CN110762537A - A method and device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash - Google Patents
A method and device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims description 50
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
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- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的方法及装置，属于飞灰处置技术领域。本发明将焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰混合，在含氧气氛中发生气化‑熔融反应或燃烧‑熔融反应，得到液态渣和混合气产物，所述混合气产物为可燃气或烟气；所述液态渣经第一冷却处理后形成玻璃态渣；所述混合气产物依次经第二冷却处理、气体除尘处理和气体净化处理，得到净化可燃气或净化烟气，收集所述净化可燃气再利用，所述净化烟气达标排放。本发明提供的方法气化或燃烧过程利用气化飞灰的自身热值，无需外加辅助燃料；且利用两种飞灰中自身无机盐成分，熔融过程无需额外添加使气化飞灰的灰分和焚烧飞灰形成具有玻璃成分的辅助材料，生产成本低，适宜规模化生产。
The invention provides a method and a device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash, belonging to the technical field of fly ash disposal. In the present invention, incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash are mixed, and gasification-melting reaction or combustion-melting reaction occurs in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to obtain liquid slag and mixed gas product, and the mixed gas product is combustible gas or flue gas; The liquid slag is subjected to the first cooling treatment to form glassy slag; the mixed gas product is sequentially subjected to the second cooling treatment, gas dust removal treatment and gas purification treatment to obtain purified combustible gas or purified flue gas, and the purified combustible gas is collected and recycled. Using, the purified flue gas is discharged up to the standard. The gasification or combustion process of the method provided by the present invention utilizes the self-heating value of the gasified fly ash without adding auxiliary fuel; and utilizes the self-inorganic salt components in the two kinds of fly ash, and the melting process does not need to add additional ash and ash content of the gasified fly ash. The incineration fly ash forms auxiliary materials with glass components, and the production cost is low, which is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及飞灰处置技术领域，尤其涉及一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的方法及装置。The invention relates to the technical field of fly ash disposal, in particular to a method and device for co-disposal of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash.
背景技术Background technique
焚烧飞灰包括垃圾焚烧飞灰与危废焚烧飞灰，这两类飞灰由于富集多种重金属及二噁英类污染物，被列入2016版《国家危险废物名录》，属于危险废物(HW18)。Incineration fly ash includes waste incineration fly ash and hazardous waste incineration fly ash. These two types of fly ash are included in the 2016 edition of the "National Hazardous Waste List" because they are enriched in various heavy metals and dioxin pollutants, and are classified as hazardous waste ( HW18).
垃圾焚烧飞灰是生活垃圾焚烧厂烟气净化系统收集而得的残余物，垃圾焚烧飞灰产生量巨大，是我国危废管理的重点和难点之一。目前我国城市生活垃圾焚烧厂已达300多家，年焚烧处理能力达到7000万吨，垃圾焚烧飞灰产量与垃圾种类、焚烧条件、焚烧炉型和烟气处理工艺有关，按5～8％飞灰产生比例计算，每年产生350～560万吨垃圾焚烧飞灰。垃圾焚烧飞灰呈深灰或灰白色，平均粒径一般为40～60μm，其中以K、Na、Ca的氯化物为主体的可溶性盐含量为15～25％，并含有各种重金属与二噁英等危害物。The waste incineration fly ash is the residue collected by the flue gas purification system of the domestic waste incineration plant. At present, there are more than 300 municipal solid waste incineration plants in my country, with an annual incineration processing capacity of 70 million tons. The output of waste incineration fly ash is related to the type of waste, incineration conditions, incinerator type and flue gas treatment process. According to the proportion of ash production, 3.5-5.6 million tons of waste incineration fly ash will be produced every year. The waste incineration fly ash is dark gray or gray-white, and the average particle size is generally 40-60 μm. The content of soluble salts mainly composed of K, Na, and Ca chlorides is 15-25%, and contains various heavy metals and dioxins. and other hazards.
危废焚烧飞灰是危废焚烧厂烟气净化系统收集而得的残余物，危废焚烧飞灰产生量大、危害性强，同样是我国危废管理的重点和难点之一。2018年，我国危废以焚烧方式处置量为400万吨，按照5～10％飞灰产生比例计算，危废焚烧飞灰的产生量为20～40万吨。危废焚烧飞灰和垃圾焚烧飞灰同样具有含水率低、形状不规则、孔隙率高、粒径小(平均粒径一般为40～60μm)及比表面积大等特点，主要成分为Na、Ca、K、Cl、S、Si等。Hazardous waste incineration fly ash is the residue collected by the flue gas purification system of hazardous waste incineration plants. Hazardous waste incineration fly ash produces a large amount and is highly harmful. It is also one of the key and difficult points of hazardous waste management in my country. In 2018, the amount of hazardous waste disposed of by incineration in my country was 4 million tons. According to the proportion of fly ash produced by 5-10%, the amount of fly ash produced by hazardous waste incineration was 200,000 to 400,000 tons. Hazardous waste incineration fly ash and waste incineration fly ash also have the characteristics of low moisture content, irregular shape, high porosity, small particle size (average particle size is generally 40-60 μm) and large specific surface area. The main components are Na and Ca. , K, Cl, S, Si, etc.
目前，焚烧飞灰以稳定化固化后安全填埋为主，但是由于填埋场库容有限，且固化方式有待改进，如采用螯合剂对焚烧飞灰进行固化，螯合剂稳定性有待提高。基于此，专家学者积极研究开发焚烧飞灰的无害化及资源化处理方法，最具代表性的是飞灰高温熔融玻璃化技术，该技术通过电、燃料熔融玻璃化等热处理工艺，能稳定固化焚烧飞灰中的重金属，但为实现焚烧飞灰熔融需要消耗较多的能量；另外，为了降低灰熔点及有利于玻璃体的形成，熔融过程需额外添加一定量的Ca、Al、Si无机盐，增加了物料消耗。因此该技术需要消耗大量的能源，处理成本较高。At present, incineration fly ash is mainly landfilled after stabilization and solidification. However, due to the limited storage capacity of the landfill, and the solidification method needs to be improved, such as using a chelating agent to solidify the incineration fly ash, the stability of the chelating agent needs to be improved. Based on this, experts and scholars are actively researching and developing the harmless and resourceful treatment methods of incineration fly ash. The most representative is the high-temperature melting vitrification technology of fly ash. To solidify the heavy metals in the incineration fly ash, but in order to achieve the melting of the incineration fly ash, it needs to consume a lot of energy; in addition, in order to reduce the ash melting point and facilitate the formation of the glass body, a certain amount of Ca, Al, Si inorganic salts need to be added during the melting process. , increased material consumption. Therefore, the technology needs to consume a lot of energy, and the processing cost is high.
近些年来，煤炭气化技术在我国经济发展中发挥着极其重要的作用，但气化过程中部分未反应的碳及细渣会由合成气带出，产生一定量的气化飞灰，初步估计年产量在50～100万吨。气化飞灰的热值为2500～4000kCal/kg，平均粒径30～50μm。目前，气化飞灰通常用于道路工程、矿井回填或土壤改良，导致气化飞灰的热值以及含有的未燃碳不能直接利用，造成资源浪费。In recent years, coal gasification technology has played an extremely important role in my country's economic development, but part of the unreacted carbon and fine slag during the gasification process will be carried out by the syngas, resulting in a certain amount of gasification fly ash. The annual output is estimated at 500,000 to 1,000,000 tons. The calorific value of the vaporized fly ash is 2500-4000 kCal/kg, and the average particle size is 30-50 μm. At present, gasification fly ash is usually used for road engineering, mine backfill or soil improvement, resulting in the calorific value of gasification fly ash and the unburned carbon contained in it cannot be used directly, resulting in waste of resources.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的方法及装置，本发明提供的方法能够实现焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰的无害化处理和资源化利用，且无需采用外加辅助材料，生产成本低，适宜规模化生产。The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash, the method provided by the present invention can realize the harmless treatment and resource utilization of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash, and does not require Using external auxiliary materials, the production cost is low, and it is suitable for large-scale production.
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明提供了一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的方法，包括以下步骤：The invention provides a method for co-disposal of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash, comprising the following steps:
将焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰混合，在含氧气氛中发生气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应，得到液态渣和混合气产物，所述混合气产物为可燃气或烟气；The incineration fly ash and the gasification fly ash are mixed, and a gasification-melting reaction or a combustion-melting reaction occurs in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to obtain a liquid slag and a mixed gas product, and the mixed gas product is combustible gas or flue gas;
所述液态渣经第一冷却处理后形成玻璃态渣；The liquid slag forms glassy slag after the first cooling treatment;
所述混合气产物依次经第二冷却处理、气体除尘处理和气体净化处理，得到净化可燃气或净化烟气，收集所述净化可燃气再利用，所述净化烟气达标排放。The mixed gas product is sequentially subjected to the second cooling treatment, gas dust removal treatment and gas purification treatment to obtain purified combustible gas or purified flue gas, and the purified combustible gas is collected for reuse, and the purified flue gas is discharged up to the standard.
优选地，所述焚烧飞灰包括垃圾焚烧飞灰和/或危废焚烧飞灰。Preferably, the incineration fly ash includes waste incineration fly ash and/or hazardous waste incineration fly ash.
优选地，进行所述气化-熔融反应时，焚烧飞灰的质量为气化飞灰质量的5～15％；所述气化-熔融反应后得到的混合气产物为可燃气。Preferably, during the gasification-melting reaction, the mass of the incineration fly ash is 5-15% of the mass of the gasification fly ash; the mixed gas product obtained after the gasification-melting reaction is combustible gas.
优选地，所述气化-熔融反应过程中体系的温度为1350～1550℃。Preferably, the temperature of the system during the gasification-melting reaction is 1350-1550°C.
优选地，进行所述燃烧-熔融反应时，焚烧飞灰的质量为气化飞灰质量的20～50％；所述燃烧-熔融反应后得到的混合气产物为烟气。Preferably, during the combustion-melting reaction, the mass of the incineration fly ash is 20-50% of the mass of the gasified fly ash; the mixed gas product obtained after the combustion-melting reaction is flue gas.
优选地，所述燃烧-熔融反应过程中体系的温度为1400～1600℃。Preferably, the temperature of the system during the combustion-melting reaction is 1400-1600°C.
优选地，所述第一冷却处理是将物料冷却至≤100℃；所述第二冷却处理是将物料冷却至≤160℃。Preferably, the first cooling process is to cool the material to ≤100°C; the second cooling process is to cool the material to ≤160°C.
本发明提供了一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置，包括顺次连通的储罐、进料仓和气流床，所述气流床的顶部并联设置有点火系统和一次风管道，所述气流床的底部设置有排渣-冷却系统，所述气流床的排气口顺次连通有气体冷却系统、气体除尘系统和气体净化系统。The invention provides a device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash. The bottom of the entrained bed is provided with a slag discharge-cooling system, and the exhaust port of the entrained bed is sequentially connected with a gas cooling system, a gas dust removal system and a gas purification system.
优选地，还包括制氮系统，所述制氮系统的两个出气口分别与所述进料仓和气体除尘系统连通。Preferably, a nitrogen production system is also included, and the two gas outlets of the nitrogen production system are respectively communicated with the feed bin and the gas dust removal system.
优选地，所述排渣-冷却系统包括排渣阀门和排渣罐，所述排渣罐通过排渣阀门与气流床连接，所述排渣罐中的冷却介质为水。Preferably, the slag discharge-cooling system includes a slag discharge valve and a slag discharge tank, the slag discharge tank is connected to the air flow bed through the slag discharge valve, and the cooling medium in the slag discharge tank is water.
本发明提供了一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的方法，包括以下步骤：将焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰混合，将焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰混合，在含氧气氛中发生气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应，得到液态渣和混合气产物，所述混合气产物为可燃气或烟气；所述液态渣经第一冷却处理后形成玻璃态渣；所述混合气产物依次经第二冷却处理、气体除尘处理和气体净化处理，得到净化可燃气或净化烟气，收集所述净化可燃气再利用，所述净化烟气达标排放。本发明将焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置，在含氧气氛中，利用气化飞灰的气化或燃烧产生的高温，将气化飞灰的灰分和焚烧飞灰共同熔融，冷却后形成玻璃态渣，可作为建材使用，实现了无害化处置和资源化利用。因此，本发明提供的方法气化或燃烧过程利用气化飞灰的自身热值，无需外加辅助燃料；且利用两种飞灰中自身无机盐成分(CaO、SiO2、Al2O3)，熔融过程无需额外添加使气化飞灰的灰分和焚烧飞灰形成具有玻璃成分的辅助材料，生产成本低，适宜规模化生产。The invention provides a method for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash. chemical-melting reaction or combustion-melting reaction to obtain liquid slag and mixed gas product, the mixed gas product is combustible gas or flue gas; the liquid slag is formed into glassy slag after the first cooling treatment; the mixed gas product Purified combustible gas or purified flue gas is obtained through the second cooling treatment, gas dust removal treatment and gas purification treatment in sequence, the purified combustible gas is collected and reused, and the purified flue gas is discharged up to the standard. In the invention, the incineration fly ash and the gasification fly ash are co-treated, and in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, the ash content of the gasification fly ash and the incineration fly ash are melted together by using the high temperature generated by the gasification or combustion of the gasification fly ash, and after cooling The vitreous slag is formed, which can be used as a building material, realizing harmless disposal and resource utilization. Therefore, the gasification or combustion process of the method provided by the present invention utilizes the self - heating value of the gasified fly ash without adding auxiliary fuel ; In the melting process, there is no need to add additional ash content of the gasification fly ash and the incineration fly ash to form auxiliary materials with glass components, the production cost is low, and it is suitable for large-scale production.
本发明提供了一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置，包括顺次连通的储罐、进料仓和气流床，所述气流床的顶部并联设置有点火系统和一次风管道，所述气流床的底部设置有排渣-冷却系统，所述气流床的排气口顺次连通有气体冷却系统、气体除尘系统和气体净化系统。本发明提供的装置结构合理，无需特殊或昂贵部件，操作简单，能够实现焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置。The invention provides a device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash. The bottom of the entrained bed is provided with a slag discharge-cooling system, and the exhaust port of the entrained bed is sequentially connected with a gas cooling system, a gas dust removal system and a gas purification system. The device provided by the invention has a reasonable structure, does not need special or expensive components, is simple to operate, and can realize co-processing of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of the co-processing of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash in the present invention;
图2为本发明中焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置的另一结构示意图；Fig. 2 is another structural representation of the device for co-processing of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash in the present invention;
图3为本发明中共处置焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰时气化-熔融工艺流程图；Fig. 3 is the gasification-melting process flow chart when the present invention co-disposes the incineration fly ash and the gasification fly ash;
图4为本发明中共处置焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰时燃烧-熔融工艺流程图；Fig. 4 is the combustion-melting process flow chart when the present invention co-disposes incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash;
图中，1-1为焚烧飞灰储罐，1-1-1为垃圾焚烧飞灰储罐，1-1-2为危废焚烧飞灰储罐，1-2为气化飞灰储罐，2为进料仓，3为气流床，4为点火系统，5为一次风管道，6为排渣-冷却系统，7为气体冷却系统，8为气体除尘系统，9为气体净化系统，10-制氮系统。In the figure, 1-1 is the incineration fly ash storage tank, 1-1-1 is the waste incineration fly ash storage tank, 1-1-2 is the hazardous waste incineration fly ash storage tank, and 1-2 is the gasification fly ash storage tank , 2 is the feed bin, 3 is the entrained flow bed, 4 is the ignition system, 5 is the primary air duct, 6 is the slag discharge-cooling system, 7 is the gas cooling system, 8 is the gas dust removal system, 9 is the gas purification system, 10 - Nitrogen production system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供了一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的方法，包括以下步骤：The invention provides a method for co-disposal of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash, comprising the following steps:
将焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰混合，在含氧气氛中发生气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应，得到液态渣和混合气产物，所述混合气产物为可燃气或烟气；The incineration fly ash and the gasification fly ash are mixed, and a gasification-melting reaction or a combustion-melting reaction occurs in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to obtain a liquid slag and a mixed gas product, and the mixed gas product is combustible gas or flue gas;
所述液态渣经第一冷却处理后形成玻璃态渣；The liquid slag forms glassy slag after the first cooling treatment;
所述混合气产物依次经第二冷却处理、气体除尘处理和气体净化处理，得到净化可燃气或净化烟气，收集所述净化可燃气再利用，所述净化烟气达标排放。The mixed gas product is sequentially subjected to the second cooling treatment, gas dust removal treatment and gas purification treatment to obtain purified combustible gas or purified flue gas, and the purified combustible gas is collected for reuse, and the purified flue gas is discharged up to the standard.
本发明将焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰混合，在含氧气氛中发生气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应，得到液态渣和混合气产物，所述混合气产物为可燃气或烟气。在本发明中，焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰混合后，在含氧气氛中点火，气化飞灰中含有的碳在氧气作用下发生气化反应或充分燃烧，对应得到的混合气产物为可燃气(热值为1500～2000kCal/kg，所含的可燃成分包括CO和H2)或烟气，同时释放出大量热量，能够使焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰的灰分充分熔融，形成液态渣。In the present invention, incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash are mixed, and gasification-melting reaction or combustion-melting reaction occurs in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to obtain liquid slag and mixed gas product, and the mixed gas product is combustible gas or flue gas. In the present invention, after the incineration fly ash and the gasification fly ash are mixed, they are ignited in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and the carbon contained in the gasification fly ash undergoes a gasification reaction or is fully burned under the action of oxygen, and the corresponding mixed gas product obtained is a Gas (calorific value is 1500-2000kCal/kg, containing combustible components including CO and H 2 ) or flue gas, while releasing a lot of heat, can fully melt the ash of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash to form liquid slag.
在本发明中，所述焚烧飞灰优选包括垃圾焚烧飞灰和/或危废焚烧飞灰，所述垃圾焚烧飞灰具体是指生活垃圾焚烧厂烟气净化系统收集而得的残余物，所述危废焚烧飞灰具体是指危废焚烧厂烟气净化系统收集而得的残余物。本发明对于所述垃圾焚烧飞灰和危废焚烧飞灰的具体来源没有特殊限定，任意来源均可。在本发明中，所述焚烧飞灰的平均粒径优选为40～60μm。In the present invention, the incineration fly ash preferably includes garbage incineration fly ash and/or hazardous waste incineration fly ash. The hazardous waste incineration fly ash specifically refers to the residue collected by the flue gas purification system of the hazardous waste incineration plant. The present invention does not specifically limit the specific sources of the waste incineration fly ash and hazardous waste incineration fly ash, and any source may be used. In the present invention, the average particle size of the incineration fly ash is preferably 40 to 60 μm.
在本发明中，所述气化飞灰具体是指煤炭气化过程中部分未反应的碳及细渣被合成气带出形成的飞灰，平均粒径优选为30～50μm；本发明对于所述气化飞灰的具体来源没有特殊限定，任意来源均可。In the present invention, the gasification fly ash specifically refers to the fly ash formed by partially unreacted carbon and fine slag carried out by the synthesis gas during the coal gasification process, and the average particle size is preferably 30-50 μm; The specific source of the gasification fly ash is not particularly limited, and any source may be used.
在本发明中，焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰的配比、氧气用量会影响点火后体系发生的化学反应过程，具体的：焚烧飞灰的质量为气化飞灰质量的5～15％，当体系处于贫氧状态(即氧气含量相对不足)时，体系中主要发生气化-熔融反应，利用气化飞灰气化放出的热量(碳经气化反应生成CO)，体系的温度能够达到1350～1550℃，焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰的灰分充分熔融；焚烧飞灰的质量为气化飞灰质量的20～50％，当体系处于富氧状态(即氧气含量相对过量)时，体系中主要发生燃烧-熔融反应，利用气化飞灰充分燃烧放出的热量(碳经充分燃烧生成CO2)，体系的温度能够达到1400～1600℃，焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰的灰分充分熔融。In the present invention, the ratio of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash, and the amount of oxygen used will affect the chemical reaction process that occurs in the system after ignition. When the system is in an oxygen-depleted state (that is, the oxygen content is relatively insufficient), the gasification-melting reaction mainly occurs in the system, and the temperature of the system can reach 1350 by using the heat released by the gasification of the gasification fly ash (carbon is generated by the gasification reaction to CO). ～1550℃, the ash content of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash is fully melted; the mass of incineration fly ash is 20-50% of the mass of gasification fly ash, when the system is in an oxygen-enriched state (that is, the oxygen content is relatively excessive), in the system The combustion-melting reaction mainly occurs, and the heat released by the gasification fly ash is fully burned (the carbon is fully burned to generate CO 2 ).
本发明对提供含氧气氛的气化剂种类以及氧气含量没有特殊的限定，根据实际需要选择合适的气化剂即可，具体可以为空气、纯氧气或富氧气体，本发明对于所述富氧气体没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的富氧气体即可；气化剂的通入量根据实际需要确定，以能够保证上述气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应顺利进行为宜，本发明对此不作特殊限定。The present invention does not have special limitations on the type of gasification agent and the oxygen content for providing an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and a suitable gasification agent can be selected according to actual needs. Specifically, it can be air, pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas. Oxygen gas is not particularly limited, and oxygen-enriched gas well known to those skilled in the art can be used; the feeding amount of the gasification agent is determined according to actual needs, so as to ensure the smooth progress of the above-mentioned gasification-melting reaction or combustion-melting reaction. , which is not particularly limited in the present invention.
在本发明中，所述气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应具体可以经点火引发，本发明对此不作特殊限定。In the present invention, the gasification-melting reaction or the combustion-melting reaction can be specifically initiated by ignition, which is not particularly limited in the present invention.
在本发明中，得到液态渣后，所述液态渣经第一冷却处理后形成玻璃态渣。在本发明中，所述第一冷却处理优选是将物料冷却至≤100℃。本发明对于所述第一冷却处理采用的方式没有特殊的限定，优选是采用常温条件下的水作为冷却介质对液态渣进行冷却处理。在本发明中，所述玻璃态渣可以作为建筑材料使用，实现了废弃资源的充分利用。In the present invention, after the liquid slag is obtained, the liquid slag is subjected to a first cooling treatment to form a glassy slag. In the present invention, the first cooling treatment is preferably to cool the material to ≤100°C. In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the method used for the first cooling treatment. Preferably, water under normal temperature conditions is used as the cooling medium to cool the liquid slag. In the present invention, the vitreous slag can be used as a building material, thereby realizing the full utilization of waste resources.
在本发明中，得到混合气产物后，所述混合气产物依次经第二冷却处理、气体除尘处理和气体净化处理，得到净化可燃气或净化烟气，收集所述净化可燃气再利用，所述净化烟气达标排放。在本发明中，所述第二冷却处理优选是将物料冷却至≤160℃，更优选是冷却至145～155℃。本发明对于所述第二冷却处理采用的方式没有特殊的限定，能够满足上述冷却温度的要求即可。本发明对于所述气体除尘处理没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的气体除尘处理技术方案即可。本发明对于所述气体净化处理没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的方法即可。在本发明中，经气体净化处理后，收集所得净化可燃气再利用，以实现资源的充分利用；所得净化烟气达标排放，不会对环境造成影响。In the present invention, after the mixed gas product is obtained, the mixed gas product is sequentially subjected to the second cooling treatment, gas dust removal treatment and gas purification treatment to obtain purified combustible gas or purified flue gas, and the purified combustible gas is collected and reused. The purified flue gas is discharged up to the standard. In the present invention, the second cooling treatment is preferably to cool the material to ≤160°C, more preferably to 145-155°C. The present invention has no particular limitation on the method used for the second cooling treatment, as long as the above cooling temperature requirement can be satisfied. The present invention has no special limitation on the gas dedusting treatment, and the gas dedusting treatment technical scheme well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. In the present invention, the gas purification treatment is not particularly limited, and a method well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present invention, after gas purification treatment, the collected purified combustible gas is reused to achieve full utilization of resources; the obtained purified flue gas is discharged up to the standard and will not affect the environment.
本发明提供了一种焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置，包括顺次连通的储罐、进料仓和气流床，所述气流床的顶部并联设置有点火系统和一次风管道，所述气流床的底部设置有排渣-冷却系统，所述气流床的排气口顺次连通有气体冷却系统、气体除尘系统和气体净化系统。The invention provides a device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash. The bottom of the entrained bed is provided with a slag discharge-cooling system, and the exhaust port of the entrained bed is sequentially connected with a gas cooling system, a gas dust removal system and a gas purification system.
本发明提供的焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置包括储罐，用于储存原料；本发明对储罐的材质、尺寸等不作特殊限定。The device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash provided by the present invention includes a storage tank for storing raw materials; the present invention does not specifically limit the material, size, etc. of the storage tank.
作为本发明的一个实施例，当采用的焚烧飞灰为危废焚烧飞灰或垃圾焚烧飞灰时，所述储罐包括焚烧飞灰储罐和气化飞灰储罐，所述焚烧飞灰储罐和所述气化飞灰储罐均与所述进料仓的进料口连通。作为本发明的一个实施例，当采用的焚烧飞灰为危废焚烧飞灰和垃圾焚烧飞灰时，所述储罐包括危废焚烧飞灰储罐、垃圾焚烧飞灰储罐和气化飞灰储罐，所述危废焚烧飞灰储罐、垃圾焚烧飞灰储罐和气化飞灰储罐均与所述进料仓的进料口连通。As an embodiment of the present invention, when the incineration fly ash used is hazardous waste incineration fly ash or garbage incineration fly ash, the storage tank includes an incineration fly ash storage tank and a gasification fly ash storage tank, and the incineration fly ash storage tank Both the tank and the gasification fly ash storage tank are communicated with the feed port of the feed bin. As an embodiment of the present invention, when the incineration fly ash used is hazardous waste incineration fly ash and garbage incineration fly ash, the storage tank includes a hazardous waste incineration fly ash storage tank, a garbage incineration fly ash storage tank and a gasification fly ash The storage tank, the hazardous waste incineration fly ash storage tank, the waste incineration fly ash storage tank and the gasification fly ash storage tank are all communicated with the feed inlet of the feed bin.
本发明提供的焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置包括进料仓，用于将来自储罐中的原料混合均匀后输送至气流床发生气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应；本发明对进料仓的材质、尺寸等不作特殊限定。作为本发明的一个实施例，所述焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置还包括制氮系统，所述制氮系统的一个出气口与所述进料仓连通，便于通过氮气将原料从进料仓输送至气流床。The device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash provided by the present invention includes a feed bin, which is used for mixing the raw materials from the storage tank uniformly and then transporting them to the entrained bed for gasification-melting reaction or combustion-melting reaction; The invention does not make any special restrictions on the material, size, etc. of the feed bin. As an embodiment of the present invention, the device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash further includes a nitrogen-generating system, and an outlet of the nitrogen-generating system is communicated with the feed bin, so that the raw materials can be removed by nitrogen. Transported from the feed silo to the entrained bed.
本发明提供的焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置包括气流床，在气流床中发生气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应；所述气流床优选为钢制、圆筒状反应器，本发明对其尺寸不作特殊限定。The device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash provided by the present invention includes an entrained bed, in which gasification-melting reaction or combustion-melting reaction occurs; the entrained bed is preferably a steel, cylindrical reactor , the size of which is not particularly limited in the present invention.
在本发明中，所述气流床的顶部并联设置有点火系统和一次风管道，分别用于点火和通入气化剂，以使焚烧飞灰和气化飞灰在气流床中进行气化-熔融反应或燃烧-熔融反应。In the present invention, an ignition system and a primary air duct are arranged in parallel on the top of the entrained bed, which are used to ignite and introduce gasification agent respectively, so that the incineration fly ash and the gasification fly ash are gasified-melted in the entrained bed. reaction or combustion-melting reaction.
作为本发明的一个实施例，所述点火系统为点火燃烧器，由点火油枪、高能点火器及火焰检测装置组成；其中，所述点火油枪为空气压力雾化式点火油枪，点火油枪所需燃料为0#轻柴油。As an embodiment of the present invention, the ignition system is an ignition burner, which is composed of an ignition oil gun, a high-energy igniter and a flame detection device; wherein, the ignition oil gun is an air pressure atomized ignition oil gun, and the ignition oil The fuel required for the gun is 0# light diesel.
本发明对于所述一次风管道没有特殊的限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的一次风管道即可。The present invention has no special limitation on the primary air duct, and a primary air duct well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
在本发明中，所述气流床的底部设置有排渣-冷却系统，用于将液态渣从气流床中排出并冷却形成玻璃态渣。In the present invention, the bottom of the entrained bed is provided with a slag discharge-cooling system for discharging liquid slag from the entrained bed and cooling to form glassy slag.
作为本发明的一个实施例，所述排渣-冷却系统包括排渣阀门和排渣罐，所述排渣罐通过排渣阀门与气流床连接，所述排渣罐中的冷却介质为水；其中，排渣阀门可以控制液态渣的排出速率以及排出量，如可以将液态渣间歇的排至排渣罐进行冷却，保证冷却效果，形成满足建材使用要求的玻璃态渣。As an embodiment of the present invention, the slag discharge-cooling system includes a slag discharge valve and a slag discharge tank, the slag discharge tank is connected to the air flow bed through the slag discharge valve, and the cooling medium in the slag discharge tank is water; Among them, the slag discharge valve can control the discharge rate and discharge amount of liquid slag. For example, the liquid slag can be intermittently discharged to the slag discharge tank for cooling to ensure the cooling effect and form vitreous slag that meets the requirements of building materials.
在本发明中，所述气流床的排气口顺次连通有气体冷却系统、气体除尘系统和气体净化系统，以实现对混合气产物的冷却、除尘和净化。In the present invention, the gas cooling system, the gas dust removal system and the gas purification system are sequentially connected to the exhaust port of the entrained gas bed, so as to realize the cooling, dust removal and purification of the mixed gas product.
作为本发明的一个实施例，所述气体冷却系统为水冷器；从气流床排气口排出的高温混合气体产物经过水冷器后，温度降到≤160℃，然后进入后续气体除尘系统。As an embodiment of the present invention, the gas cooling system is a water cooler; after the high-temperature mixed gas product discharged from the exhaust port of the entrained bed passes through the water cooler, the temperature drops to ≤160°C, and then enters the subsequent gas dust removal system.
作为本发明的一个实施例，所述气体除尘系统包括布袋除尘器和灰斗，且具有氮气反吹功能，用于对冷却后的混合气体产物进行气体除尘处理。作为本发明的一个实施例，所述制氮系统的另一出气口与气体除尘系统连通，便于提供氮气实现氮气反吹。As an embodiment of the present invention, the gas dedusting system includes a bag filter and an ash hopper, and has a nitrogen backflushing function for performing gas dedusting treatment on the cooled mixed gas product. As an embodiment of the present invention, another gas outlet of the nitrogen production system is communicated with the gas dust removal system, so as to provide nitrogen to realize nitrogen backflushing.
作为本发明的一个实施例，所述气体净化系统包括脱硫塔或洗涤塔，具体的，当混合气体产物为可燃气时，所述气体净化系统采用脱硫塔，以除去可燃气中硫化物；当混合气体产物为烟气时，所述气体净化系统采用洗涤塔，其具有脱酸功能，能够除去烟气中的NOx和SO2。As an embodiment of the present invention, the gas purification system includes a desulfurization tower or a washing tower. Specifically, when the mixed gas product is combustible gas, the gas purification system adopts a desulfurization tower to remove sulfide in the combustible gas; when When the mixed gas product is flue gas, the gas purification system adopts a scrubber, which has a deacidification function and can remove NO x and SO 2 in the flue gas.
下面结合图1～4对本发明中焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰共处置的装置的使用方法进行说明：气化飞灰、焚烧飞灰(包括垃圾焚烧飞灰和/或危废焚烧飞灰)由各自储罐按一定比例进入进料仓，然后自进料仓经氮气输送至气流床，从气流床顶部的一次风管导入气化剂为气流床提供含氧气氛，并经设置在气流床顶部的点火系统点火引发反应，当氧气供应不足时，气化飞灰在气流床中发生气化，此时气流床的炉膛温度可达1350～1550℃，该高温条件下气化飞灰的灰分和焚烧飞灰充分熔融形成液态渣，所述液态渣从气流床底部的排渣-冷却系统排出并冷却，形成玻璃态渣，可作为建材使用，同时气化过程还产生一定量的可燃气，从气流床的排气口排出后，依次经气体冷却系统、气体除尘系统和气体净化系统处理后可输送至用户，进行再利用；当氧气供应过量时，气化飞灰在炉膛中充分燃烧，此时气流床的炉膛温度可达1400～1600℃，该高温条件下气化飞灰的灰分和焚烧飞灰充分熔融形成液态渣，所述液态渣从气流床底部的排渣-冷却系统排出并冷却，形成玻璃态渣，可作为建材使用，同时燃烧过程还产生一定量的烟气，从气流床的排气口排出后，依次经气体冷却系统、气体除尘系统和气体净化系统处理后达标排放。Below in conjunction with Fig. 1～4, in the present invention, the use method of the device for co-processing of incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash will be described: gasification fly ash, incineration fly ash (including garbage incineration fly ash and/or hazardous waste incineration fly ash) From the respective storage tanks into the feed bin according to a certain proportion, and then transported from the feed bin to the entrained bed through nitrogen, the gasification agent is introduced from the primary air duct at the top of the entrained bed to provide an oxygen-containing atmosphere for the entrained bed, and is arranged in the entrained bed. The ignition system at the top ignites and initiates the reaction. When the oxygen supply is insufficient, the gasification fly ash gasifies in the entrained bed. At this time, the furnace temperature of the entrained bed can reach 1350-1550 ° C. Under the high temperature condition, the ash content of the gasified fly ash is The liquid slag is fully melted with the incineration fly ash to form liquid slag. The liquid slag is discharged from the slag discharge-cooling system at the bottom of the entrained bed and cooled to form a glassy slag, which can be used as a building material. At the same time, a certain amount of combustible gas is generated during the gasification process. After being discharged from the exhaust port of the entrained bed, it is processed by the gas cooling system, the gas dust removal system and the gas purification system in turn, and can be transported to the user for reuse; when the oxygen supply is excessive, the gasification fly ash is fully burned in the furnace, At this time, the furnace temperature of the entrained bed can reach 1400-1600°C. Under this high temperature condition, the ash content of the gasification fly ash and the incineration fly ash are fully melted to form liquid slag, and the liquid slag is discharged from the slag discharge-cooling system at the bottom of the entrained bed and discharged. It is cooled to form vitreous slag, which can be used as building materials. At the same time, a certain amount of flue gas is also generated during the combustion process. After being discharged from the exhaust port of the entrained bed, it is sequentially treated by the gas cooling system, the gas dust removal system and the gas purification system and then discharged up to the standard. .
下面将结合本发明中的实施例，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
以下实施例所用原料中成分具体如下：The ingredients in the raw materials used in the following examples are as follows:
某垃圾焚烧厂产生的垃圾焚烧飞灰，平均粒径为40～60μm，主要化学成分及重金属含量分别见表1与表2：The waste incineration fly ash produced by a waste incineration plant has an average particle size of 40-60 μm. The main chemical components and heavy metal contents are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively:
表1垃圾焚烧飞灰主要成分(％)Table 1 Main components of waste incineration fly ash (%)
表2垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属含量(ppm)Table 2 Heavy metal content (ppm) in waste incineration fly ash
某危废焚烧厂产生的危废焚烧飞灰，平均粒径为40～60μm，主要化学成分分析见表3：The hazardous waste incineration fly ash produced by a hazardous waste incineration plant has an average particle size of 40-60 μm. The main chemical composition analysis is shown in Table 3:
表3危废焚烧飞灰中部分化学成分分析(％)Table 3 Analysis of some chemical components in fly ash from hazardous waste incineration (%)
某煤炭气化厂产生的气化飞灰，平均粒径为30～50μm，主要化学成分分析见表4～6：The gasification fly ash produced by a coal gasification plant has an average particle size of 30 to 50 μm. The main chemical composition analysis is shown in Tables 4 to 6:
表4气化飞灰工业分析(空干基)Table 4 Industrial analysis of gasification fly ash (air-dry basis)
表5气化飞灰元素分析(空干基)Table 5 Elemental analysis of gasification fly ash (air-dry basis)
表6气化飞灰主要灰成分Table 6 Main ash components of gasification fly ash
实施例1Example 1
利用图1所示装置并根据图3所示流程对气化飞灰和垃圾焚烧飞灰进行共处置，包括以下步骤：Using the device shown in Figure 1 and according to the process shown in Figure 3, the co-processing of the gasification fly ash and the waste incineration fly ash includes the following steps:
将气化飞灰和垃圾焚烧飞灰按一定比例输入进料仓，垃圾焚烧飞灰加入量为气化飞灰质量的5％，两种物料在进料仓中充分混合后经氮气输送至气流床；从气流床顶部的一次风管导入空气(控制空气导入量，使气流床中处于贫氧状态)，并经设置在气流床顶部的点火系统点火，气化飞灰在气流床中发生气化，此时气流床的炉膛温度约1350℃，该高温条件下气化飞灰的灰分和垃圾焚烧飞灰充分熔融形成液态渣，所述液态渣从气流床底部的排渣-冷却系统排出并经常温水冷却至100℃，形成玻璃态渣，可作为建材使用；同时气化过程还产生一定量的可燃气(热值约为1780kCal/kg，所含可燃成分包括CO和H2)，从气流床的排气口排出后，经气体冷却系统冷却至约150℃，然后经气体除尘系统和气体净化系统处理后得到净化可燃气，可输送至用户，进行再利用。The gasification fly ash and waste incineration fly ash are fed into the feed bin in a certain proportion. The amount of waste incineration fly ash added is 5% of the mass of the gasification fly ash. The two materials are fully mixed in the feed bin and then transported to the air stream through nitrogen. bed; air is introduced from the primary air duct at the top of the entrained bed (the amount of air introduced is controlled so that the entrained bed is in an oxygen-depleted state), and is ignited by the ignition system set at the top of the entrained bed, and the gasified fly ash is gasified in the entrained bed. At this time, the furnace temperature of the entrained bed is about 1350 ° C. Under this high temperature condition, the ash content of the gasification fly ash and the waste incineration fly ash are fully melted to form liquid slag, and the liquid slag is discharged from the slag discharge-cooling system at the bottom of the entrained bed and discharged. It is often cooled to 100°C with warm water to form vitreous slag, which can be used as building materials; at the same time, a certain amount of combustible gas (calorific value is about 1780kCal/kg, containing combustible components including CO and H 2 ) is generated during the gasification process. After the exhaust port of the bed is discharged, it is cooled to about 150 ℃ by the gas cooling system, and then processed by the gas dust removal system and the gas purification system to obtain purified combustible gas, which can be transported to the user for reuse.
实施例2Example 2
利用图1所示装置并根据图4所示流程对气化飞灰和危废焚烧飞灰进行共处置，包括以下步骤：Using the device shown in Figure 1 and according to the process shown in Figure 4, the co-processing of the gasification fly ash and the hazardous waste incineration fly ash includes the following steps:
将气化飞灰和垃圾焚烧飞灰按一定比例输入进料仓，危废焚烧飞灰加入量为气化飞灰质量的50％，两种物料在进料仓中充分混合后经氮气输送至气流床；从气流床顶部的一次风管导入纯氧气(控制纯氧气导入量，使气流床中处于富氧状态)，并经设置在气流床顶部的点火系统点火，气化飞灰在气流床中充分燃烧，此时气流床的炉膛温度约1500℃，该高温条件下气化飞灰的灰分和危废焚烧飞灰充分熔融形成液态渣，所述液态渣从气流床底部的排渣-冷却系统排出并经常温水冷却至100℃，形成玻璃态渣，可作为建材使用；同时气化过程还产生一定量的烟气，从气流床的排气口排出后，经气体冷却系统冷却至约150℃，然后经气体除尘系统和气体净化系统处理后得到净化烟气，达标排放。The gasification fly ash and waste incineration fly ash are fed into the feed bin according to a certain proportion, and the added amount of hazardous waste incineration fly ash is 50% of the mass of the gasification fly ash. Entrained bed: Introduce pure oxygen from the primary air duct at the top of the entrained bed (control the amount of pure oxygen introduced so that the entrained bed is in an oxygen-enriched state), and ignite through the ignition system set at the top of the entrained bed, and gasify the fly ash in the entrained bed. At this time, the furnace temperature of the entrained bed is about 1500 ° C. Under this high temperature condition, the ash content of the gasified fly ash and the hazardous waste incineration fly ash are fully melted to form a liquid slag, and the liquid slag is discharged from the bottom of the entrained bed-cooling The system discharges and is often cooled with warm water to 100°C to form vitreous slag, which can be used as building materials; at the same time, a certain amount of flue gas is also generated during the gasification process. ℃, and then processed by the gas dust removal system and the gas purification system to obtain purified flue gas, which is discharged up to the standard.
实施例3Example 3
利用图2所示装置并参照图4所示流程对气化飞灰、垃圾焚烧飞灰和危废焚烧飞灰进行共处置，包括以下步骤：Using the device shown in Figure 2 and referring to the process shown in Figure 4, the co-processing of gasification fly ash, waste incineration fly ash and hazardous waste incineration fly ash includes the following steps:
将气化飞灰、垃圾焚烧飞灰和危废焚烧飞灰按一定比例输入进料仓，垃圾焚烧飞灰加入量为气化飞灰质量的30％，危废焚烧飞灰加入量为气化飞灰质量的20％，三种物料在进料仓中充分混合后经氮气输送至气流床；从气流床顶部的一次风管导入纯氧气(控制纯氧气导入量，使气流床中处于富氧状态)，并经设置在气流床顶部的点火系统点火，气化飞灰在气流床中充分燃烧，此时气流床的炉膛温度约1600℃，该高温条件下气化飞灰的飞灰、垃圾焚烧飞灰和危废焚烧飞灰充分熔融形成液态渣，所述液态渣从气流床底部的排渣-冷却系统排出并经常温水冷却至100℃，形成玻璃态渣，可作为建材使用；同时气化过程还产生一定量的烟气，从气流床的排气口排出后，经气体冷却系统冷却至约150℃，然后经气体除尘系统和气体净化系统处理后得到净化烟气，达标排放。The gasification fly ash, waste incineration fly ash and hazardous waste incineration fly ash are input into the feed bin according to a certain proportion. 20% of the mass of fly ash, the three materials are fully mixed in the feed silo and transported to the entrained bed through nitrogen; pure oxygen is introduced from the primary air duct at the top of the entrained bed (control the amount of pure oxygen introduced, so that the entrained bed is in an oxygen-enriched state. state), and ignited by the ignition system set at the top of the entrained bed, the gasified fly ash is fully burned in the entrained bed, and the furnace temperature of the entrained bed is about 1600 ° C. Incineration fly ash and hazardous waste incineration fly ash are fully melted to form liquid slag, which is discharged from the slag discharge-cooling system at the bottom of the entrained bed and is often cooled to 100°C with warm water to form glassy slag, which can be used as building materials; The gasification process also produces a certain amount of flue gas. After being discharged from the exhaust port of the entrained bed, it is cooled to about 150 ℃ by the gas cooling system, and then processed by the gas dust removal system and the gas purification system to obtain purified flue gas, which is discharged up to the standard.
由以上实施例可知，本发明提供的方法具有以下有益效果：As can be seen from the above embodiments, the method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1)气化飞灰通过气流床进行气化或燃烧，最终形成的玻璃态渣可作为建材，实现了资源化利用；1) The gasification fly ash is gasified or burned through an entrained bed, and the final glassy slag can be used as a building material, realizing resource utilization;
2)焚烧飞灰与气化飞灰粒径相近，利用气化飞灰气化或燃烧时产生的高温将气化飞灰的灰分和焚烧飞灰熔融，得到的液态渣冷却后形成玻璃态物质，实现了无害化处置；2) The particle size of the incineration fly ash is similar to that of the gasification fly ash, and the ash content of the gasification fly ash and the incineration fly ash are melted by the high temperature generated during the gasification or combustion of the gasification fly ash, and the obtained liquid slag is cooled to form a glassy substance , to achieve harmless disposal;
3)利用焚烧飞灰中Na、K等元素，可降低气化飞灰的灰分与焚烧飞灰的灰熔点，有利于其充分熔融形成液态渣；3) Utilizing Na, K and other elements in the incineration fly ash can reduce the ash content of the gasification fly ash and the ash melting point of the incineration fly ash, which is conducive to its full melting to form a liquid slag;
3)气化-熔融、燃烧-熔融过程中充分利用气化飞灰的自身热值，无需外加能源以及额外采用辅助燃料等，有利于降低成本；3) In the process of gasification-melting and combustion-melting, the calorific value of the gasification fly ash is fully utilized, without the need for additional energy and additional auxiliary fuel, etc., which is conducive to reducing costs;
4)气化-熔融、燃烧-熔融过程中体系温度可达1350～1600℃，实现了焚烧飞灰中二噁英的焚毁；4) In the process of gasification-melting, combustion-melting, the temperature of the system can reach 1350-1600 °C, which realizes the incineration of dioxins in the incineration fly ash;
5)气化-熔融反应过程中产生的可燃气可作为二次能源进行利用；5) The combustible gas generated in the gasification-melting reaction process can be utilized as secondary energy;
6)利用常规方法处理焚烧飞灰时，焚烧飞灰中加入SiO2等助熔剂有利于其熔融渣玻璃体的形成，降低玻璃体的粘度；由于气化飞灰中SiO2含量可达50％，且还含有Al2O3、CaO等无机盐成分，本发明利用两种飞灰中自身的无机盐成分，熔融过程无需额外添加使其形成具有玻璃成分的辅助材料，有利于进一步降低生产成本，适宜规模化生产。 6 ) When using conventional methods to deal with the incineration fly ash, adding SiO to the incineration fly ash is beneficial to the formation of the molten slag glass body and reduces the viscosity of the glass body ; because the SiO content in the gasified fly ash can reach 50%, and It also contains inorganic salt components such as Al 2 O 3 and CaO. The present invention utilizes the inorganic salt components in the two kinds of fly ash, and the melting process does not require additional addition to form auxiliary materials with glass components, which is conducive to further reducing production costs and is suitable for mass production.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN109503122A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-22 | 天津艾孚森科技发展有限公司 | The method of haydite is prepared using various garbage solid waste and prepares the composition of haydite |
| CN211345331U (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-08-25 | 中科合肥煤气化技术有限公司 | Device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash |
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2019
- 2019-11-15 CN CN201911118121.5A patent/CN110762537A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101890419A (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-11-24 | 华东理工大学 | A treatment method for waste incineration fly ash |
| CN203833894U (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-09-17 | 河南弘康环保科技有限公司 | Waste incineration fly ash treatment system |
| CN109503122A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-22 | 天津艾孚森科技发展有限公司 | The method of haydite is prepared using various garbage solid waste and prepares the composition of haydite |
| CN211345331U (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-08-25 | 中科合肥煤气化技术有限公司 | Device for co-processing incineration fly ash and gasification fly ash |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113280345A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration |
| CN113280345B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-09-09 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration |
| CN113549472A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-10-26 | 宁夏大学 | A novel process and device for treating miscellaneous salts |
| CN114704836A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-05 | 深圳能源环保股份有限公司 | Humidity-based waste incineration fly ash treatment control method and device and storage medium |
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