to fig. 1, the assembly method includes the following steps:
s1, setting a limiting structure:
the defining structures comprise a first defining structure 104 and a second defining structure 105, wherein the position arrangement of the first defining structure 104 and the second defining structure 105 has the following embodiments:
referring to fig. 2, a first defining structure 104 is provided on the side of the hydrogen flow field plate 101 having the hydrogen flow channels 101a and a second defining structure 105 is provided on the side of the air flow field plate 102 having the air flow channels 102 a.
Referring to fig. 3, a first confining structure 104 is provided on one side of the membrane electrode 103 having the carbon paper 103a, and a second confining structure 105 is provided on the other side having the carbon paper 103 a.
In specific implementation, whether the first defining structure 104 is disposed on the hydrogen flow field plate 101 or the membrane electrode 103, it is necessary to ensure that the first defining structure 104 is located between the hydrogen flow field plate 101 and the membrane electrode 103, and similarly, whether the second defining structure is disposed on the air flow field plate 102 or the membrane electrode 103, it is necessary to ensure that the second defining structure 105 is located between the air flow field plate 102 and the membrane electrode 103, so that the first defining structure 104 and the second defining structure 105 can perform the defining function.
Illustratively, the material of the first defining structure 104 and the material of the second defining structure 105 are the same or different, and are selected from one of a polymer material and a metal, for example, the polymer material may be selected from a material having plasticity, such as rubber or plastic, and is preferably selected from a plastic material.
Illustratively, the first defining structure 104 and the second defining structure 105 have the same or different structures, and refer to fig. 6, and are selected from one of a rectangular bar structure, a cylindrical structure, or a triangular prism structure. When the rectangular strip-shaped structure is used, two connecting surfaces (the connecting surfaces are the surfaces connected with a hydrogen flow field plate, an air flow field plate or a membrane electrode) are stable and do not slide, stress is uniformly distributed when the rectangular strip-shaped structure is extruded, obvious indentations are not generated, the rectangular strip-shaped structure is more suitable for double-sided arrangement, and a cylindrical structure or a triangular prism structure is suitable for single-sided arrangement. In particular, a rectangular strip structure is preferred. However, the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure of other structures are also within the protection scope of the present patent.
When setting up limit structure, can adopt some glue, the reverse mould, seal and carve or the printing mode setting, for example, adopt the point gum machine to set up cylindric structure of injecing, adopt the technique of falling the mould to set up the structure of injecing of any structure, adopt seal and carve or the technique of printing to set up strip structure of injecing or the structure is injecited to the triangular prism. However, other arrangements of the first and second limiting structures are also within the scope of this patent.
Specifically, when the first limiting structure is provided, referring to fig. 5, the first limiting structure 104 is provided continuously or sectionally on the side of the hydrogen flow field plate 101 having the hydrogen flow channel 101a, or the first limiting structure 104 is provided continuously or sectionally on the side of the membrane electrode 103 having the carbon paper 103a, and the continuous first limiting structure 104, i.e. the first limiting structure 104, is in a closed type, for example, the first limiting structure 104 in 5-1 shown in fig. 5 is in a closed type, and the segmented first limiting structure 104, i.e. the first limiting structure 104, is in a non-closed type, for example, the first limiting structure 104 in 5-2 and 5-3 shown in fig. 5 is in a non-closed type, which can improve the stability of the whole cell and also facilitate the overall dimensional uniformity of the cell assembly, and the non-closed type facilitates the adhesive to extend outwards along the gap of the non-closed first limiting structure, thereby expanding the bonding range, the adhesion of the whole single cell is improved.
Specifically, when the second defining structure is provided, referring to fig. 5, the second defining structure 105 is continuously or sectionally provided on the side of the air flow field plate 102 having the air flow channels 102a, or the second defining structure 105 is continuously or sectionally provided on the side of the membrane electrode 103 having the carbon paper 103a, and the second defining structure 105 and the first defining structure 104 may also adopt a closed type and an unclosed type, and the technical effects achieved by the closed type and the unclosed type are the same as those described above and will not be described herein again.
In some embodiments, the process of providing the first defining structure comprises:
arranging a first limiting structure on one side surface of the hydrogen flow field plate, which is provided with the hydrogen flow channel, and close to the edge; or a first limiting structure is arranged on one side surface, provided with the carbon paper, of the membrane electrode and close to the edge, wherein the first limiting structure is arranged in an area 0-5 mm away from the edge, and preferably, the first limiting structure is arranged in an area 0.5-3 mm away from the edge. The specific location of the first defining structure may also be defined in terms of the dimensions of the hydrogen flow field plate or membrane electrode.
In some embodiments, the process of providing the second defining structure comprises:
arranging a second limiting structure on one side surface of the air flow channel and close to the edge of the air flow field plate; or a second limiting structure is arranged on the other side surface with the carbon paper and close to the edge, wherein the second limiting structure is arranged in an area 0-5 mm away from the edge, and preferably, the second limiting structure is arranged in an area 0.5-3 mm away from the edge. The specific location of the second defining structure may also be defined in terms of the size of the air flow field plate or membrane electrode.
Illustratively, the action widths of the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure are 0.5-2 mm, the action width is the width dimension of the connecting surface of the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure, as shown in FIG. 2, d1 is the action width of the first limiting structure, and d2 is the action width of the second limiting structure. Preferably, the action width of the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure is 0.5-1 mm. When the sizes of the hydrogen flow field plate, the air flow field plate and the membrane electrode are increased, the action width range can be also properly expanded.
Illustratively, the height H1 of the first defining structure satisfies: h1 is H1+ H2-x, wherein H1 is the thickness of the carbon paper on the side, close to the hydrogen flow field plate, of the membrane electrode, H2 is the radial height of the hydrogen flow channel of the hydrogen flow field plate, x is the compression margin of the carbon paper on the side, close to the hydrogen flow field plate, of the membrane electrode and the hydrogen flow channel, and x is 0-30 μm, and the value range of x can be adjusted according to the assembly requirements of single cells.
Illustratively, the height H2 of the second defining structure satisfies: h2 ═ H1 '+ H2' -x ', wherein H1' is the thickness of the carbon paper in the membrane electrode close to one side of the air flow field plate, H2 'is the radial height of the air flow channel of the air flow field plate, x' is the compression margin between the carbon paper in the membrane electrode close to one side of the air flow field plate and the air flow channel, x 'is 0-30 μm, and the value range of x' can be adjusted according to the assembly requirements of single cells. When the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure meet the height requirements, the flow channel can not be extruded and deformed, and the electrical connection of the hydrogen flow field plate, the membrane electrode and the air flow field plate can be realized.
S2, assembling a hydrogen flow field plate, a membrane electrode and an air flow field plate:
referring to fig. 2 to 4, the hydrogen flow field plate 101, the membrane electrode 103 and the air flow field plate 102 are stacked, bonded and repressurized to form a single cell 1, wherein the first defining structure 104 and the second defining structure 105 are configured to define the thickness of the single cell 1.
In an exemplary, specific assembly, and with reference to fig. 2, an adhesive 106 is placed on the inside of the hydrogen flow field plate 101 on the first defining structure 104, and on the inside of the air flow field plate 102 on the second defining structure 105; then, the hydrogen flow field plate 101, the membrane electrode 103 and the air flow field plate 102 are arranged in a laminated manner; pressure is again applied and the dry-cured product is formed into a single cell 1 as shown in fig. 4.
Illustratively, in particular assembly, and with reference to fig. 3, an adhesive 106 is placed on the hydrogen flow field plate 101 and on the air flow field plate 102; then, the hydrogen flow field plate 101, the membrane electrode 103 and the air flow field plate 102 are arranged in a laminated manner; and applying pressure again, and performing dry-curing molding to form the single cell 1 as shown in fig. 4, wherein the first limiting structure 104 is positioned on the outer side of the adhesive 106, and the second limiting structure 105 is also positioned on the outer side of the adhesive 106.
When pressure is applied, the value range of the applied pressure is 0.5-2 N.m, wherein the applied force can not be cancelled until the single cell 1 adhesive 106 is dried and solidified. Preferably, the applied pressure is in the range of 1-2 N.m.
When the single cell is assembled by the assembling method, the first limiting structure 104 can limit the distance between the hydrogen flow field plate 101 and the membrane electrode 103, the second limiting structure 105 can limit the distance between the air flow field plate 102 and the membrane electrode 103, especially when pressure is applied, due to the existence of the first limiting structure 104 and the second limiting structure 105, the phenomenon that the performance of the single cell is affected due to the fact that the hydrogen flow channel 101a and the air flow channel 102a are extruded and deformed is effectively avoided, the design requirements between the hydrogen flow channel 101a and the carbon paper 103a and between the air flow channel 102a and the carbon paper 103a can be guaranteed, and the phenomenon that electric energy is converted into heat energy due to the fact that large gaps exist is avoided.
The batch of single cells manufactured by the assembly method can ensure that the performance of each single cell has smaller difference, and finally realize standardized production.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a single cell manufactured by the above-described single cell assembly method, and referring to fig. 4, the single cell includes: the membrane electrode assembly comprises a hydrogen flow field plate 101, an air flow field plate 102 and a membrane electrode 103, wherein the hydrogen flow field plate 101 and the air flow field plate 102 are oppositely arranged, the membrane electrode 103 is clamped between the hydrogen flow field plate 101 and the air flow field plate 102, a first limiting structure 104 is arranged between the hydrogen flow field plate 101 and the membrane electrode 103, and a second limiting structure 105 is arranged between the air flow field plate 102 and the membrane electrode 103.
The first limiting structure 104 and the second limiting structure 105 are not only supporting structures but also protecting structures, so that the structures of the single cells are unified, the manufacturing yield of the single cells is improved, and particularly, the performance of the single cells can be improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and referring to fig. 7, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the unit cell: the assembling method of the single cell is adopted to assemble the single cell, and the specific assembling method and the achieved technical effects are the same as those described above and are not described herein.
S2, leak detection of a single cell: and respectively pressurizing a hydrogen flow channel and an air flow channel of the single cell so as to detect whether a leakage point exists in the single cell.
The leakage detection method has the advantages that leakage detection is carried out on the assembled monocells, whether leakage points exist or not and the positions of the leakage points can be directly found, the leakage points can be conveniently repaired in time, the rate of finished products of the monocells is improved, and particularly the phenomena that leakage detection difficulty is large, the positions of the leakage points are difficult to determine and repair are difficult due to the fact that leakage detection is carried out after a plurality of monocells are assembled into a galvanic pile are prevented.
Illustratively, the process of leak detecting the single cell includes: and blocking a hydrogen flow passage outlet and an air flow passage outlet of the single cell, respectively installing pressure detection elements at the hydrogen flow passage outlet and the air flow passage outlet, respectively pressurizing the hydrogen flow passage inlet and the air flow passage inlet, and detecting whether a leakage point exists in the single cell through the pressure detection elements. The pressurizing pressure range is 50-300 KPa, preferably 200 KPa. Respectively pressurizing the air flow channels in the hydrogen flow channels, observing whether the pressure is reduced or not through the pressure detection element after 2-10 minutes, if the pressure is reduced, indicating that a leak point exists, and if the pressure is not reduced, indicating that no leak point exists, and when the leak point exists, detecting the gas flow channels with the leak points by using a gas leak detector, determining the positions of the leak points, and finally repairing the leak points.
S3, assembling the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack: firstly, connecting a plurality of qualified monocells in series to form a battery pack, and respectively and sequentially installing a current collecting plate, an insulating layer and an end plate at two ends of the battery pack to form a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
During the process of assembling the battery pack:
referring to fig. 8, a third defining structure 107 is provided on a connection surface of the unit cells, which is a surface for connecting with the remaining unit cells, and a plurality of the unit cells 1 are connected in series to form a battery pack, the third defining structure being configured to define a distance between adjacent two of the battery packs.
During specific assembly, a plurality of single cells are connected in series according to a certain sequence and direction, pressure is applied after dispensing, a battery pack is formed after the glue is dried, and the value range of the applied pressure is 0.5-5.0 N.m.
The cooling liquid flow channel is formed in the connecting surface of the single battery, the structure of the cooling liquid flow channel is easy to deform when pressure is applied, the cooling effect of the final battery pack is further influenced, the performance of the battery pack is influenced, the distance between every two adjacent battery packs is limited through the third limiting structure, and the extrusion of the cooling liquid flow channel can be avoided.
For example, the structure of the third defining structure 107 may also be selected from one of a rectangular strip structure, a cylindrical structure, or a triangular prism structure, or another structure, and may be the same as or different from the structures of the first defining structure 104 and the second defining structure 105.
Illustratively, the material of the third defining structure 107 is selected from one of a polymer material and a metal, for example, the polymer material may be selected from a material having plasticity, such as rubber or plastic, and preferably a plastic material is selected.
For example, the third limiting structure 107 may also be disposed by dispensing, reverse molding, imprinting or printing.
Illustratively, the third defining structure 107 may be in a closed configuration or a non-closed configuration.
When the battery pack is assembled, if the number of the single cells is large, for example, the number of the single cells exceeds 10, in order to improve the assembly efficiency, each single cell is not subjected to leakage detection, a plurality of single cells are firstly grouped and assembled into a plurality of sub battery packs, each sub battery pack comprises 2-5 single cells, the sub battery packs are subjected to leakage detection, and finally the plurality of sub battery packs are connected in series to form the battery pack, so that the leakage detection times can be reduced, and the assembly efficiency is improved.
Specifically, the two ends of the battery pack are respectively and sequentially provided with a current collecting plate 2, an insulating layer 3 and an end plate 4 in a stacking mode, and glue dispensing, bonding and pressure applying are carried out until colloid is dried and solidified to form the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
After assembling the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, the method also comprises the following steps:
s4, leak detection of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack:
and performing gas leakage detection on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, repairing the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack if the sealing performance is unqualified, and finishing the preparation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack if the sealing performance is qualified. The specific leak detection process is as follows: carrying out single air leakage detection on the hydrogen flow channel, the air flow channel and the cooling liquid flow channel in sequence; specifically, when the hydrogen flow channel is detected, the gas outlet of the hydrogen flow channel is closed, 200Kpa of air is introduced into the inlet, the inlet is closed, the gas is blocked in the hydrogen flow channel, a pressure detection element is embedded into the closed flow channel to measure the pressure value in the flow channel, and the pressure value is reduced by less than 3% in 10 minutes to be qualified. The same method is used to detect whether the air flow passage and the cooling liquid flow passage are air-leaked.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and referring to fig. 8 and 9, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack includes: the battery pack comprises a plurality of single cells 1 connected in series, a third limiting structure 107 is arranged between every two adjacent single cells 1, each single cell 1 comprises a hydrogen flow field plate 101 and an air flow field plate 102 which are oppositely arranged, a membrane electrode 103 is clamped between the hydrogen flow field plate 101 and the air flow field plate 102, a first limiting structure 104 is arranged between the hydrogen flow field plate 101 and the membrane electrode 103, and a second limiting structure 105 is arranged between the air flow field plate 102 and the membrane electrode 103.
The thickness dimension of the single cell and the thickness dimension of the battery pack are defined by the first limiting structure 104, the second limiting structure 105 and the third limiting structure 107, and meanwhile, the internal structure of the single cell and the internal structure of the battery pack are protected, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is standardized, and the defect that the performance of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is influenced due to the poor performance of part of the single cells is avoided.
In the description herein, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method of assembling a single cell, the method comprising:
setting a limiting structure: arranging a first limiting structure on one side of the hydrogen flow field plate, which is provided with a hydrogen flow channel, and arranging a second limiting structure on one side of the air flow field plate, which is provided with an air flow channel; or
Arranging a first limiting structure on one side of the membrane electrode, which is provided with the carbon paper, and arranging a second limiting structure on the other side of the membrane electrode, which is provided with the carbon paper;
assembling a hydrogen flow field plate, a membrane electrode and an air flow field plate: stacking the hydrogen flow field plate, the membrane electrode and the air flow field plate, bonding and repressurizing to form a single cell, wherein the first defining structure is located between the hydrogen flow field plate and the membrane electrode to define a distance between the hydrogen flow field plate and the membrane electrode by the first defining structure, and the second defining structure is located between the air flow field plate and the membrane electrode to define a distance between the air flow field plate and the membrane electrode by the second defining structure; the hydrogen flow channel is positioned between the carbon paper on one side of the membrane electrode close to the hydrogen flow field plate and the hydrogen flow field plate, and the air flow channel is positioned between the carbon paper on one side of the membrane electrode close to the air flow field plate and the air flow field plate;
the height H1 of the first defining structure satisfies: h1 ═ H1+ H2-x, where H1 is the thickness of the carbon paper in the membrane electrode on the side close to the hydrogen flow field plate, H2 is the radial height of the hydrogen flow channel of the hydrogen flow field plate, and x is the compression margin between the carbon paper in the membrane electrode on the side close to the hydrogen flow field plate and the hydrogen flow channel; and/or
The height H2 of the second defining structure satisfies: h2 ═ H '1 + H' 2-x ', where H' 1 is the thickness of the carbon paper in the membrane electrode near one side of the air flow field plate, H '2 is the radial height of the air flow channel of the air flow field plate, and x' is the compression margin between the carbon paper in the membrane electrode near one side of the air flow field plate and the air flow channel.
2. The method of assembling of claim 1, wherein in the step of providing a defining structure comprises:
the hydrogen flow field plate is provided with a first limiting structure continuously or sectionally on one side of the hydrogen flow field plate with the hydrogen flow channel, and the air flow field plate is provided with a second limiting structure continuously or sectionally on one side of the air flow channel; or
A first limiting structure is continuously or sectionally arranged on one side of the membrane electrode with the carbon paper, and a second limiting structure is continuously or sectionally arranged on the other side of the membrane electrode with the carbon paper.
3. The method of assembling of claim 1, wherein in the step of providing a defining structure comprises:
a first limiting structure is arranged on one side surface of the hydrogen flow field plate, which is provided with a hydrogen flow channel, and close to the edge, and a second limiting structure is arranged on one side surface of the air flow field plate, which is provided with an air flow channel, and close to the edge; or
A first limiting structure is arranged on one side surface, close to the edge, of the membrane electrode, wherein the carbon paper is arranged on the side surface, and a second limiting structure is arranged on the other side surface, close to the edge, of the membrane electrode.
4. The method of assembling of claim 3, wherein the first and/or second limiting structure is provided in an area of 0-5 mm from an edge.
5. The method of assembling of claim 1, wherein in the step of providing a defining structure comprises: and arranging the limiting structure by adopting a dispensing, mold reversing, imprinting or printing mode.
6. The assembly method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second limiting structures are made of the same or different material and are selected from one of a polymer material and a metal.
7. The assembly method according to claim 1, wherein the first defining structure and the second defining structure have the same or different structures, and are selected from one of a rectangular bar structure, a cylindrical structure, or a triangular prism structure.
8. The assembly method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second limiting structures have an effective width of 0.5 to 2 mm.
9. A single cell, comprising:
a cell assembled by the method for assembling a cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A preparation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is characterized by comprising the following steps:
assembling a single cell: assembling a cell by the method for assembling a cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
leak detection of a single cell: respectively pressurizing a hydrogen flow channel and an air flow channel of the single cell, and detecting whether a leakage point exists in the single cell to obtain a qualified single cell;
assembling a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack: firstly, connecting a plurality of qualified monocells in series to form a battery pack, and respectively and sequentially installing a current collecting plate, an insulating layer and an end plate at two ends of the battery pack to form a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
11. The method of manufacturing according to claim 10, wherein: the method for detecting the single cell comprises the following steps:
and blocking a hydrogen flow passage outlet and an air flow passage outlet of the single cell, respectively installing pressure detection elements at the hydrogen flow passage outlet and the air flow passage outlet, respectively pressurizing the hydrogen flow passage inlet and the air flow passage inlet, and detecting whether a leakage point exists in the single cell through the pressure detection elements.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein, when the single cells are connected in series during assembly of the pem fuel cell stack: and arranging a third limiting structure on a connecting surface of the single battery, and connecting a plurality of single batteries in series to form an assembled battery, wherein the connecting surface is used for connecting with the rest single batteries.
13. The method of claim 10, further comprising, after assembling the pem fuel cell stack:
leak detection of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack: and performing gas leakage detection on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, repairing the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack if the sealing performance is unqualified, and finishing the preparation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack if the sealing performance is qualified.
14. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, comprising:
a pem fuel cell stack prepared by the process of any one of claims 10 to 13.
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| CN1856897A (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2006-11-01 | 韦巴斯托股份公司 | Method and device for producing a fuel cell stack |
| CN1858926A (en) * | 2005-04-30 | 2006-11-08 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Sealing device of proton exchanging film fuel cell unit |
| KR20090113432A (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-02 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Separator Continuous Leakage Inspection Device for Fuel Cell |
| CN103063375A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-24 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | An online test method for studying the assembly force and sealing performance of fuel cell stacks |
| CN203218381U (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-09-25 | 南京大学（苏州）高新技术研究院 | proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1856897A (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2006-11-01 | 韦巴斯托股份公司 | Method and device for producing a fuel cell stack |
| CN1858926A (en) * | 2005-04-30 | 2006-11-08 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Sealing device of proton exchanging film fuel cell unit |
| KR20090113432A (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-02 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Separator Continuous Leakage Inspection Device for Fuel Cell |
| CN103063375A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-24 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | An online test method for studying the assembly force and sealing performance of fuel cell stacks |
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