CN110757762B - Solid high-fiber material sterilization device and method thereof - Google Patents
Solid high-fiber material sterilization device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110757762B CN110757762B CN201911094407.4A CN201911094407A CN110757762B CN 110757762 B CN110757762 B CN 110757762B CN 201911094407 A CN201911094407 A CN 201911094407A CN 110757762 B CN110757762 B CN 110757762B
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
- B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
- B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fillers or of fibrous materials, e.g. short-fibre reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
- B29C48/84—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders by heating or cooling the feeding screws
- B29C48/845—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sterilization equipment, and particularly relates to a solid high-fiber material sterilization device and a method thereof. The sterilization device comprises a screw extruder, wherein the screw extruder comprises an extrusion device and a feeding device arranged above the extrusion device, and the extrusion device comprises an extrusion assembly and an extrusion motor; the extrusion assembly comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of screws sleeved on the rotating shaft, a thin spreading ring is arranged between two adjacent screws close to the extrusion motor, and a homogenizing ring is arranged between two adjacent screws far away from the extrusion motor; the thin spreading ring and the homogenizing ring are hollow round tables; the left side of the homogenizing ring is designed as a round angle, and a plurality of notches extending along the horizontal direction are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the feeding device comprises a feeding motor, a feeding hopper and a feeding screw. The invention has the advantages of ingenious design, convenient use, easy operation, wide adaptability of material shape, high continuity, high production efficiency, uniform sterilization, adjustable and controllable sterilization conditions and the like, and realizes continuous and instant sterilization of solid high-fiber materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sterilization equipment, and particularly relates to a solid high-fiber material sterilization device and a method thereof.
Background
Many solid high-fiber materials are often used in the industries of edible fungi, seasonings, brewing and the like, and the raw materials of the solid high-fiber materials are mostly leftovers of agricultural and sideline products, such as: the solid high-fiber materials are seriously out of standard by microorganisms, and generally need to be sterilized in production. At present, in actual production of factories, heat sterilization technology and equipment of liquid materials are mature, such as direct heating (steam jet type, injection type) and indirect heating (tubular type, sheet type and scraping type), and compared with the liquid materials, the fluidity of solid high-fiber materials is poor, and the heat exchange amount is small, so that the sterilization equipment and technology of the liquid materials cannot be applied to the solid high-fiber materials.
Screw extrusion technology is a rapidly developing processing technology, and in recent years, the screw extrusion technology is widely applied to the food and feed industries. The screw extrusion technology integrates the procedures of mixing, stirring, crushing, heating, steaming, sterilizing, puffing, forming and the like, has simple process, does not generate three wastes, and has the characteristics of multifunction, high yield and high quality. Raw materials processed by the traditional screw extrusion equipment generally contain a large amount of starch, protein and the like, and raw materials with high fiber content, such as wood dust, cotton seed hulls, corncobs, bran, straw and the like and poor gas-holding property cannot be directly processed. According to the characteristics of the materials, the novel screw extrusion equipment is created, so that the instant sterilization of the solid high-fiber materials is realized by using a screw extrusion technology, and the purposes of high efficiency, energy saving and automatic production are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a solid high-fiber material sterilization device. The sterilizing device has the advantages of ingenious design, convenient use and easy operation, and realizes continuous and instantaneous sterilization of solid high-fiber materials.
The invention also provides a sterilization method by adopting the sterilization device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The solid high-fiber material sterilization device comprises a screw extruder, wherein the screw extruder comprises an extrusion device and a feeding device arranged above the extrusion device, the extrusion device comprises an extrusion assembly and an extrusion motor for driving the extrusion assembly to rotate, and a screw sleeve is arranged outside the extrusion assembly; the extrusion assembly comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of screws sleeved on the rotating shaft, a thin spreading ring is arranged between two adjacent screws close to the extrusion motor, a homogenizing ring is arranged between two adjacent screws far away from the extrusion motor, and the thin spreading ring and the homogenizing ring are sleeved on the rotating shaft;
The shape of the thin spreading ring and the homogenizing ring is a hollow round table, and the diameters of the left sides of the thin spreading ring and the homogenizing ring are smaller than the diameter of the right side; the left side of the homogenizing ring is designed as a round angle, and a plurality of notches extending along the horizontal direction are uniformly distributed on the homogenizing ring along the circumferential direction; the feeding device comprises a feeding motor, a feeding hopper and a feeding screw.
Preferably, the number of the screws is four, the screws are a first screw, a second screw, a third screw and a fourth screw in sequence, thin paving rings are respectively sleeved on rotating shafts between the first screw and the second screw and between the second screw and the third screw, and homogenizing rings are respectively sleeved on rotating shafts between the third screw and the fourth screw. The right side of the homogenizing ring is provided with a fourth screw rod, namely the material can pass through a section of screw rod (namely the fourth screw rod) instead of directly coming out of the homogenizing ring and then being collected after coming out of the homogenizing ring; the fourth screw is arranged on the right side of the homogenizing ring to knead the materials so as to form a relatively uniform and fluffy material product.
Preferably, the screw extruder is a double screw extruder, four screws, two thin paving rings and one homogenizing ring are arranged on two extrusion components of the double screw extruder, and the screws of the two extrusion components are meshed and rotated in the same direction.
Preferably, the shape of the notch on the homogenizing ring is a sector, and the number of the notch is 6; the notch penetrates through the homogenizing ring along the rotating shaft direction, and the circular arc part of the fan shape is just positioned on the outer circumference of the right side of the homogenizing ring; the notch is used for passing through the material and extruding and rubbing the material.
Preferably, the diameter of the right side of the thin spreading ring is 2-4mm smaller than the diameter of the screw sleeve, and the diameter of the right side of the homogenizing ring is less than the diameter of the screw sleeve by 2 mm.
Preferably, the included angle between the right bottom surface of the thin paving ring and the bus is 45 degrees, and the thicknesses of the thin paving ring and the homogenizing ring are 2cm.
Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the rotating shaft is regular polygon, and more preferably regular hexagon.
A sterilization method adopting the solid high-fiber material sterilization device comprises the following steps:
1) The water content of the solid high-fiber material to be sterilized is adjusted to 10% -50%;
2) Setting the heating temperature of the first screw of the solid high-fiber material sterilization device to be 50-100 ℃, the heating temperature of the second screw to be 100-160 ℃, the heating temperature of the third screw to be 120-180 ℃ and the rotating speed of the extrusion assembly to be 100-250 rpm;
3) Adding the solid high-fiber material in the step 1) into a feed hopper of the solid high-fiber material sterilizing device in the step 2), and then sending the solid high-fiber material into an extruding device for sterilization.
Preferably, the content of the fibrous matrix in the solid high-fiber material is greater than 35%, i.e. the content of fibers in the solid high-fiber material is greater than 35%.
According to the invention, the two ends of the second screw rod are respectively additionally provided with the thin-laying rings for forming the high-temperature high-pressure cavity, one tapered surface of the thin-laying rings (namely the small diameter end of the thin-laying rings) is close to the first screw rod, so that materials can be pushed along the inclined plane, and the high-temperature high-pressure cavity is formed under the conditions that the space is continuously reduced and the friction force is continuously increased, so that the aim of sterilization is fulfilled. Meanwhile, a homogenizing ring is adopted to replace a die head of a conventional screw extruder, a fourth screw is arranged on the right side of the homogenizing ring and used for homogenizing the bulk materials, and a notch is arranged on the circular arc (round corner design) on the left side of the homogenizing ring, so that the materials and the bulk materials can be homogenized better.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the solid high-fiber material sterilization device, the spreading ring and the homogenizing ring are additionally arranged, so that continuous and instantaneous sterilization of the solid high-fiber material is realized, and the solid high-fiber material sterilization device has the advantages of wide material shape adaptability, high continuity, high production efficiency, uniform sterilization, adjustable and controllable sterilization conditions and the like; meanwhile, no sterilization dead angle exists, the defective rate is almost zero, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the difficult problem of sterilization of solid high-fiber materials in production is solved;
2. The material is spread to be thin to 1-2 mm by the design of the thin spreading ring and the channel with continuously reduced section through screw extrusion, and high temperature and high pressure are generated by screw extrusion and friction, and then the material is instantaneously penetrated by the high temperature generated by screw extrusion, so that the aim of instantaneous sterilization is fulfilled, the sterilization time is short, and the efficiency is high;
3. the invention relates to a device and a method for sterilizing solid high-fiber materials, which are applied to the sterilization production process of solid materials, in particular to the solid materials with high fiber (the fiber matrix content is more than 35 percent), so that the solid high-fiber materials are kneaded, cut and steamed at high temperature while being sterilized at high temperature and high pressure, the properties of the materials are changed, the effects of being more beneficial to the growth of mycelium and improving the nutrition utilization rate are achieved, and the cost and income of related industries are promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solid high fiber material sterilization device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the thin ring of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the homogenizing ring of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of FIG. 4;
In the figure: 1 is a base, 2 is a bracket, 3 is a feeding motor, 4 is a feeding hopper, 5 is a feeding screw, 6 is an extrusion motor, 7 is a screw sleeve, 8 is an extrusion assembly, 9 is a thin spreading ring, 10 is a homogenizing ring, 11 is a notch, 12 is a round angle, 13 is a first screw, 14 is a second screw, 15 is a third screw, 16 is a fourth screw, and 17 is a through hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but not limited, by the following examples and figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the azimuth terms, such as terms "thickness", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., the azimuth and positional relationships are based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not to be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of the present invention, indicating or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate in order to describe the embodiments of the application herein.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-5, the solid high-fiber material sterilization device comprises a screw extruder, wherein the screw extruder comprises an extrusion device and a feeding device arranged above the extrusion device, the extrusion device comprises an extrusion assembly 8 and an extrusion motor 6 for driving the extrusion assembly 8 to rotate (the extrusion motor 6 is directly connected with a rotating shaft, and the extrusion motor 6 drives the rotating shaft to rotate so as to drive the extrusion assembly 8 to integrally rotate), and a screw sleeve 7 is arranged outside the extrusion assembly 8; the extrusion assembly 8 comprises a rotating shaft and four sections of screws sleeved on the rotating shaft, wherein a first screw 13, a second screw 14, a third screw 15 and a fourth screw 16 are sequentially arranged from left to right, a thin spreading ring 9 is sleeved on the rotating shaft between the first screw 13 and the second screw 14 and between the second screw 14 and the third screw 15, and a homogenizing ring 10 is sleeved on the rotating shaft between the third screw 15 and the fourth screw 16; namely, the left side and the right side of the second screw 14 are respectively provided with a thin spreading ring 9.
The shape of the thin spreading ring 9 and the homogenizing ring 10 is a hollow round table (namely, the end surface of the round table is provided with a through hole 17 penetrating through the whole round table along the axial direction of the rotary shaft, as shown in fig. 3 and 5), and the diameters of the left sides of the thin spreading ring 9 and the homogenizing ring 10 are smaller than the diameter of the right side; the left side (small-diameter end face) of the homogenizing ring 10 is designed as a round angle, and a plurality of notches 11 extending along the horizontal direction are uniformly distributed on the homogenizing ring 10 along the circumferential direction; the feeding device comprises a feeding motor 3, a feeding hopper 4 and a feeding screw 5.
The screw extruder is a double screw extruder, two extrusion assemblies 8 of the double screw extruder are provided with a first screw, a fourth screw, two thinning rings 9 and a homogenizing ring 10, and the screws of the two extrusion assemblies 8 are meshed and rotated in the same direction (namely, the four screws of the upper extrusion assembly 8 and the four screws of the lower extrusion assembly 8 are meshed and rotated mutually). The shape of the notches 11 on the homogenizing ring 10 is a sector, and the number of the notches 11 is 6; the notch 11 penetrates through the homogenizing ring 10 along the rotating shaft direction, and the circular arc part of the sector is positioned on the outer circumference of the right side of the homogenizing ring 10. The diameter of the right side of the thinning ring 9 is 2-4mm smaller than that of the screw sleeve 7, and the diameter difference between the right side of the homogenizing ring 10 and the diameter of the screw sleeve 7 is within 2mm (the thinning ring 9, the screw sleeve 7, the homogenizing ring 10, the rotating shaft and the first screw rod and the fourth screw rod are coaxially arranged). The included angle between the right bottom surface of the thin paving ring 9 and the bus is 45 degrees, and the thicknesses of the thin paving ring 9 and the homogenizing ring 10 are both 2 cm. The section shape of the rotating shaft is regular hexagon.
The positions and the distances of the two thinning rings 9 and the homogenizing ring 10 are related to the equipment productivity, the thickness and the length of the screw rod, and the size of the notch 11 of the homogenizing ring 10.
In the embodiment, the distance between the homogenizing ring 10 and the right end of the fourth screw 16 is 15-18 cm, the distances between the two thin-laying rings and the right end of the fourth screw 16 are 25-28 cm and 37-40 cm respectively, the depth of the notch 11 on the homogenizing ring 10 is 3-5 mm, and the radian is 60 degrees; it should be noted that the present invention is not limited thereto.
In addition to the improvement, other parts of the screw extruder used in the invention adopt the conventional technology in the field, namely, the screw extruder further comprises a base 1, a screw sleeve 7 is fixed on the base 1, and a bracket 2 for supporting a feeding device is further arranged on the base 1, and is not repeated here. The first screw 13, the second screw 14 and the third screw 15 are connected with temperature sensors, and the temperature is controlled by a controller on the screw extruder, which is conventional in the art, and will not be described here.
It should be noted that: for high-fiber solid materials, if the traditional double-screw die head extrusion puffing is adopted, the serious problem that the die head is easy to block exists, the extrusion puffing effect is achieved by adopting the design of the homogenizing ring 10, and the problem that the die head of the traditional double-screw extrusion equipment is easy to block is better avoided.
The first-fourth screw rod, the thin spreading ring 9 and the homogenizing ring 10 are sleeved on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is in a regular hexagon shape, when the extruding motor 6 drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the first-fourth screw rod, the thin spreading ring 9 and the homogenizing ring 10 also rotate, meanwhile, the length of the rotating shaft is just equal to the sum of the lengths of the first-fourth screw rod and the thicknesses of the thin spreading ring 9 and the homogenizing ring 10, the fourth screw rod 16 and the rotating shaft are fixed (for example, the right end of the fourth screw rod 16 can be fixed in a nut locking mode or the right end of the fourth screw rod 16 is welded and fixed with the rotating shaft), and loosening in the rotating process is avoided.
The mushroom cultivation material is sterilized by adopting the sterilization device, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing Lentinus edodes cultivation material (lignocellulose content is 77%) to be sterilized according to production requirement, and adjusting water content to 40%;
2) Setting the heating temperature of the first screw 13 of the solid high-fiber material sterilization device to 80 ℃, the heating temperature of the second screw 14 to 110 ℃, the heating temperature of the third screw 15 to 140 ℃, and the rotating speed of the extrusion assembly to 160rpm;
3) The mushroom cultivation material in the step 1) is added into the feed hopper 4 of the solid high-fiber material sterilization device in the step 2), and then is sent into the extrusion device for sterilization, and the sterilized mushroom cultivation material can be filled according to the subsequent production requirement, namely the mushroom cultivation fungus bag meeting the production requirement.
According to GB/T13093-2006 (measurement of total bacteria in feed), the lentinus edodes cultivation material before and after sterilization is measured, and the measurement result is: the total number of bacteria before sterilization is 4.1X10 7 CFU/g, and the total number of bacteria after sterilization is <10 CFU/g.
Example 2
The bran was sterilized using the sterilizing apparatus of example 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Mixing bran (dietary fiber content of 47%) to be sterilized according to production requirement, and adjusting water content to 35%;
2) Setting the heating temperature of the first screw 13 of the sterilization apparatus of example 1 to 60 ℃, the heating temperature of the second screw 14 to 100 ℃, the heating temperature of the third screw 15 to 120 ℃, and the rotational speed of the extrusion assembly to 140rpm;
3) Adding the bran in the step 1) into a feed hopper 4 of the solid high-fiber material sterilization device in the step 2), then sending the bran into an extrusion device for sterilization, inoculating pure aspergillus according to the subsequent production requirements into the sterilized bran raw material, and culturing under proper conditions to obtain the bran koji.
Distiller's yeast prepared from bran is a main saccharifying agent in the current brewing industry.
The wheat bran before and after sterilization was measured according to GB/T13093-2006 (measurement of total number of bacteria in feed), and the measurement results were: the total number of bacteria before sterilization is 5.4X10 4 CFU/g, and the total number of bacteria after sterilization is <10 CFU/g.
Example 3
The sterilization device of example 1 was used to sterilize the vinegar brewing raw materials (bran, chaff) comprising the steps of:
1) Mixing edible vinegar brewing raw materials (bran and coarse bran coat) (the content of coarse fiber is 41%) to be sterilized according to production requirements, and adjusting the water content to be 50%;
2) Setting the heating temperature of the first screw 13 of the sterilization apparatus of example 1 to 70 ℃, the heating temperature of the second screw 14 to 90 ℃, the heating temperature of the third screw 15 to 130 ℃, and the rotational speed of the extrusion assembly to 120rpm;
3) The edible vinegar brewing raw material in the step 1) is added into a feed hopper 4 of the solid high-fiber material sterilization device in the step 2), and then is sent into an extrusion device for sterilization, and the sterilized fermentation raw material can be added into vinegar grains according to the subsequent production requirements for fermentation to prepare vinegar.
According to GB/T13093-2006 (measurement of total bacteria in feed), the edible vinegar brewing raw materials before and after sterilization are measured, and the measurement results are as follows: the total number of bacteria before sterilization is 1.2 multiplied by 10 5 CFU/g, and the total number of bacteria after sterilization is less than 10 CFU/g.
In the invention, the water content adjustment process of the material to be sterilized can be realized by mixing water with the material conventionally.
Claims (7)
1. The solid high-fiber material sterilization device is characterized by comprising a screw extruder, wherein the screw extruder comprises an extrusion device and a feeding device arranged above the extrusion device, the extrusion device comprises an extrusion assembly and an extrusion motor for driving the extrusion assembly to rotate, and a screw sleeve is arranged outside the extrusion assembly; the extrusion assembly comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of screws sleeved on the rotating shaft, a thin spreading ring is arranged between two adjacent screws close to the extrusion motor, a homogenizing ring is arranged between two adjacent screws far away from the extrusion motor, and the thin spreading ring and the homogenizing ring are sleeved on the rotating shaft;
The shape of the thin spreading ring and the homogenizing ring is a hollow round table, and the diameters of the left sides of the thin spreading ring and the homogenizing ring are smaller than the diameter of the right side; the left side of the homogenizing ring is designed as a round angle, and a plurality of notches extending along the horizontal direction are uniformly distributed on the homogenizing ring along the circumferential direction;
the feeding device comprises a feeding motor, a feeding hopper and a feeding screw;
the diameter of the right side of the thin spreading ring is 2-4mm smaller than the diameter of the screw sleeve, and the diameter of the right side of the homogenizing ring is within 2mm smaller than the diameter of the screw sleeve; the included angle between the right bottom surface of the thin paving ring and the bus is 45 degrees, and the thicknesses of the thin paving ring and the homogenizing ring are 2cm.
2. The solid high-fiber material sterilization device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the screws is four, the screws are a first screw, a second screw, a third screw and a fourth screw in sequence, thin paving rings are arranged between the first screw and the second screw and between the second screw and the third screw, and a homogenizing ring is arranged between the third screw and the fourth screw.
3. The solid high-fiber material sterilization device according to claim 2, wherein the screw extruder is a double screw extruder, four screws, two thin spreading rings and one homogenizing ring are arranged on two extrusion components of the double screw extruder, and the screws of the two extrusion components are meshed and rotated in the same direction.
4. The sterilization apparatus for solid high fiber materials according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shape of the notches on the homogenizing ring is a sector, and the number of notches is 6.
5. The solid high-fiber material sterilizing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the rotary shaft is a regular polygon.
6. A sterilization method using the solid high-fiber material sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) The water content of the solid high-fiber material to be sterilized is adjusted to 10% -50%;
2) Setting the heating temperature of the first screw of the solid high-fiber material sterilization device to be 50-100 ℃, the heating temperature of the second screw to be 100-160 ℃, the heating temperature of the third screw to be 120-180 ℃ and the rotating speed of the extrusion assembly to be 100-250 rpm;
3) Adding the solid high-fiber material in the step 1) into a feed hopper of the solid high-fiber material sterilizing device in the step 2), and then sending the solid high-fiber material into an extruding device for sterilization.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the content of the fibrous matrix in the solid high-fiber material in the step 1) is more than 35%.
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| CN116171801B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2025-04-22 | 河南省农业科学院农副产品加工研究中心 | A high-temperature and high-pressure continuous sterilization screw extruder suitable for high-moisture edible fungus cultivation substrate and its application |
| CN115708459B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2025-03-04 | 河南省农业科学院农副产品加工研究中心 | A device for instant sterilization of edible fungus cultivation substrate and its application |
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