CN110760574B - Device and method for measuring base - Google Patents

Abstract

A device and method for determining bases, wherein the method for determining bases includes: providing a substance to be detected, the substance to be detected includes a first base, a second base, a third base, and a fourth base; The object to be detected is illuminated to obtain the optical signal excited by the object to be detected; the optical signal is converted to obtain a corresponding electrical signal; the electrical signal is analyzed and processed to obtain the first signal of the object to be detected. The proportional relationship between the number of bases, the number of second bases, the number of third bases and the number of fourth bases. The device and method can improve the efficiency of determining the base in the object to be detected and reduce the cost.

Description

Apparatus and method for determining bases

technical field

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to a device and method for determining bases.

Background technique

Gene sequencing technology is a new type of gene detection technology, which is the most commonly used technology in modern molecular biology research. Gene sequencing can analyze and determine the full sequence of genes from blood or saliva, and predict the possibility of suffering from various diseases. Such as cancer or leukemia. Since the development of the first generation of gene sequencing in 1977, gene sequencing technology has achieved considerable development, the first generation of Sanger sequencing technology, the second generation of high-throughput sequencing technology, the third generation of single molecule sequencing technology, the current mainstream sequencing technology in the market Still focusing on second-generation high-throughput sequencing, single-molecule sequencing technology is still in the research and development stage, and there has been no substantial commercialization progress.

The second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology mainly includes sequencing-by-synthesis technology, semiconductor sequencing technology, sequencing-by-ligation technology, and pyrosequencing technology, etc., and sequencing-by-synthesis technology is the mainstream, occupying a leading position in the market. Among them, the sequencing-by-synthesis technology and the sequencing-by-ligation technology both require fluorescent labeling of the bases, as well as a complex laser incident light and optical system, which makes the sequencing system complex, and the labeling chemical reagents are particularly expensive, leading to The cost remains high, which also increases the sequencing time and cost; although pyrosequencing technology does not require laser incident light and optical system, it also requires fluorescent labeling; ion semiconductor sequencing technology requires the use of CMOS technology to make an ion sensor and two field effect Transistors are complex and difficult to manufacture.

The popular application of genetic testing technology urgently needs to solve the problem of sequencing cost, and providing a genetic testing technology with low cost, simple structure and high testing efficiency has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a device and method for determining bases, so as to improve the efficiency of determining bases in a substance to be detected and reduce costs.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention provides a method for determining bases, including: providing a test substance, the test substance includes a first base, a second base, a third base and a fourth base base; performing light treatment on the object to be detected to obtain the optical signal excited by the object to be detected; converting the optical signal to obtain a corresponding electrical signal; performing analysis and processing according to the electrical signal to obtain the object to be detected The proportional relationship between the number of the first base, the number of the second base, the number of the third base and the number of the fourth base.

Optionally, the illumination treatment method includes: performing first illumination on the object to be detected by using the first incident light to obtain the first light signal excited by the object to be detected; performing second illumination on the object to be detected by using the second incident light, Obtaining the second light signal excited by the object to be detected; using the third incident light to irradiate the object to be detected for the third time to obtain the third light signal.

Optionally, the light treatment method further includes: using fourth incident light to perform fourth illumination on the object to be detected to obtain a fourth light signal excited by the object to be detected.

Optionally, the optical signal includes: a first optical signal, a second optical signal, a third optical signal, and a fourth optical signal.

Optionally, among the substances to be detected, the first base has the largest absorption rate of the first incident light; the second base has the largest absorption rate of the second incident light; the third base The absorption rate of the base to the third incident light is the largest; the absorption rate of the fourth base to the fourth incident light is the largest.

Optionally, the substance to be detected is a ribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine, the second base is guanine, the third base is adenine, and the fourth base is uracil; The wavelength range of the first incident light is 220 nm to 230 nm, the wavelength range of the second incident light is 235 nm to 245 nm, the wavelength range of the third incident light is 250 nm to 259 nm, and the fourth The wavelength of the incident light ranges from 260 nm to 270 nm.

Optionally, the substance to be detected is a deoxyribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine, the second base is guanine, the third base is adenine, and the fourth base is thymine; The wavelength range of the first incident light is 220 nanometers to 230 nanometers; the wavelength range of the second incident light is 235 nanometers to 245 nanometers, and the wavelength range of the third incident light is 250 nanometers to 259 nanometers. The wavelength range of the fourth incident light is 259 nanometers to 269 nanometers.

Optionally, the conversion processing method includes: performing a first conversion on the first optical signal to obtain a corresponding first electrical signal; performing a second conversion on the second optical signal to obtain a corresponding second electrical signal signal; performing a third conversion on the third optical signal to obtain a corresponding third electrical signal.

Optionally, the conversion processing method further includes: performing a first conversion on the fourth optical signal to obtain a corresponding fourth electrical signal.

Optionally, the electrical signal includes: a first electrical signal, a second electrical signal, a third electrical signal, and a fourth electrical signal.

Optionally, it also includes: according to the proportional relationship among the quantity of the first base, the quantity of the second base, the quantity of the third base and the quantity of the fourth base in the substance to be detected, obtaining The arrangement order of the first base, the second base, the third base and the fourth base.

Correspondingly, the technical solution of the present invention also provides a device for determining bases, including: an incident light unit for performing light treatment on the object to be detected to obtain an optical signal excited by the object to be detected; a processing unit for The optical signal is converted and processed to obtain a corresponding electrical signal; the analysis unit is used to perform analysis and processing according to the electrical signal, and obtain the first base number, the second base number, the third base number, and the fourth base number. ratio.

Optionally, the substance to be detected is ribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine, the second base is guanine, the third base is adenine, and the fourth base is uracil.

Optionally, the substance to be detected is a deoxyribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine, the second base is guanine, the third base is adenine, and the fourth base is thymine.

Optionally, the processing unit includes: a base, the base includes opposite first surfaces and second surfaces, the base includes several pixel regions and isolation regions between adjacent pixel regions; A photodiode; an adsorption layer on the first surface, the adsorption layer is used to place and fix the object to be detected; a logic device on the second surface.

Optionally, the material of the adsorption layer includes: photoresist material, photosensitive glue or polyimide resin.

Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

In the method for determining bases provided by the technical solution of the present invention, since the substance to be detected includes the first base, the second base, the third base and the fourth base, and the first base, the second base, the The three bases and the fourth base have different absorptivity to light of different wavelengths respectively, and under the incident light treatment of a specific wavelength, the first base, the second base, the third base and the fourth base There is a definite proportional relationship between the absorptivity of the base. Therefore, the incident light of a certain wavelength is selected to perform illumination treatment on the object to be detected, and the optical signal excited by the object to be detected can be obtained; , the corresponding relationship between the degree of absorption of the incident light by the first base, the second base, the third base and the fourth base and the corresponding electrical signals obtained. Furthermore, by using incident light of different wavelengths to perform the light treatment on the object to be detected, the corresponding relational expressions at different wavelengths can be obtained, so that the obtained multiple relational expressions can be analyzed and processed, and the first base in the object to be detected can be obtained The proportional relationship between the number of , the number of the second base, the number of the third base and the number of the fourth base. Moreover, the determination speed of the method is fast and the cost is low. In summary, the method can quickly determine bases, and has low cost and simple process.

Correspondingly, in the device for determining bases provided by the technical solution of the present invention, by using incident light of different wavelengths to perform illumination treatment on the object to be detected, the corresponding relational expressions under the treatment of incident light of different wavelengths can be obtained, so that the obtained multiple The relational expression is analyzed and processed, and the proportional relationship among the quantity of the first base, the quantity of the second base, the quantity of the third base and the quantity of the fourth base in the substance to be detected can be obtained. Due to the simplicity of the device, the device for determining bases can quickly obtain the number of first bases, the number of second bases, the number of third bases, and the number of fourth bases in the substance to be detected. The proportional relationship can save time and cost at the same time.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for determining bases in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a simple structural schematic diagram of a substance to be detected;

3 to 5 are schematic diagrams of the steps of the method for determining bases in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining bases in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As mentioned in the background technology, currently, by determining the gene sequence of the object to be detected, the data of the bases in the sample of the object to be detected is read. However, the method of determining the gene sequence is complicated, takes a long time, and requires huge equipment, Expensive to measure.

In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining bases, including: providing a substance to be detected, and the substance to be detected includes a first base, a second base, a third base and a fourth base base; performing light treatment on the object to be detected to obtain an optical signal excited by the object to be detected; converting the optical signal to obtain a corresponding electrical signal; performing analysis and processing according to the electrical signal to obtain the optical signal to be detected The proportion relationship among the quantity of the first base, the quantity of the second base, the quantity of the third base and the quantity of the fourth base in the substance. The method can improve the efficiency of determining the base in the object to be detected and reduce the cost.

In order to make the above objects, features and beneficial effects of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining bases in an embodiment of the present invention.

Please refer to Figure 1, the methods for determining bases include:

S1: providing a substance to be detected, the substance to be detected includes a first base, a second base, a third base and a fourth base;

S2: performing light treatment on the object to be detected, and obtaining an optical signal excited by the object to be detected;

S3: Converting the optical signal to obtain a corresponding electrical signal;

S4: Analyzing and processing according to the electrical signal, obtaining the proportional relationship among the quantity of the first base, the quantity of the second base, the quantity of the third base and the quantity of the fourth base in the substance to be detected.

The method for determining bases will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simple structure of a substance to be detected.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a detection object 200 is provided, and the detection object 200 includes a first base, a second base, a third base and a fourth base.

The object to be detected 200 is a nucleic acid molecule. Specifically, "nucleic acid" may refer to single-stranded or double-stranded deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides and polymers thereof.

It should be noted that the detection substance 200 in the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to single-stranded or double-stranded, and the length of the chain (or the number of bases) is not limited.

In one embodiment, the substance to be detected can be a deoxyribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine (abbreviated as C), the second base is guanine (abbreviated as G), and the third base is Adenine (abbreviated as A), the fourth base is thymine (abbreviated as T).

In another embodiment, the substance to be detected can be a ribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine (abbreviated as C), the second base is guanine (abbreviated as G), and the third base is The base is adenine (abbreviated as A), and the fourth base is uracil (abbreviated as U).

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the substance to be detected 200 is a deoxyribonucleic acid substance in a single-stranded form.

Light treatment is performed on the object to be detected to obtain the light signal excited by the object to be detected. Please refer to FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 for the specific process of light treatment on the object to be detected.

FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 are schematic diagrams of each step of the method for determining bases in an embodiment of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 3 , the first incident light 211 is used to irradiate the object 200 to be detected to obtain a first light signal 221 excited by the object 200 to be detected.

The wavelength range of the first incident light 211 is 220 nanometers to 230 nanometers. Since the first base is C, the second base is G, the third base is A, and the fourth base is T, the first base, the second base, the third base and the fourth base The difference in the absorptivity of the bases to the first incident light 211, and the absorptivity of the first base C to the first incident light 211 is the largest, the first base, the second base, the third base, and the first base C The absorptivity of the four base pairs to the first incident light 211 is fixed, that is, there is a definite proportional relationship between their absorptivity to the first incident light 211 .

In this embodiment, the wavelength of the first incident light 211 may be selected as 220 nanometers.

Specifically, after first illuminating the object 200 to be detected with the first incident light 211 , the obtained first light signal 221 is related to the number of the first base, the number of the second base, and the third base in the object 200 to be detected. The number of bases is related to the number of fourth bases.

Please refer to FIG. 4 , the second incident light 212 is used to illuminate the object 200 to be detected to obtain a second light signal 222 excited by the object to be detected.

The wavelength range of the second incident light 212 is 235 nanometers to 245 nanometers. Since the first base is C, the second base is G, the third base is A, and the fourth base is T, the first base C, the second base G, and the third base A And the difference of the fourth base T to the second incident light 212, and the absorption rate of the second base C to the second incident light 212 is the largest, the first base C, the second base G, the third base The absorptivity of A and the fourth base T to the second incident light 212 is fixed, that is, there is a definite proportional relationship between their absorptivity to the second incident light 212 .

In this embodiment, the wavelength of the second incident light 212 may be selected as 240 nanometers.

Specifically, after the object 200 to be detected is illuminated by the second incident light 212, the obtained second light signal 222 is related to the number of the first base, the number of the second base, the number of the third base in the object 200 to be detected. The number of bases and the number of fourth bases are related.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the third incident light 213 is used to perform the third illumination on the object 200 to be detected, and obtain the third light signal 223 .

The wavelength range of the third incident light 213 is 250 nanometers to 259 nanometers. Since the first base is C, the second base is G, the third base is A, and the fourth base is T, the first base, the second base, the third base and the fourth base The bases have different absorption rates to the third incident light 213, and the third base A has the largest absorption rate to the third incident light 213, the first base, the second base, the third base, and the fourth base The absorptivity of the bases to the third incident light 213 is fixed, that is, there is a definite proportional relationship between their absorptivity to the third incident light 213 .

In this embodiment, the wavelength of 250 nm to 259 nm may be selected as 253 nm.

Specifically, after the object 200 to be detected is illuminated for the third time through 250 nm to 259 nm, the obtained third light signal 223 is related to the number of first bases, the number of second bases, and the third base in the object 200 to be detected. The number of bases and the number of fourth bases are related.

In other embodiments, the light treatment method further includes: the light treatment method further includes: using fourth incident light to perform fourth illumination on the object to be detected to obtain a fourth light signal excited by the object to be detected.

It should be noted that the optical signal includes: a first optical signal, a second optical signal, a third optical signal, and a fourth optical signal.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the optical signals include: a first optical signal 221 , a second optical signal 222 and a third optical signal 223 .

In other embodiments, the substance to be detected is a ribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine, the second base is guanine, the third base is adenine, and the fourth base is uracil, Therefore, the wavelength range of the first incident light is 220 nm to 230 nm, the wavelength range of the second incident light is 235 nm to 245 nm, and the wavelength range of the third incident light is 250 nm to 259 nm, The wavelength range of the fourth incident light is 260 nanometers to 270 nanometers.

The optical signal is converted and processed to obtain a corresponding electrical signal.

Please continue to refer to FIG. 3 , performing a first conversion on the first optical signal 221 to obtain a corresponding first electrical signal 231 .

Specifically, a first conversion is performed on the obtained first optical signal 221 through the photoelectric conversion effect, so as to obtain a corresponding first electrical signal 231 .

Since the first optical signal 221 is absorbed by a certain number of first bases, a certain number of second bases, a certain number of third bases and a certain number of fourth bases in the object to be detected 200 obtained after the action, and the correspondence between the first optical signal 211 and the first electrical signal 231, so that the first electrical signal 231 and a certain number of first bases, a certain number of second bases, and a certain number of There is a corresponding relationship between the third base and a certain number of fourth bases.

Please continue to refer to FIG. 4 , perform a second conversion on the second optical signal 222 to obtain a corresponding second electrical signal 232 .

Specifically, a first conversion is performed on the acquired second optical signal 222 through the photoelectric conversion effect, so as to acquire the corresponding second optical signal 222 .

Since the second optical signal 222 is absorbed by a certain number of first bases, a certain number of second bases, a certain number of third bases and a certain number of fourth bases in the object to be detected 200 obtained after the action, and the second optical signal 222 corresponds to the second electrical signal 232, so that the second electrical signal 232 and a certain number of first bases, a certain number of second bases, and a certain number of There is a corresponding relationship between the third base and a certain number of fourth bases.

Please continue to refer to FIG. 5 , performing a third conversion on the third optical signal 223 to obtain a corresponding third electrical signal 233 .

Specifically, through the photoelectric conversion effect, a first conversion is performed on the obtained third optical signal 223 , so as to obtain a corresponding third electrical signal 233 .

Since the third optical signal 223 is absorbed by a certain number of first bases, a certain number of second bases, a certain number of third bases and a certain number of fourth bases in the object to be detected 200 obtained after the action, and the third optical signal 223 corresponds to the first electrical signal 231, so that the third electrical signal 233 and a certain number of first bases, a certain number of second bases, and a certain number of There is a corresponding relationship between the third base and a certain number of fourth bases.

In other embodiments, the conversion processing method further includes: performing a fourth conversion on the fourth optical signal to obtain a corresponding fourth electrical signal.

The electrical signals include: a first electrical signal, a second electrical signal, a third electrical signal and a fourth electrical signal.

In this embodiment, the electrical signals include: a first electrical signal 231 , a second electrical signal 232 and a third electrical signal 233 .

Next, analyze and process according to the electrical signal, and obtain the proportional relationship between the quantity of the first base, the quantity of the second base, the quantity of the third base and the quantity of the fourth base in the substance to be detected.

Specifically, in this embodiment, according to the first electrical signal 231, the second electrical signal 232, and the third electrical signal 233, the number of the first base C and the number of the second base G in the object to be detected 200 are obtained. The proportional relationship among the quantity, the quantity of the third base A and the quantity of the fourth base T.

By using incident light of different wavelengths to perform the illumination treatment on the object to be detected 200, the corresponding relational expressions at different wavelengths can be obtained, so that the obtained multiple relational expressions can be analyzed and processed, and the first base in the object to be detected 200 can be obtained The proportional relationship between the quantity of C, the quantity of the second base G, the quantity of the third base A and the quantity of the fourth base T. Moreover, the method is fast and low in cost. In summary, the method can quickly determine bases, and has low cost and simple process.

It should be noted that, due to the proportion of the number of the first base, the proportion of the number of the second base, the proportion of the number of the third base and the number of the fourth base in the substance to be detected 200 The sum of the proportions can default to 100%, so that the relationship between the object to be detected 200 and the first electrical signal 231 is obtained under the illumination of the first incident light 211, and the relationship between the object to be detected 200 and the first electrical signal 231 is obtained under the second incident light 212. 200 and the second electrical signal 232, and the relationship between the object to be detected 200 and the third electrical signal 233 obtained under the third incident light 213, can obtain the The ratio relationship among the quantity of the first base C, the quantity of the second base G, the quantity of the third base A and the quantity of the fourth base T.

In this embodiment, the method for determining bases further includes: according to the number of the first base C, the number of the second base G, the number of the third base A and the number of the fourth base in the object to be detected 200 The proportional relationship among the quantities of T obtains the sequence of the first base C, the second base G, the third base A and the fourth base T in the object to be detected 200 .

It should be noted that the arrangement order of the first base, the second base, the third base and the fourth base is a gene sequence.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining bases in an embodiment of the present invention.

Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for determining bases, please refer to FIG. 6 , which includes: an incident light unit 300, configured to perform light treatment on the object to be detected 200, and obtain an optical signal excited by the object to be detected 200; The unit 310 is configured to perform conversion processing on the optical signal to obtain a corresponding electrical signal; the analysis unit 320 is configured to perform analysis processing according to the electrical signal to obtain the number of the first base, the number of the second base, and the number of the third base And the proportional relationship between the number of the fourth base.

In this embodiment, the substance to be detected 200 is a deoxyribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine, the second base is guanine, the third base is adenine, and the fourth base is thymus pyrimidine.

In other embodiments, the substance to be detected can also be a ribonucleic acid substance, the first base is cytosine, the second base is guanine, the third base is adenine, and the fourth base is urine pyrimidine.

The processing unit 310 includes: a base 330, the base 330 includes an opposite first surface 331 and a second surface 332, the base 330 includes several pixel regions and isolation regions between adjacent pixel regions; Several photodiodes 333 in several pixel areas; an adsorption layer 334 on the first surface 331 for placing and fixing the object 200 to be detected; a logic device 335 on the second surface 332 .

The material of the adsorption layer 331 includes: photoresist, photosensitive glue (UV glue) or polyimide resin (polyimide).

In the device for determining bases, by using incident light of different wavelengths to illuminate the object 200 to be detected, the corresponding relational expressions under the treatment of incident light of different wavelengths can be obtained, so as to analyze and process the obtained multiple relational expressions, The proportional relationship among the quantity of the first base, the quantity of the second base, the quantity of the third base and the quantity of the fourth base in the object to be detected 200 can be obtained. Due to the simplicity of the device, the device for determining bases can quickly obtain the number of first bases, the number of second bases, the number of third bases, and the number of fourth bases in the substance to be detected. The proportional relationship can save time and cost at the same time.

Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined in the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A device for determining bases, comprising: The incident light unit is used for performing light treatment on the object to be detected and absorbing the light signal by the object to be detected, the object to be detected is ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid, and the object to be detected includes the first base , the second base, the third base and the fourth base, the method of the light treatment includes: using the first incident light to perform the first light on the object to be detected, and the first light signal absorbed by the object to be detected; using The second incident light is used to illuminate the object to be detected for the second time, and the second light signal is absorbed by the object to be detected; The fourth incident light performs fourth illumination on the object to be detected, and the fourth light signal after being absorbed by the object to be detected; The processing unit includes: a base, the base includes opposite first surfaces and second surfaces, the base includes several pixel areas and isolation areas between adjacent pixel areas; photodiodes located in the pixel areas; an adsorption layer on one side, the adsorption layer is used to place and fix the object to be detected; a logic device on the second side; the processing unit is used to convert the optical signal to obtain a corresponding electrical signal, The conversion processing method includes: performing a first conversion on the first optical signal to obtain a corresponding first electrical signal; performing a second conversion on the second optical signal to obtain a corresponding second electrical signal; performing a third conversion on the third optical signal to obtain a corresponding third electrical signal; performing a fourth conversion on the fourth optical signal to obtain a corresponding fourth electrical signal; An analysis unit, configured to perform analysis and processing according to the first electrical signal, the second electrical signal, the third electrical signal, and the fourth electrical signal, and obtain the first number of bases, the second number of bases, the third base, and the fourth electrical signal The proportional relationship between the number of four bases. 2. the device of measuring base as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when described object to be detected is ribonucleic acid substance, described first base is cytosine, and the second base is guanine, and the second base is guanine. The third base is adenine, and the fourth base is uracil. 3. the device of measuring base as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when described object to be detected is deoxyribonucleic acid substance, described first base is cytosine, and the second base is guanine, The third base is adenine and the fourth base is thymine. 4. The device for determining bases according to claim 1, wherein the material of the adsorption layer comprises: photosensitive glue or polyimide resin. 5. A method for determining bases using the device for determining bases according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, comprising: providing a substance to be detected, the substance to be detected is ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid, and the substance to be detected includes a first base, a second base, a third base and a fourth base; Performing light treatment on the object to be detected, the method of light treatment includes: using the first incident light to perform first light on the object to be detected to obtain a first light signal absorbed by the object to be detected; using the second incident light to light the object to be detected The detection object is subjected to the second illumination to obtain the second optical signal absorbed by the detection object; the third incident light is used to perform the third illumination on the detection object to obtain the third light signal absorbed by the detection object; The light performs the fourth light on the object to be detected, and obtains the fourth light signal absorbed by the object to be detected; Performing conversion processing on the optical signal, the conversion processing method includes: performing a first conversion on the first optical signal to obtain a corresponding first electrical signal; performing a second conversion on the second optical signal to obtain performing a third conversion on the third optical signal to obtain a corresponding third electrical signal; performing a fourth conversion on the fourth optical signal to obtain a corresponding fourth electrical signal; Perform analysis and processing according to the first electrical signal, the second electrical signal, the third electrical signal, and the fourth electrical signal, and obtain the number of the first base, the number of the second base, and the third base in the substance to be detected. The proportional relationship between the number of bases and the number of fourth bases. 6. the method for measuring base as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, in described object to be detected, described first base has maximum absorptivity to first incident light; The absorptivity of the second incident light is the largest; the absorptivity of the third base to the third incident light is the largest; the absorptivity of the fourth base to the fourth incident light is the largest. 7. the method for measuring base as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, when described object to be detected is ribonucleic acid substance, described first base is cytosine, and the second base is guanine, and the second base is guanine. The three bases are adenine, and the fourth base is uracil; the wavelength range of the first incident light is 220 nanometers to 230 nanometers, the wavelength range of the second incident light is 235 nanometers to 245 nanometers, and the second incident light has a wavelength range of 235 nanometers to 245 nanometers. The wavelength range of the third incident light is 250 nanometers to 259 nanometers, and the wavelength range of the fourth incident light is 260 nanometers to 270 nanometers. 8. the method for measuring base as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, when described object to be detected is deoxyribonucleic acid substance, described first base is cytosine, and the second base is guanine, The third base is adenine, and the fourth base is thymine; the wavelength range of the first incident light is 220 nanometers to 230 nanometers; the wavelength range of the second incident light is 235 nanometers to 245 nanometers. The wavelength range of the third incident light is 250 nanometers to 259 nanometers, and the wavelength range of the fourth incident light is 259 nanometers to 269 nanometers.

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